互联网是好是坏？

本BBC播客在英国境外由广告赞助播出。

This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside The UK.

大多数游客只去热门景点。但在土耳其，如果你另辟蹊径，将会体验到大量冒险活动——比如自行车手追逐刺激的塞普尔小径，或是能让你尽情风筝冲浪的奥拉。想用双脚探索的话，可以徒步登上内姆鲁特山，或在巴塔拉穿越可能揭示人类文明历史的古老遗迹。登录goturkia.com规划你的独特旅程，开启扣人心弦的冒险。

Most travelers stick to the highlights. But in Turkey, if you go off the beaten path, you'll experience a whole lot of adventure, like the Sepul Trail, where cyclists chase the thrill, or Ola, where you can kite surf to your heart's content. For exploring on your feet, hike up to Mount Nemrut, or walk in Batara through ancient civilizations that might reveal the history of humanity itself. Plan your detour at goturkia.com for a gripping adventure.

你知道阿诺德·施瓦辛格是亿万富翁吗？

Did you know that Arnold Schwarzenegger is a billionaire?

在我们的播客《善恶亿万富翁》中，我们揭秘这颗星球上最富有的人如何积累起惊人财富。

On our podcast, Good Bad Billionaire, we explain how the wealthiest people on the planet became so incredibly rich.

我们带着新一季节目回归，讲述好莱坞超级巨星的故事。

And we're back with a new season and the story of one of Hollywood's biggest stars.

他作为健美运动员、动作片英雄甚至加州州长闻名于世，但阿诺德通过另一项事业赚取了更多财富。

He was famously a bodybuilder, a movie action hero, and even governor of California, but Arnie made even more money from another career.

收听《善恶亿万富翁》，了解阿诺德·施瓦辛格如何成为亿万富翁的全部细节。

Find out exactly how Arnold Schwarzenegger became a billionaire by listening to Good Bad Billionaire.

这里是《善恶亿万富翁》节目。您可以在bbc.com或任何播客平台收听。

That's Good Bad Billionaire. Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

本内容来自BBC英语学习频道。了解更多信息，请访问我们的网站。

This is a download from BBC Learning English. To find out more, visit our website.

六分钟英语。

Six Minute English.

来自BBC英语学习频道。

From BBC Learning English.

大家好，欢迎来到《六分钟英语》。我是罗伯。我是尼尔。尼尔，你还记得第一次使用万维网（我们常称之为互联网）是什么时候吗？当时用它做了什么？

Hello. Welcome to six Minute English. I'm Rob. And I'm Neil. Now, Neil, can you remember the first time you've ever used the World Wide Web or as we often call it, the Internet and what you used it for?

哦，这个问题问得好。我确实记得。而且你看，其实什么都没变，对吧？因为我当时查了猫咪的图片。猫咪。

Oh, that's a good question. I do remember. And well, nothing really changes, does it? Because I've looked up pictures of cats. Cats.

非常实用。那么，你认为互联网对世界整体来说是积极的还是消极的？

Very useful. Anyway, do you think the Internet has generally been positive or negative for the world?

哇！这真是个重大且宏大的问题。我不确定自己能否回答。

Wow! Now that is a big question a huge question. I don't know if I can answer that.

嗯，或许有一个人能回答这个问题，那就是发明它的英国计算机科学家蒂姆·伯纳斯-李。稍后我们将了解他对这个'孩子'现状的看法。但在此之前，先问大家一个问题：伯纳斯-李最初提出万维网构想的年份是？a)1985年 b)1989年 还是 c)1991年？

Well, one person who perhaps can answer it is the man who invented it British computer scientist, Tim Berners Lee. We'll find out what he thinks has become of his child shortly. But before that, a question for you all. When did Berners Lee first suggest the idea for what would become the World Wide Web? Was it a) 1985 b) 1989 or c) 1991?

有点难，但我觉得比人们想象的更早，所以我选1985年。

Tricky, but I think it's earlier than people think, so I'm going to go for 1985.

确实很久远了，不过我们稍后会在节目中揭晓答案。可以说互联网是有史以来最重要的技术发展之一——甚至可能没有之一。尼尔，你同意吗？

Well, that was a long time ago, but we'll reveal the answer a little later in the programme. I think it's true to say that the Internet has been one of, if not the most important technological developments perhaps of all time. Would you agree, Neil?

嗯，很难想象没有互联网的生活。虽然并非不可能，但会非常不便。

Well, it's hard to imagine living without it. Not impossible, but not nearly as convenient.

如今我们都把互联网视为理所当然。我们在社交媒体上分享生活，对象不仅是亲友。但互联网之父蒂姆·伯纳斯-李认为这并不总是好事。在BBC科技帐篷节目最近一期中，他谈到了对互联网的担忧，特别是控制信息的那些被他称为'互联网巨头'的公司。他认为这些公司必须做什么？

These days we take the Internet for granted. We share our lives on social media and not just with friends and family. And that isn't always a positive thing according to the father of the Internet, Tim Berners Lee. In a recent BBC Tech Tent programme, he talked about his concerns with the Internet and particularly the companies that control its information companies which he calls Internet giants. What does he say he thought these companies had to do?

最初我认为互联网巨头主要该做的就是保持中立，只做平台。人类一旦通过技术连接，自会创造美好事物。但显然现实并非如此。通过维基百科连接人类时，他们通常能创造美好；但当通过允许匿名的社交网络连接时，反而会暴露出人性最恶劣的一面。

Initially, I felt the main thing that an Internet giant had to do was to just to be neutral, just be a platform. And humanity, once connected by technology, will do wonderful things. And and, clearly, it doesn't work like that. If you connect humanity via Wikipedia, then they do produce, in general, wonderful things. If you connect people by a social network where they have anonymity, it then can bring out the very nastiest of people.

那么他说这些互联网巨头需要做些什么？

So what did he say he thought these internet giants had to do?

他说最初认为他们只需要保持中立。最初的意思是一开始。这也暗示后来他改变了想法。总之，他说他认为他们只需要保持中立。这里的中立意味着他们不需要做任何事，不需要控制互联网或信息。

He said that he thought initially that they just had to be neutral. Initially means at first in the beginning. And it also suggests that later he changed his mind. Anyway, he said that he thought they just had to be neutral. Neutral here means that they didn't need to do anything they didn't need to control the internet or information.

他认为这将成为连接人与人、思想与信息的工具，那将会很棒。

He thought it would be a tool to connect people and ideas and information and it would be wonderful.

但并非全是好事，对吧？

But it's not all good, is it?

不。他确实表示让人们获取信息来源总体是件好事，但说到社交网络和社交媒体时，人们拥有匿名性。匿名性。是的。这意味着在互联网上人们可以隐藏真实身份或个性。

No. He does say that giving people access to sources of information is generally a good thing, but that when it comes to social networks social media people have anonymity. Anonymity. Yes. It means that on the internet people can hide their true identity or personality.

有些人写下他们永远不会当面说的话，因为他们认为不会有后果。伯纳斯·李说匿名性会激发出人性最恶劣的一面，人们互相说可怕又可憎的话。

Some people write things that they would never say to someone in person because they think there will be no consequences. Berners Lee says anonymity can bring out the nastiest side of people people saying horrible and terrible things to each other.

伯纳斯·李确实对如何改变这种情况有些建议，基于点赞和分享的理念，他称之为荣誉。他的建议是什么？

Berners Lee does have some suggestions for how this could be changed and it's based on the idea of likes and shares which he calls kudos. What's his suggestion?

不同的社交网络和平台处于不同的境况。在某些情况下，它们已承认存在问题。我认为它们意识到，通过调整运作方式、改变转发传播机制或调整用户获得赞誉的方式，或许能大幅改善这个问题。例如，应该对所有建设性行为给予赞誉。

The different social networks, the different platforms are in different situations. In some cases, they've acknowledged that there's an issue. I think they realise that the issue could perhaps be hugely ameliorated by tweaking the way the thing works, by changing the way retweets or or propagate it or changing the way people get kudos. Give them all kudos for being constructive, for example.

那么他认为公司该如何解决这个问题？

So how does he think companies could address the problem?

他表示，一些社交网络已承认存在问题，并且知道如何改善。

Well, he says that some of the social networks have agreed that there is a problem and they know what could improve it.

不过他没用'改善'这个词，对吧？

He didn't use the word improve though, did he?

没错。他实际上用了相当正式的动词'ameliorate'，意思是改善或使某事变得更好。

No. He actually used the rather formal verb ameliorate, which means to improve or make something better.

那么他建议如何'ameliorate'这个问题？

So how does he suggest the problem could be ameliorated?

通过调整人们给予或获得赞誉的方式。'Tweaking'意味着对某事物的运作方式进行微调。互联网上许多行为都源于我们获取点赞和分享的欲望，这就是伯纳斯·李所说的'kudos'。他认为对此进行微调能带来更好的体验。

By tweaking the way in which people give or receive kudos. Tweaking means making a small change to the way something works. Much of what happens on the internet is driven by our desire to get likes and shares. This is the kudos that Berners Lee talks about. He feels that tweaking this could lead to a better experience.

例如，因建设性或积极行为获得更多赞誉。

For example, getting more kudos for constructive or positive actions.

有意思。但我想知道由谁来判断某件事是否具有建设性？

Interesting. But I wonder who would decide if something is constructive?

嗯，我想这个问题可以改天再讨论。

Well, that's another big question for another day, I guess.

不过现在，让我们先回答这个小问题。伯纳斯-李在哪一年提出了后来发展为万维网的构想？选项是a)1985年 b)1989年或c)1991年。正确答案其实是1989年。在结束前，让我们快速回顾一下今天的内容——

For now though, let's have the answer to our small question. In what year did Berners Lee present the idea for what would become the World Wide Web? The options were a) 1985 b) 1989 or c) 1991. It was in fact 1989. Now, before we go, let's have a quick recap of today's

词汇部分。Initially表示最初、开始时。然后是neutral（中立的）。

vocabulary. Initially means at first in the beginning. And then we had neutral.

在这里它表示不控制或不采取任何控制行动。

In this case it meant not controlling or not taking any action to control.

然后是名词anonymity（匿名），指隐藏身份或人格的状态。

Then there was the noun anonymity, which is the state of having a hidden identity or personality.

接下来，'ameliorate'的意思是改善某种情况。

Next, to ameliorate a situation is to make it better.

'tweak'指的是对某事物的运作方式做出微小调整。

To tweak something is to make a small change to the way something works.

当然我们还有'kudos'，这个词表示对你所做之事的赞扬和欣赏。

And then we have of course kudos kudos is praise and appreciation for something you've done.

好吧，Rob，今天的节目要给你点赞。非常感谢。

Well, kudos to you Rob for today's programme. Thank you very much.

谢谢Neil，也谢谢大家的收听。今天的时间就到这里。你可以在Facebook、Twitter、Instagram和YouTube上找到我们，当然还有我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com。下次见。

Well, thank you Neil and thank you everyone for listening. That's all we have time for today. But you can find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and of course our website bbclearningenglish.com. Bye for now.

感谢参与收听，再见。

Thanks for joining us and goodbye.