第1集 - 真理是主观的，人类可以理解它

欢迎来到《五分钟理由》，在这里我们将探讨和辩论我们这个时代最具基础性、惊人性和争议性主张背后的原因。

Welcome to five Minute Reasons, where we explore and debate your reasons behind some of the most foundational, astonishing, or controversial claims of our time.

第一集，真理是主观的，人类可以理解它。

Episode one, truth is subjective and humans can understand it.

那么我所说的主观是什么意思？我所说的真理又是什么意思？

So what do I mean by subjective and what do I mean by truth?

所谓主观，我指的是基于或受制于个人思想、感受、解释或观点的事物。

By subjective, I mean a thing that is based on or subjected to personal thoughts, feelings, interpretations, or perspectives.

关于真理，我喜欢亚里士多德在其《形而上学》一书中的定义。

And in regards to truth, I like Aristotle's definition in his book on metaphysics.

他说：'把存在说成不存在，或把不存在说成存在，就是虚假的。'

He says, To say of what is that it is not, or what is not that it is, is false.

而'把存在说成存在，把不存在说成不存在，就是真实的'——这是一种有趣的说法，表明真理就是与现实一致，或者更简单地说，真理就是如实陈述。

While to say of what is that it is or what is not that it is not is true, which is a fun way to say that truth is that which is in accord with reality or even simpler, truth is telling it like it is.

根据这个定义，真理的存在需要两个条件。

Given this definition, there are two things that are required for the truth to exist.

第一，需要思考者；第二，需要思考对象。

First, a thinker, and second, the object of thought.

思考者是必要的，因为没有思考者，就无人能‘如实陈述’，因为根本无人陈述。

A thinker is necessary because without a thinker, there is no telling it like it is as there is no telling.

思考对象是必要的，因为没有对象，就无所谓‘它’被思考。

An object of thought is necessary because without the object, there is no it to be thought.

这初看似乎与真理的概念相矛盾。

This would seem counterintuitive to the idea of truth at first.

毕竟，深埋地下的石头即使无人想到它们，也依然是真实的石头。

After all, stones buried deep in the earth are true stones even if nobody is thinking about them.

我同意这个基本论断——事物确实会在我们观察和认知之外独立存在。

And I agree with the general assertion, things do happen beyond our own observation and intellect.

但我要强调的是，真理所依赖的未必是我们的认知能力。

However, it's not necessarily our intellect that I am proposing the truth is subject to.

在法律领域，若律师想探究法条文字背后的含义，通常会追溯立法者的原意来确定其意义。

In the legal world, if an attorney wants to discover the meaning behind the language in a statute, the attorney will look to the creator of the law to discover its meaning.

律师可能会寻找所谓的立法意图，因为显然，立法者即我

The attorney might search for what is called legislative intent as, obviously, the legislators, I.

即法规的制定者，在创建法律时意图赋予其特定含义

E, the creators of the statute, intended the law to mean something when they created it.

同样地，人们可能要求演讲者澄清其言论含义，因为只有创造者才拥有关于其造物的真知、权威与诠释自由

Similarly, someone might ask the speaker to clarify what they mean by their speech because it's the creator that has the knowledge, the authority, and the liberty to say what is true about their creation.

但世间许多事物并非人类所创，因此其真相不受人类思维支配

But much in the world is not of human creation, and therefore its truth is not subject to the human mind.

所以那些非人造的自然之物，其真实性体现在它们完美呈现了造物主心中的形态原型

And so the natural things not created by humans are said to be true insofar as they express the likeness of their forms that are in the mind of their creator.

由此可见，真理具有主观性，因为造物真相受制于其创造者的意志

Therefore, truth is subjective as the truth of the creation is subject to the mind of its creator.

就我们理解真理的能力而言，我们自身也是被造物

In regard to us being able to understand the truth, we too are created beings.

我们用以认知真理的思维能力同样是被创造的

The powers by which we understand truth are also created.

我们要么是被一位智慧的造物主所创造，被赋予认识真理的能力，要么就不是。

We are either created by an intelligent creator who created us to be able to know the truth or we are not.

如果不是，那么我们几乎没有理由相信和信任任何我们认为真实的事物，包括数学、科学、逻辑以及我们自身的观察能力，因为人类并非被创造来感知或理解真理。

And if we are not, then there is little reason to believe and to trust that anything that we think is true, including math, the sciences, logic, and our own powers of observation, as the human is not created to be able to perceive or understand the truth.

但如果是，那么我们就有充分理由相信我们能够感知和理解真理，这意味着我们被赋予了接触造物主心中真理的途径。

But if we are, then we have good reason to believe that we are able to perceive and understand the truth, meaning that we are given access to the truth, which is in the mind of the creator.

我们越是能理解造物主的思维，就越能理解其创造物，从而理解真理。

The more we are able to understand the thoughts of the creator, the more we are able to understand the creation and therefore the truth.

当然，认为我们被设计成能够理解真理的一个理由是我们对真理的渴望。

Certainly, one reason to think that we are so designed to be able to understand the truth is our desire for it.

亚里士多德在《形而上学》开篇恰当地指出：所有人天生都渴望求知。

Aristotle aptly put in his first line of the Metaphysics that all men by nature desire to know.

人们天生对食物、氧气、爱、友谊和幸福等事物怀有强烈渴望并非偶然，因为我们的身体和心理清楚地表明，我们被专门设计成能够进食、呼吸、爱、建立友谊并获得幸福。

It is of no coincidence that people by nature have a great desire for things like food, oxygen, love, friendship, and happiness, as it's clear by our bodies and our psyche that we are specifically designed to be able to eat, to breathe, to love, form friendships, and be happy.

而这些事物确实可供我们获取。

And these things are made available to us.

或许，我们对理解真理的渴望甚至超过了对食物、友谊和幸福的追求，真理对我们而言同样触手可及，我们也具备理解它的能力。

Perhaps even greater than our desire for food, friendship, and happiness is our desire to understand the truth, and so likely is its availability to us and our ability to understand it.

因此总结来说，真理是主观的，因为被造物的真理取决于其创造者的思想，而人类能够理解真理，是因为我们的创造者将我们设计成能够理解真理的存在。

So in conclusion, truth is subjective because the truth of a creature is subject to the thoughts of its creator, and humans can understand truth because our creator designed us to be able to understand the truth.

但若您持不同意见，欢迎您录制一段五分钟的音频反驳这些论点，并发送至5minutereasons@gmail.com。

But if you disagree, we welcome you to record a five minute audio recording of your own rebutting these arguments and send it to us at 5minutereasons@gmail.com.

邮箱地址是5minutereasons@gmail.com。

That's the number 5minutereasons@gmail.com.

只要您的录音控制在五分钟以内，我们很乐意将您的回应发布到'五分钟理由'播客节目上。

As long as you keep your audio recording to five minutes or less, we would like to post your response to the five minute reasons podcast.

我们可能会用一段简短的五分钟论述作为回应，但仅限一次。

We might respond with a short five minute argument of our own, but we'll respond once and only once.

这样，如果您愿意发送最终的五分钟回应，主动权始终在您手中。

So it always give you you the last word if you would like to send us the last and final five minute response.

感谢收听本期'五分钟理由'节目，我们期待很快为您带来新的内容。

Thank you for tuning in to today's episode of five minute reasons, and we look forward to releasing new episodes soon.

敬请期待。

So stay tuned.