什么是男性圈？

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来自bbclearningenglish.com的《六分钟英语》。

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

大家好，这里是BBC学习英语频道的《六分钟英语》，我是菲尔。

Hello. This is six Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil.

我是乔治。

And I'm Georgie.

我们常听到现代社会中年轻男性成长面临的困境，以及他们如何通过网络寻求答案。这种现象催生了一个被称为'男性圈层'的概念。究竟什么是男性圈层？BBC广播四台《女性时间》主持人安妮塔·拉尼给出了一个定义。

We hear a lot about the difficulties young men face growing up in the modern world and how many of them are looking online for answers. This has created a situation which has been given the name the manosphere. What exactly is the manosphere? Here's Anita Rani, presenter of BBC Radio four's Woman's Hour with one definition.

男性圈层由网络社区和意见领袖构成，他们宣扬情感控制、物质财富、外貌优势及对女性的支配力——尤其是对女性的支配——是衡量男性价值的标准。

The manosphere consists of online communities and influences that promote the idea that emotional control, material wealth, physical appearance and dominance, especially over women, are markers of male worth.

男性圈层描述了网络上宣扬男性优越的观点。虽然找不到名为www.manosphere.com的网站，但在社交媒体帖子、TikTok视频等网络内容中，关于'如何成为男人'的观念正在影响年轻男性受众，有时会造成严重后果。

The Manosphere describes attitudes expressed online that men are superior. You won't find any website named www.manosphere.com, but in social media posts, TikTok videos and other online content, ideas about how to be a man are finding a young male audience, sometimes with damaging results.

在本期节目中，我们将聆听威尔·阿道菲的故事，这位英国青年曾追随男性圈层文化，直至二十多岁时精神崩溃。和往常一样，我们还会学习一些实用的新词汇和短语。请记住，您可以在我们的网站bbclearningenglish.com上找到本集所有词汇。

In this episode, we'll hear from Will Adolfi, a young British man who followed the manosphere until in his mid-20s, he suffered a breakdown. And as usual, we'll learn some useful new words and phrases. And remember, you'll find all the vocabulary from this episode on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

但首先，乔治，我有个问题要问你。根据男性自助组织'Movember基金会'的数据，大多数英国年轻男性会定期关注网络上的男性气质影响者。但具体比例是多少？是a.三分之二，b.四分之三，还是c.十分之八？

But first, I have a question for you, Georgie. According to men's self help group, the Movember Foundation, a majority of British young men regularly engage with masculinity influencers online. But how many exactly? Is it a, two thirds, b, three quarters, or c, eight tenths?

我猜是a.三分之二。

I'm going to guess. A, two thirds.

好的。我们将在节目后期揭晓答案。男性圈层文化包含'世界对男性存在偏见'的观点。推广这些观点的社交媒体影响者认为，成为男人意味着要强大、富有并掌控他人，尤其是女性。

Okay. Well, we'll find out the answer later in the programme. The manosphere includes the idea that the world is biased against men. According to the social media influencers who promote these views, being a man means being strong, rich and controlling others, especially women.

少年时期的威尔·阿道菲与学校里其他男孩不同。进入青春期后，他开始接触这类观念。在BBC广播四台《女性时间》节目中，他向我们讲述了这一切的起因。

As a young boy, Will Adolfi was unlike other boys at school. And as he grew into a teenager, he started engaging with some of these ideas. Here, he tells BBC Radio four programme Woman's Hour how it all started.

我不太符合常规期待。你们知道，我学芭蕾、想当演员、写诗，很容易成为被攻击的目标。

I didn't quite fit in the box. You know, I was doing ballet. I wanted to be an actor. I wrote poetry. And I was an easy target.

到我14岁时，从照片里你能看出虚张声势的姿态，能看出我在伪装。我现在能看出来。当时我在无意识地竭力遵循所谓的'男子汉准则'——那是一套僵化的理想标准和规则，作为男孩，我感到必须遵循这些才能成为所谓的'真男人'。

By the time I got to 14 years old, if you look at pictures of me, you can see bravado. You can see a mask. I see it. I unknowingly did my best to adhere to what we call the man box, which is a kind of rigid set of ideals and rules that I may feel pressure as a boy to follow in order to be a quote unquote real man.

对于与众不同的人来说，青少年时期可能很艰难。威尔喜爱诗歌和芭蕾，他说这使他成为容易受攻击的目标，一个脆弱且易被利用的人。

The teenage years can be difficult for someone who's different. Will enjoyed poetry and ballet, and he says this made him an easy target, someone who's vulnerable and easily taken advantage of.

威尔用虚张声势来回应，这种故作勇敢的表现是为了给他人留下印象，但往往掩盖了一个人的真实感受。他感到压力，必须把自己塑造成所谓的‘真正男子汉’。‘所谓’这个短语可以用来表示你在引用别人的话，尤其是当你不同意这些话的时候。

Will responded with bravado, a show of bravery to impress other people, but which often hides someone's true feelings. He felt pressure to present himself as a quote unquote real man. The phrase quote unquote can be used to show you're repeating someone else's words, especially if you don't agree with them.

但在虚张声势的背后，威尔难以找到女朋友或保住工作。在现实生活中，他的生活似乎反映了他在线观看的视频中的信息——他的问题是由女性造成的。以下是威尔再次与BBC广播四台《女性时间》分享的更多内容。

But behind the bravado, Will struggled to get a girlfriend or hold down a job. Offline, his life seemed to reflect messages he saw in the videos he was watching online that his problems were caused by women. Here's Will again sharing more with BBC Radio four's Woman's Hour.

当我上网寻找答案时，有位影响者告诉我世界憎恨男人，这让我感觉非常真实，它某种程度上扭曲了我的世界观，我开始觉得这是真的，每个人都憎恨男人。所以这是一种‘我们对抗他们’的心态。

When I went online to search for answers, I had an influencer telling me the world hates men, which really felt true, and it kind of distorted my worldview where it got painted over this whole brush where I started to feel that was really true, that everyone hates men. So it's an us versus them.

威尔的世界观变得扭曲、变形且不切实际。他开始把每个人都视为敌人。威尔说他用同样的眼光看待所有人，这是一个习语，意为不公平地认为所有人都具有某个人的不良品质。

Will's view of the world became distorted, twisted out of shape, and unrealistic. He started seeing everyone as an enemy. Will says he painted everyone with the same brush, an idiom meaning to unfairly think everyone has the same bad qualities as a certain person.

威尔将世界视为‘我们对抗他们’，这个短语用来表示两个对立群体之间的敌意。在这种情况下，指的是男性圈子的男人和其他所有人，尤其是女性、进步人士和主流媒体，他认为这些人想要限制他们的权力。

Will saw the world as us versus them, a phrase which is used to show hostility between two opposing groups. In this case, the men in the manosphere and everyone else, especially women, progressives and the mainstream media, who he believed wanted to limit their power.

幸运的是，威尔在男性圈子在线世界的经历结束了，但在此之前，他的心理健康已经恶化到崩溃的边缘。现在他走访英国各地的学校，向年轻人讲述他的故事，提醒他们始终要对在网上看到和听到的内容保持质疑。

Luckily for Will, his experiences in the online world of the manosphere ended, but not before his mental health had declined to the point of a breakdown. Now he visits schools around The UK telling his story to young people, reminding them always to question what they see and hear online.

好的，菲尔。我认为是时候揭晓你问题的答案了。

Okay, Phil. I think it's time to reveal the answer to your question.

没错。我问你，有多少英国年轻男性会定期接触网络上的男性气质影响？

Yes. I asked you how many British young men regularly engage with masculinity influences online?

而我回答的是，三分之二。

And I said a, two thirds.

这是正确答案。答得好。

Which was the correct answer. Well done.

谢谢。好的，我们来回顾一下学到的词汇，从一个简单的目标开始，一个容易被利用的脆弱个体。

Thank you. Okay. Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with an easy target, a vulnerable person who is easily taken advantage of.

虚张声势（Bravado）是指为了给人留下深刻印象而表现出的勇敢或自信。

Bravado is a show of bravery or confidence to impress people.

短语'引号内引用（quote unquote）'可用于表示你在重复他人的话，特别是当你不同意时。

The phrase quote unquote could be used to show you are repeating someone else's words, especially if you do not agree.

扭曲的事物是指其形状已发生畸变，显得怪异或不自然。

Something which is distorted has become misshapen so that it looks strange or unnatural.

'我们对抗他们'这一短语用于表现两个对立群体间的敌意。

The phrase 'us versus them' is used to show hostility between two opposing groups.

最后，若你用同一把刷子涂抹所有人（以偏概全），就是武断地认为每个人都具有某人的相同缺点。我们的六分钟时间又到了，但如果你喜欢本期节目，何不查看配套的工作表和测验题呢？它们现已在bbclearningenglish.com上提供。暂时先道别了。

And finally, if you paint everyone with the same brush, you unfairly think everyone has the same bad qualities of one person. Once again, our six minutes are up, but if you enjoyed this episode, why not check out the worksheet and quiz, both available now at bbclearningenglish.com. Goodbye for now.

再见。这里是六分钟英语，来自bbclearningenglish.com。

Goodbye. Six Minute English. From bbclearningenglish.com.