阅读_914 - 方舟与火车类比

这种系统组合正是生态系统强大的关键。

This combination of systems is what makes the ecosystem powerful.

闪电网络擅长私密、快速的点对点支付，而ARK则提供共享容量和简洁性。

Lightning excels at private, fast peer to peer payments, while ARK provides shared capacity and simplicity.

它们共同使比特币更具灵活性。

Together, they make Bitcoin more flexible.

闪电网络处理快速交易，而ARK则在幕后确保系统平稳运行。

Lightning handles the quick shipments, and ARK keeps the train running smoothly behind the scenes.

比特币领域的精华尽在Audible。

The best in Bitcoin made Audible.

我是盖伊·斯旺，这里是《比特币可听》。

I am Guy Swan, and this is Bitcoin Audible.

大家好，最近怎么样？

What is up, guys?

欢迎回到《比特币可听》。

Welcome back to Bitcoin Audible.

我是盖伊·斯旺，一个比你认识的所有人都更了解比特币的人。

I am Guy Swan, the guy who has read more about Bitcoin than anybody else you know.

今天我们有个精彩的小节目。

We've got a great little show today.

这次会先读一段短文，然后来段长篇大论，不过我喜欢用个好比喻。

This is gonna be a short read and followed by a kinda long rant, but I love a good analogy.

还有Paco Paco V m，希望我发音正确。

And Paco Paco V m, I hope I'm saying that by right the right way.

希望这不是一个全名，而是像pacom或pakovum这样的简称。

I hope it's like not like a full name and it's like pacom or pakovum.

我的运气大概是某个德语拼写，说明我就是个白痴，我觉得这像是某种技术。

My luck is probably some German spelling of something that I'm just an idiot and I think it's like a a tech.

就像是，Paco CTV。

Like, it's like, Paco CTV.

显然这是虚拟机的缩写。

Clearly, it's an acronym for virtual machine.

所以我提前道歉，如果我搞砸了整个节目的话。

So I future apologize for that if I've already screwed that up for the whole show.

但这是个很好的类比，能直观地理解ARC是什么。

But this was a really great analogy on just kind of visual visualizing what ARC is.

因为我觉得ARC确实很难理解。

Because I think ARC ARC is really hard to wrap your head around.

这是个非常微妙的系统。

It is a very nuanced system.

但它的美妙之处在于你不需要任何入门流程。

And the beauty of it though is that you don't have any of this onboarding.

你基本上信任ARC提供商或运营商，他们提前承担流动性风险，所有人从一开始就批量提供流动性。

You're you're basically trusting the or the the ARC provider, the ARC operator, so to speak, is offering up, is is putting the liquidity at risk ahead of time, and everybody is batching liquidity from the outset.

所以你不需要开通通道，可以直接在ARC内接收付款，提供商或ASP会帮你桥接进出闪电网络，实现所有这些互操作。

So you don't have to open up a channel, you can just start receiving payments immediately inside the ARC and the provider or the the ASP will bridge you in and out of Lightning and it makes all of this interop together.

基本上，所有部分都能协同工作，使用同一种语言。

Base basically, all of it work together and speak the same language.

因此我认为这样的系统能带来巨大的效益，我在后续讨论中提到，这实际上就是人们谈论已久的所谓'批量通道'或'通道工厂系统'。

And so I think there's a massive amount of benefit that comes from a system like this, and I I say in the the take afterward that I think this is really kind of the quote unquote batch channel or or the channel factory system that has been talked about for quite some time.

我认为这是一种有趣的方式，本质上实现了相同的概念或相同的使用场景，可以说扮演着相同的角色。

I think this is kind of an interesting way to pull off essentially the same concept or the same use case, I guess, serve the same role.

Paco在这方面做得非常出色，就像这样。

And so Paco does a fantastic job of just like, okay.

让我们打个比方，这样就能有个心理图像来开始应用具体细节。

Let's let's put an analogy on this so that there's a mental image to start applying the specifics to.

要知道，类比只能到此为止。

And, you know, an analogy only goes so far.

有件事我经常听到人们说：'永远不该使用类比'。

That's one thing I everybody is always like, oh, analogy should never be used.

但其实不是这样的。

It's like, well, no.

使用类比是因为它们能极其有效地描绘出细节的轮廓。

Analogies are used because they work excruciatingly well to paint a picture for where to put the details.

你必须先用类比，让人们脑海中形成画面。

Like, you have to start with the analogy so that people have a picture in their in their mind.

然后当你学习到系统更具体的细节或更深层的内容时，你就能在脑海中建立关联进行修改，开始构建其他画面，并逐渐形成独立的心智模型。

And then when you learn the more specifics or the the deeper details of the system, you you now have a relationship to edit or a relationship in your mind to make changes to to start building some other picture and begin to have a mental model for it by itself as its thing.

但类比就像是个引子。

But the analogy is like an introduction.

它不应该也永远不会是完整的图景。

It isn't supposed to be and it's never the whole picture.

关键在于用真正易于理解的方式来理解各种关系。

It's just about understanding relationships in ways that are actually relatable.

所以我不明白为什么有人讨厌类比，仅仅因为有些人...我想这种挫败感在于，有些人理解了类比后就止步于表面应用，而不再深入探究。

So I don't understand the hate for analogies just because some people I I I guess the frustration is that some people will understand the analogy and then they'll just apply the analogy and they'll never learn it any deeper.

这就好比...好吧，这其实是个普遍存在的问题。

And it's like, well, that doesn't that that's a universal problem.

你其实是在表达对无知的厌恶。

You're just saying that you hate ignorance.

但一个恰当的类比至少能让无知者在80%的情况下找到正确方向。

But a decent analogy could even make ignorant people at least fall in the right place, like, you know, 80% of the time.

总之，类比非常有用。

Anyway, analogies are great.

这就是我的观点。

That's my point.

如果你一直对ARK感到困惑，这个类比就很合适。

And this is a good one if you've been confused about ARK.

感谢ledden.i0提供的比特币抵押贷款服务以及对本节目的支持。

Shout out to ledden.i0 for their Bitcoin backed loans and for supporting the show.

当你需要动用比特币却不愿出售时，这是个绝佳工具——无论是用于投资还是短期资金需求。在不合时宜时抛售可能导致税务问题，或让你损失比实际需要更多的比特币。

If you need access to your Bitcoin, but you don't want to sell it, this is a great tool to have for an investment or for short term need for capital, or selling at the wrong time could be bad for taxes or just bad for your situation or cost you a lot more Bitcoin than you otherwise would need to.

快去了解一下吧。

Check them out.

我在节目备注里为你准备了专属链接和特别折扣。

I got a link and a special discount for you right down in the notes.

另外，关于我们的公钥。

Also, out PubKey.

他们拥有完整的协议栈PKDNS，这是一种无法阻挡的技术，能真正定位服务器、个人或车辆。

They have an entire stack, PKDNS, an unstoppable way to actually find and locate a server or a person, a car.

他们实际上已经开发出工具来重新去中心化网络。

They've literally created tools to re decentralize the web.

这里展示几个应用场景：通过pubkey环和pubkey.app（pubky.app）可以实现的功能。

And just showing some of the things you can do with it with pubkey ring and pubkey.app, pubky.app.

访问了解他们正在构建的蓝图。

Check it out to get a window into what they're building.

还可以从Chroma获取一些夜视镜。

And get some nightshades from Chroma.

这是getchroma.co官网。

This is getchroma.co.

可享9折优惠，建议每晚7、8点佩戴。

You can get a 10% discount, and you need to wear them every night at like seven or 08:00.

直接戴上就行。

Just put them on.

这款蓝色阻隔镜会保留紫色光谱带，既不影响荷尔蒙和昼夜节律，又能比常见的红色滤镜或蓝光眼镜呈现更丰富的色彩层次——普通产品往往会把所有画面染红。

These are blue like blocking glasses that actually leave a band of purple that is not affect that does not affect your hormones or your circadian rhythm, but lets you see more color depth than the red block or the blue light blocking glasses that usually just red wash everything.

设计非常酷炫，我个人强烈推荐，还为大家争取了专属折扣。

They're really cool, and I'm a big fan of them, and I got a discount for you.

最后是HRF组织及其财务自由报告。

Lastly, the HRF and their financial freedom report.

此外，他们即将在明年举办Osso自由论坛。

Also, they have the Osso Freedom Forum, which is coming up next year.

链接和详情请查看节目说明。

Links and details are down in the show notes.

关注他们，一如既往地为他们出色的工作和对Bitcoin Audible的支持点赞。

Follow them, and a shout out as always for their amazing work and for supporting Bitcoin Audible.

好的。

Alright.

那么，我们开始今天的内容。

With that, let's get into today's article.

文章标题是《Arc与火车类比：理解比特币铁路系统的指南》，作者PacoVM。

And it's titled, Arc and the Train Analogy, a Guide to Understanding Bitcoin's Railway System by PacoVM.

事实证明，理解ARK出人意料地困难。

Understanding ARK has proven surprisingly difficult.

即便在其推出两年半后，很明显仍有许多业内人士难以准确理解其实际运作机制。

Even after two and a half years since its introduction, it's still very clear that many people even within the industry struggle to form an accurate mental model of how it actually works.

这段时间协议经历了多次变更，但都没有改变其基本设计。

The protocol has gone through many changes during that time, though none that alter its fundamental design.

本文假设读者已掌握比特币核心概念，如UTXO模型和多签，这些对理解ARK至关重要。

This article assumes the reader already understands key Bitcoin concepts like the UTXO model and multisig as they're essential to grasping ARK.

本文并非要深入ARK的每个技术细节——类比在更细微处会失效——而是帮助读者更清晰地构建ARK是什么、如何运作以及如何融入比特币可扩展性拼图的认知框架。

It isn't meant to dive deep into every technical aspect of ARK, as with more nuance, the analogy starts to fall short, but rather to help you build a clearer mental picture of what ARK is, how it works, and how it fits into the Bitcoin scalability puzzle.

要理解ARK，最好从比特币本身这个基础出发，通过更具体的视角重新构想。

To make sense of ARK, it helps to start from the foundation, Bitcoin itself, and reimagine it through a more tangible lens.

将比特币视为一个全球物流网络，它是所有货物最终都必须登记在册的终极账本。

Think of Bitcoin as a global logistics network, the ultimate registry where every shipment must eventually be recorded.

它极其可靠且始终如一。

It's extremely reliable and consistent.

每个在区块中登记交易的包裹都确保已送达，既不会丢失也无法更改。

Every package that gets registered transactions in a block is guaranteed to have arrived and cannot be lost or changed.

该系统已取得巨大成功，当发送货物的人数超过网络即时处理能力时，队列就会增长。

The system has become extremely successful, and as more people start sending shipments than the network can fit it once, the queue grows.

并非系统处理速度变慢——包裹仍以常规速度送达，只是部分交付需要排队等候。

It's not that the system slows down packages continue to arrive at their usual pace, but some deliveries have to wait their turn.

任何人都可通过支付更高费用插队，但这会抬高其他排队者的运输成本。

Anyone can pay a higher fee to jump ahead, but that makes shipping more expensive for everyone else who wants to join the line.

不断增长的队列实际上是成功的标志，但也凸显出需要更先进的运输方法来高效处理日常交付。

The growing line is actually a sign of success, but it also highlights the need for more advanced transportation methods to handle everyday deliveries efficiently.

这就是二层系统的用武之地。

That's where Layer two systems come in.

它们是专门处理日常运输的专业网络，同时仍依赖比特币进行记录和最终清算。

They are specialized transport networks that handle most of the day to day movement while still relying on Bitcoin for recording and final accountability.

多年来，闪电网络一直是主要的快递服务。

For years, the Lightning Network has been the main express courier service.

它快速、轻量，非常适合双方之间的即时直达交付。

It's fast, lightweight, and perfect for quick, direct deliveries between two parties.

但有个前提条件。

But there's a catch.

你需要运营自己的快递路线——一个闪电网络节点，这需要协调能力和流动性，且只有当他人已建立通向你的路径时，你才能接收包裹。

You need to run your own courier route, a Lightning node, which takes coordination and liquidity, and you can only receive a package if someone has already set up a path to send one your way.

如今大多数自托管闪电钱包都能自动为你开通路径。

Most self custodial Lightning wallets today open a route for you automatically.

若你不具备经济能力或不懂如何运营自己的快递路线，也无法支付通向自己的路径费用，那么你唯一的选择就是将包裹交给他人运营的快递服务（托管方），并寄希望于他们不会管理不善。

If you don't have the economic capacity or know how to run your own courier or pay for a route to yourself, your only option is to send your packages to someone else's courier, a custodian, and trust that it won't mismanage them.

这时ARC系统应运而生——这个互补系统更像公共铁路，一列巨型火车同时承载无数货物。

Enter ARC a complementary system that acts more like a public railway a massive train carrying countless shipments at once.

火车的运载能力近乎无限，因此你无需建立自己的配送路线，只需登上列车就能与车上所有人开始交易。

The train's capacity is virtually infinite, so instead of needing your own delivery route, you can simply hop on board and start trading with everyone else already on the train.

ARK旨在让比特币支付更易用，特别适合不愿处理复杂路由或流动性配置的用户。

ARK is designed to make Bitcoin payments more accessible, especially for users who don't want to manage complex routing or liquidity setups.

其运作原理如下。

Here's how it works.

你通过将比特币发送至兼容ARC的钱包来登上列车。

You board the train by sending your Bitcoin to an ARC compatible wallet.

这会创建一个特殊的链下余额，代表你的个人货物，称为VTXO（虚拟交易输出）。

This creates a special off chain balance that represents your personal cargo, called a VTXO, or a virtual transaction output.

你的VTXO就像列车内贴有标签的货物。

Your VTXO is like a labelled shipment inside the train.

它属于你，但会与列车内其他乘客的货物一同移动。

It belongs to you, but it moves along within the train alongside other passengers' cargo.

列车本身使用主账本上的共享容器来集体承载所有货物，将每个人的货物锚定在比特币网络上。

The train itself uses shared containers on the main ledger to hold all the cargo collectively, anchoring everyone's shipments to Bitcoin.

一旦登车，您就能快速、低成本地与车上任何人即时交易，无需等待链上确认。

Once on board, you can transact instantly with anyone else on the train fast, cheap, and without waiting for on chain confirmations.

列车由被称为ARC服务器或ARC运营方的服务提供商运营。

The train is operated by a service provider known as an ARC server or ARC operator.

他们负责协调列车内发生的所有交易。

They help coordinate all transactions happening inside the train.

当您付款时，您和ARC服务器会共同签署一份小型加密合约，以证明转账已完成。

When you make a payment, both you and the ARC server cosign a small cryptographic contract that proves the transfer happened.

您需要运营方协助运输货物，但无需获得其许可。

You need the operator's help to move your goods, but not their permission.

ARC服务器并非传统意义上控制您的货物，它只是协助办理文书工作以确保一切顺利运转。

The ARC server doesn't control your cargo in a traditional sense it merely helps facilitate the paperwork that keeps everything moving smoothly.

这些链下转账在官方术语中被称为'轮外交易'或简称'预确认'。

These off chain transfers are officially known as out of round transactions or simply pre confirmation.

ARC运营方会定期整理列车上的正式乘客名单及其携带货物，并记录在比特币账本上。

Every so often the ARC operator takes an official passenger list of everyone on the train along with the cargo they are carrying and records it on the Bitcoin ledger.

最终生成的记录称为'刷新'，本质上就是所有余额的定期结算。

The resulting record is called a refresh, which is nothing more than a periodic settlement of all balances.

您可以将其理解为将每位乘客的最终个人货物转移到主账本上的新共享容器中。

You can think of this as moving each passenger's resulting personal cargo into a new shared container on the main ledger.

一旦货物进入新容器，就无法再被篡改，确保其成为比特币全球货运账本中的已验证条目。

Once your cargo is in that new container, it can no longer be tampered with, ensuring it becomes a verified entry in Bitcoin's global shipping ledger.

术语'Arc服务器'与'Arc运营方'可互换使用。

The terms Arc Server and Arc Operator are interchangeable.

虽然Arc Server是首选术语，但在某些情境下Arc Operator更容易理解，比如这个类比。

While Arc Server is the preferred term, Arc Operator is simply easier to understand under certain contexts, for example, this analogy.

简而言之，预先确认或非轮次交易会在货物易手时追踪火车上的交易。

To put it simply, pre confirmed or out of round transactions track trades on the train as shipments change hands.

刷新操作将货物放入新的共享容器，使余额正式归属并立即可交易，且操作者或前所有者无法撤销。

Refreshes place the cargo in a new shared container, making balances officially owned and immediately tradable, with no risk of reversal by the operator or previous owner.

被列入乘客名单需支付小额费用，但巧妙之处在于此。

Being included in the passenger list costs a small fee, but here's the clever part.

费用由名单上的所有人分摊，参与者越多费用越低。

The fee is shared among everyone on the list, making it cheaper the more participants there are.

您无需出现在下一批名单中，若信任操作者诚信，可等待未来更合适的时机；若需绝对确保货物安全，也可选择更快转移到新共享容器。

You don't have to appear in the next list, you can wait for a more convenient time in the future if you trust the operator to act honestly, or you can choose to move to a new shared container sooner if you want absolute certainty about your cargo.

无论哪种方式，您始终保留随时下车并在比特币账本上直接取回资金的权利。

Either way, you always retain the ability to exit the train and reclaim your funds directly on the Bitcoin ledger whenever you want.

这形成了一种独特的信任模型：ARC操作者协助处理交易，但未经您同意无法动用您的代币。

This creates a unique trust model where the ARC operator helps process your transactions, but can't spend your coins without your consent.

若产生疑虑，您只需加入下一批乘客名单将余额公开锚定在比特币上，一旦获得比特币全球账本确认，即刻消除所有风险。

If you ever feel unsure, you can simply get in the next passenger list to anchor your balance publicly on Bitcoin, removing all risk the moment it gets confirmed on Bitcoin's global ledger.

用户依赖操作者是为了便利，而非托管。

Users rely on the operator for convenience, not custody.

但需谨记：该系统允许通过与操作者协调，在极其特殊的情况下恢复资金。

But it's important to remember that the system allows for recovery of funds in incredibly knit cases by coordinating with the operator.

例如，当您将货物发送到火车内存在单向故障门的容器时（如无效地址或故障智能合约），这种情况就会发生——更常见的说法是可证明无法花费的输出。

For example, this could happen if you send your goods to a container within the train that has a faulty door that only opens one way, like an invalid address or a faulty smart contract, more commonly known as provably unexpendable outputs.

之所以能实现这种恢复，是因为货物在记入全球航运账本之前都不会真正完成结算。

This recovery is possible because the cargo isn't truly finalized until it's anchored in the global shipping ledger.

需要强调的是，这代表最坏的情况，几乎不可能发生。

It's worth emphasizing that this represents the worst case scenario and is expected to almost never occur.

你随时可以将货物从火车上卸下，直接返回到比特币账本。

At any moment, you can also unload your cargo from the train and return directly to the Bitcoin ledger.

这就是我们所说的单边退出机制。

This is what we call unilateral exit.

或者你可以通过闪电网络转移余额，就像使用快递服务那样到达另一处的ARC列车，或网络中的任何其他人，无论他们是否在使用ARC列车。

Or you can transfer your balance through the Lightning Network using it like an express courier to reach another ARC train somewhere else or anyone else in the network, whether or not they're using an ARC train.

这种系统组合正是生态系统强大的原因。

This combination of systems is what makes the ecosystem powerful.

闪电网络擅长快速私密的点对点支付，而ARK则提供共享容量和简易性。

Lightning excels at fast private peer to peer payments, while ARK provides shared capacity and simplicity.

二者结合使比特币更具灵活性。

Together they make Bitcoin more flexible.

闪电网络处理快速运输，ARK则在幕后保障列车平稳运行。

Lightning handles the quick shipments, and ARK keeps the trains running smoothly behind the scenes.

最终目标不是用一种系统替代另一种，而是构建一个互联的物流网络，融合快递服务和公共铁路，全部锚定在同一个可信赖的登记系统——比特币上。

Ultimately, it's not about replacing one system with another, it's about building an interconnected logistics network, a mix of express couriers and public railways, all anchored on the same trusted, reliable registry, Bitcoin.

本节目由ledn.io赞助播出，ledn.io。

This show is brought to you by ledn.io, ledn.io.

他们提供简单的比特币抵押贷款服务。

These guys offer simple Bitcoin backed loans.

他们是彻头彻尾的比特币信徒，而且我们不久前还邀请了他们的一位联合创始人毛里西奥上过这档节目。

They are Bitcoiners through and through, and we actually had Mauricio, one of their cofounders, on this show not too long ago.

那是在我们讨论赞助事宜之前，如果你还没听过的话，那真是一次精彩的对话。

This was before we were talking about sponsorship or anything, and it was a fantastic conversation if you haven't heard it.

关于这一切如何发生的故事确实非常离奇。

The story about how all this came about is really wild.

我强烈推荐大家去听。

I definitely recommend it.

但他们提供非常简单的贷款条款和再融资流程，真的是一切都很简单。

But they have very simple loan terms and very simple refinancing and every like, literally everything is just easy.

如果你曾接触过法币信贷世界，第一次获得比特币抵押贷款时绝对会颠覆你的认知——甚至可能因为操作太简单而让人担心。

If you've ever dealt with the fiat credit world, your mind will be blown the first time you get a Bitcoin backed loan, and that might even be a bad thing because it's so easy to do.

但这是用比特币获取法币的绝佳方式，特别是当你短期内需要资金，或者考虑某项你认为收益跑不赢比特币的投资时。

But this is a great way to to get some fiat out of your Bitcoin, especially if you need it in a short time span, or you are looking for an investment that you just don't think will beat Bitcoin.

你可以不真正出售比特币就获得法币流动性。

You can get fiat out of your Bitcoin without actually selling it.

去了解一下他们吧。

Check them out.

我在节目说明里为你准备了专属链接和小额折扣。

I have a special link and a little discount right down for you in the show notes.

好了。

Alright.

你们知道的，我最喜欢打比方了，我认为这个类比能非常好地诠释ARC的运作模式——而且它还是互补型的。

You know me, I love a good analogy, and I think this is a really, really great way to frame what ARC does, and the fact that it's complementary.

我看到很多人讨论ARC不如闪电网络，好像ARC和闪电网络之间存在某种竞争。

I have seen so many people talk about that ARC is not better than lightning, and like there's just there's supposedly this contest between ARC and lightning.

我完全不明白这种说法，因为ARC的真正优势在于你可以轻松地在其中设置闪电网络。

And I don't I don't get that at all because the real benefit of ARC is that every you you can easily actually set up Lightning within it.

如果你以常规方式使用ARC交易，那么它的行为基本上就像一个链上地址。

You know, like, if you're using a normal ARC transaction the normal way that an ARC uses transactions, then basically, it behaves like an on chain address.

你与它的交互感觉有点像在使用液态网络或其他类似技术。

Your your interaction with it will feel like kinda like you're using liquid or something.

实际上，感觉就像在使用比特币，只不过看起来是即时到账的。

Well, actually, it will feel like you're using Bitcoin except that it will appear to be instant.

尽管从技术上讲并非如此。

Even though it's technically not.

对吧？

Right?

在所谓的'上链盖章'之前，这段时间就像是一笔待处理的交易。

You have this this period until you're quote, unquote stamped on chain in which it's kind of like a pending transaction.

你仍然可以单方面将其上链，而且Ark已经提供了流动性。

It's you can still take it to chain unilaterally, and the Ark has put up liquidity.

这是一笔有效的比特币交易，你可以将其上链，但需要时间锁来自行完成，而且你要相信在这段'盖章'期间ARC不会与前所有者串通。

Like, it's a valid Bitcoin transaction, and you can take it to chain, but it requires the time lock to do so by yourself, and you're trusting that the arc doesn't collude with a previous owner in the time that it's, you know, between quote unquote stamps on the chain.

但一旦在链上盖章，无论余额多少，你就拥有了一个'安全'的余额，这笔交易在链上完全有效，之后无法被争议。

But as soon it is as it is stamped on the chain, whatever that balance is, you basically have a quote, unquote secure balance that is literally yours, and that transaction is completely valid on chain, and it cannot be contested after that point.

但在我看来，这个方案作为扩容解决方案的明显优势，以及它与闪电网络的完美结合，甚至不在于你可以简单地用它来在ARC内收发交易。

But the obvious benefit or the obvious of my thinking in how this is such a great scaling solution and and how this ties so well into Lightning isn't even that you can just use it in the naive sense where you're, you know, sending and receiving transactions inside the Arc.

如果你想支付，Arc会为你完成闪电网络发票，然后你支付给ARC。

And then if you wanna pay out, the Arc will fulfill a Lightning invoice for you and you pay the ARC.

所以ARC基本上就像是你的闪电网络服务提供商，但你可以直接开启一笔交易作为闪电通道，就像余额一样。

So so the ARC is basically like your lightning service provider as well, but that you can literally open a transaction as a lightning channel, like a balance.

如果你在ARC中有10万聪，你实际上可以开启一个10万聪的通道连接到ARC中的任何其他人，然后根据需要在ARC内外与其他运行闪电节点的人建立任意多条路由。

So if you have a 100,000 SATs in the ARC, you can actually have it open a 100,000 SAT channel to anyone else in the ARC, and then have that and or as many other routes into and out of the ARC with other people inside the arc who are running Lightning nodes as you want.

所以你不需要让arc来完成支付，因为这些比特币交易既可以轻松成为闪电通道，也可以是普通的比特币交易。

So you don't have to have the arc fulfill your payment because they are Bitcoin transactions that could just as easily be Lightning channels as they could be a normal Bitcoin transaction.

然后闪电通道中的这些交易是链下的，或者我猜是脱离arc的链下交易。

And then those transactions in the Lightning channel are off chain or I guess off arc off chain transactions.

现在使用闪电网络遇到的麻烦是，这种方式会导致时间锁层层叠加。

Now the headache with that that you get into with Lightning is that with doing it this way is that you're kind of stacking time locks.

所以你不得不处理一堆时间锁如何解除的差异以及你实际在做什么。

So you're you're you have to, like, deal with a bunch of, like, differences in how the time locks unravel and what you're actually doing.

这正是为什么你只会在被'盖章'的情况下这么做——也就是你的通道或余额被'盖章'过，这样你才能实际将其上链。

And this is this is exactly why, you know, you would only want to do that with a stamped one where your quote unquote your channel or your balance was stamped so that you can actually take it to chain.

我确信在某些特定场景下还有更多细节需要考虑，比如你不能简单地认为可以毫无障碍地把闪电网络直接套用在ARC上运行，因为时间锁差异以及ARC内部级联时间锁等机制的工作方式不同。

Now, I'm sure there are more nuances in like certain scenarios as to how you would actually do like, don't think you can just, you know, without any headaches or any complications, just take lightning as is and and plug it, like, run it on top of ARC because of the differences in those time locks and how the cascading time locks and all the stuff work inside the ARC.

但在我看来，这基本上实现了我们长期讨论的通道工厂的功能。

But in my mind, this basically serves the role of the channel factory that we've talked about for so long.

只是架构不同而已，因为原先那种让每个人通过多重签名建立通道、在多人之间分割通道的想法需要太多协调工作，不如让一个中心运营商来允许所有人开启这些通道更合理。

It's just a different architecture because the idea of having channels with everybody in like a like a multisig, everybody everybody has a channel and you're splitting it up among amongst amongst a bunch of different people was just such a coordination effort that it makes more sense to have kind of a central operator that's allowing everyone to open those channels.

但无论如何，无论你是简单地将其用于普通交易，还是用来开启闪电通道，这都是一个批处理系统。

But regardless, whether or not you're using it in a naive sense where it's just normal normal transactions or you're opening lightning channels, this is a batching system.

这就是我喜欢火车类比的原因，因为它确实准确展示了本质。

This is and I love the train analogy because that that does show exactly what it is.

这是一个批量UTXO系统，CTV和CSFs的核心意义就在于此，好吧。

This is a batch UTXO system, which has always been the point of CTV and CSFs is like, okay.

我们如何创建一个系统，让一个UTXO可以更新，并基本承载100人或1000人比特币的证明？

How can we create a system where one UTXO can be updated and it basically holds the proof of a 100 different people's Bitcoins or a thousand different people's Bitcoins.

因为这才是实现扩容的唯一可行方案。

Because that's the only real way we're going to scale this thing.

这就是我不理解某些人的地方，比如Shockmet的Justin在Noster上声称Arc是骗局，说应该直接用零确认闪电通道之类的。

And this is what doesn't I I don't get with some of the people who like Justin, from Shockmet was, talking on Noster and talking about how, like, Arc was a scam and you should just use a zero comp lightning channel and all this stuff.

我当时就想，好吧。

I was like, well, sure.

如果你要为链上每笔交易都开闪电通道，那还不如直接考虑批量处理闪电通道。

If you're gonna open a lightning channel for every single thing on chain, but it also like, you could just you could literally just think about it like batching lightning channels.

如果你有个批量闪电通道，每个人都通过连接器接入——这本质上就是内建CTV（虽然没使用CTV）的理念。

And if you have a a batch lightning channel where everybody has a a connector, which is kind of the the idea of a a CTV that's built into our that's not using CTV.

它没有连接到下一笔交易形成约束，而是用迂回的方式实现了相同功能，本质上就是所谓的'契约'。

It's not using a connection to this next transaction where only this transaction can actually unravel this, but it's doing it in a weird roundabout sense as accomplishing the same task, a quote unquote covenant basically.

如果能做到这点，你实际上是在加速人们接入闪电网络。

If you can do that, what you're doing is you're just making it so that people can onboard to lightning faster.

如果你愿意等待零确认通道（即通道未链上确认就直接使用），那这和Arc中的待处理交易或未完成交易有什么区别？

And if you're willing to wait for a, you know, zero comp channel, which which is basically like you open a channel and even though it's not confirmed on chain, you just go ahead and start using it, then what's the difference with having a pending transaction or a out of round transaction inside of an arc?

本质上两者都尚未最终完成。

It's not they're both they're both not completely done yet.

它们并非‘确认’状态

They're not quote, unquote confirmed.

虽然这些交易尚未盖章，但你可以直接使用

They're not stamped transactions yet, but you can just go ahead and use them.

至于ARC的情况，你只是和大约一千人共同分摊

And in the case of the ARC, you're just splitting it with, you know, maybe a thousand other people.

所以即使交易费涨到10美元，你实际只需支付1美分，因为你是和上千人在同一时段内分摊盖章费用

So if the transaction fee does get up to, like, $10, well, it still only cost you a penny because you're sharing it with a thousand other people trying to get stamped in this particular period of time.

有趣的是当使用人数不多时，如果交易费很低就无所谓了

And what's funny is when there aren't that many people using it, if transaction fees are low, then it doesn't really matter.

比如现在比特币的常规交易费对我来说完全没问题

Like, my normal transaction fees on Bitcoin are totally fine right now.

目前我甚至不太考虑用闪电网络还是链上比特币，因为差异并不大

I don't even really think much about using Lightning versus Bitcoin on chain at the moment because the the difference just isn't that much.

我完全根据是否想快速付款或账户余额情况来随意切换使用

I literally just use them in interchangeably based on whether or not I want I want to pay somebody quickly or really if I have the just the balance available.

我在肯尼亚合作的开发团队帮忙开发基于Pear Drive的游戏，我就是通过闪电网络支付报酬的

You know, I I the developers that I work with in Kenya, that have been helping with the the game built on Pear Drive stuff, I pay over Lightning.

这并不难

And it's not hard.

确实可行

It it works.

在我看来，这基本上就是闪电网络实现真正扩容的必由之路

This to me feels like basically, always the way that Lightning was going to really scale.

因为闪电网络本身，你无法让每个人都轻松拥有一个链上的UTXO和通道。

Because Lightning itself, you can't have everybody have an on chain, you know, UTXO and channel easily.

我的意思是，80亿人即使每人一个通道，交易量也会大得惊人。

Like, it still takes, I mean, 8,000,000,000 people is just a shit ton of transactions even if every single one of them is a channel.

所以总会存在某种批量通道系统。

So there was always going to be some sort of a batch channel system.

关于扩容问题还有另一个关键点。

And here's the other thing about the scaling problem.

你知道，我读过一些观点说这不是真正的扩容，因为如果所有人同时出问题就无法上链。

You know, I've read a number from people who talk about, like, this isn't real scaling because you can't take it to chain if everybody has a problem all at once.

但问题在于，这恰恰就是扩容的本质。

And the thing is is that that's not that is exactly what scaling is though.

当然这是事实，但如果批量系统失效，任何强制措施或物流系统都无法运作。

Like, of course, this is true, but there's not a single kind of enforcement or logistic system that can work if your batching systems failed.

用集装箱运输来类比，如果铁路瘫痪，你不得不把所有货物转用卡车运输——比如火车头爆炸或铁轨被炸毁——这根本无法扩容。

Like, mean, just think about it in this this simple analogy of the shipping containers, like, if if the trains fail and you have to put everything on a truck because, you know, a a train engine blew up or a track got blown up or something, it doesn't it doesn't scale.

你不可能把所有包裹和物资都改用卡车运输，还能保持完全相同的运输速度和成本。

Like, you can't you can't take all of those packages and all of those materials and then stick them all on trucks and deliver them in exactly the same pace and for the exact same cost.

显然，使用铁路运输的成本和时间效益是完全不同的。

Like, obviously, using the train gets you a different cost and a different time to actually accomplish those things.

这正是使其成为扩容方案的关键所在，前提是它正常运作的时间远多于故障时间。

That is literally what makes it a scaling solution, and the assumption is that it's going to work properly more often than it breaks.

这基本上就是扩容方案成为真正解决方案所需满足的唯一前提假设。

And that's basically the only assumption that has to be made in the context of scaling for it to actually be a proper scaling solution.

越容易崩溃的扩容方案就越糟糕。

Now the more likely it is to break, the crappier the scaling solution it is.

但正因如此，你必须设置单边退出机制、连接器，采用CTV和多重签名等技术——这些设计都是为了确保除非发生意外，否则系统根本没有崩溃的动机。

But that's exactly why you must have things like unilateral exit, and you have these connectors or why it would be better to have CTV and why you have multisig and all of these things, is so that there's no incentive for it to break unless there is literally an accident.

这样就不存在明确的作弊机制或欲望，因为99%的情况下作弊只会让你损失金钱、声誉、时间等，总之作弊几乎总会让你得不偿失。

So that there's no there there's no mechanism or desire for explicit cheating because cheating is more often than not 90% of the time, 99% of the time gonna be resulting in you losing money or losing reputation or losing time or, you know, anything, like, just that you lose if you try to cheat 99% of the time.

告诉我什么是99%情况下都有效的？

And tell me what works 99% of the time.

现实中到底有什么能99%确保有效？

What out there really works 99% of the time?

比如某人犯罪后，99%的概率会被抓住吗？

Like, if 99% of the time that somebody commits a crime, do they get caught?

受害者能得到赔偿吗？

Do the victims get compensated?

当然他妈的不可能。

Absolutely fucking not.

说实话，我敢说这个比例可能低得可怜。

Like, maybe honestly, I bet it's a significant minority of the time.

我敢说大部分犯罪根本无人报案，而且现行司法体系根本不可能同时处理经济中所有交易纠纷、每起犯罪和冲突——如果它们同时爆发的话。

I bet the majority of crimes go unreported, and there is absolutely no way at all that the court system as designed could handle every single transaction, every single crime, every single little conflict or dispute everywhere in the economy if it all broke down at once.

当然。

Of course.

当然。

Of course.

它永远无法做到这一点。

It would never be able to manage that.

但如果它在事情确实崩溃时表现尚可，大家就有动力不让它崩溃，以防止冲突，通过构建方式来确保我们永远不会走到那一步，因为我们实际上可以预测结果会如何。

But if it does a half decent job when things do break down, everyone's incentivized to not let it break down, to prevent the conflict, to build in ways to make sure that you never actually get to that point because we can actually predict what the outcome is going to be.

你知道，这实际上是所谓的民主制度中一个有趣的现象，它就像试图在没有真正战争的情况下进行战争。

You know, this is actually one of the funny things about quote unquote democracy is that it's like trying to have it's it's like having a war without actually having a war.

我这么说是什么意思呢？

And what do I mean by that?

我不记得是哪篇文章——不，是哪本书了，肯定有本书讨论过这个，我觉得这种表述方式非常有趣。

And I can't remember what article I mean, me, what book there was definitely a book that I was reading about this, and I thought this was a very interesting way to put it.

之所以存在所谓的民主或所谓的暴民统治，以及这种情况会自然出现的原因是——好吧。

Is the reason you have quote unquote democracy or quote unquote mob rule, And why this would naturally come about is is that, okay.

让我们拿这个来说。

Let's take this.

让我们做个假设：无论这个分歧是什么，因为它本质上是需要集体共识的事情，让我们把它推到逻辑终点。

Let's make the assumption that whatever this disagreement is, because it's something that's necessarily collective where we all have to agree on it at once, let's take it to its logical conclusion.

假设我们为此打了一场仗，可以粗略地认为人数多的一方可能会赢。

And let's say we fought a war about this, and we can just kind of make a rough assumption that the group with more people are probably going to win.

所以如果90%的人投这一边，10%的人投另一边，基本上就是说如果真打起来，这边肯定会输。

So if 90% of the people vote one way and 10% of the people vote the other way, we're basically saying that if it was if there was a war, this this side is basically going to lose.

如果演变成武力冲突，你必须极度自信。

If this turns into a fight, you have to be extremely confident.

那10%的人必须个个都极度自信，才敢拿起武器对抗90%的大多数。

Everybody in that 10% has to be extremely confident to be willing to take up arms against the 90%.

这正是这种机制在社会层面得以实现的方式。

And this is even kind of socially how this is even implemented.

这就是最终演变成暴民统治的原因。

This is why it ends up being mob rule.

因为它就是这样，好吧。

It's because it's like, okay.

你知道的，那就来对抗我们吧。

You know, well, fight us.

为何腐蚀这个系统、让人们相信那些胡说八道——比如纯粹的废话，通过谎言操控叙事走向，左右人们对正反派认知的力量如此强大。

And why corrupting that system and making people believe bullshit, like, just nonsense and lying to them about what the narrative is and controlling the narrative and who they think the good guys and the bad guys are is so powerful.

因为仅仅制造混乱，让人们不知道该攻击谁，就意味着你无法形成足够强大的多数派，甚至连坚定的少数派都无法凝聚——缺乏关于需要阻止谁或采取什么行动的共识，最终默认现状就会胜出。

Because merely sowing confusion, merely making it so that no one knows exactly who to attack means that you don't have a strong enough majority or even a strong enough minority set in one way, set it with one idea of who it is that needs to be stopped or what it is that needs to be done, and so the default basically just wins.

就像，好吧。

Like, okay.

那么，现在掌权的是谁？

Well, who's in power now?

既然如此，我们就该放任他们为所欲为。

Well, then they should just then then we should just let them do whatever the hell it is they're doing.

这段题外话的重点在于说明：简单多数原则本质上能创造关于事态发展、规则执行、以及执行主体选择的多数共识，从而维持系统稳定。

Now the point of this tangent is just to explain that a simple majority essentially creates a simple majority of, like, how things unfold or how things are enforced or who or what will be the enforcement mechanism or enforcers of a thing can essentially make the system stable.

而弧交易（arc transactions）或闪电通道交易的理念在于——即便是那些经济上无法强制执行的交易（比如通道里流转着100聪HTLC，而某个通道伙伴试图欺诈你）

And the idea that arc transactions in an arc or transactions in a lightning channel, even those that aren't economically able to be enforced, like, you know, you've got a 100 HTLC going through your channel and one of your channel partners tries to screw you over.

要知道，你可能要花费5000聪才能证明那100聪属于你。

Well, you're not gonna it might it'll cost you 5,000 sats to try to prove that that 100 sats is yours.

但关键在于。

But here's the thing.

如果他们连100聪都偷不走，那这玩意儿还有什么价值可言？

If they can't steal the 100 sats, then what the hell is the value?

如果他们需要花费2000聪或5000聪才能上链抢走你的资产，他们何必费这个劲来坑你？

Why would they even care about trying to screw you out of it if it's gonna take them 2,000 sats or 5,000 sats to publish it on chain and take it from you?

更何况99%的情况下他们都会失败。

And if 99% of the time, they fail.

这就是比特币作为司法体系的美妙之处。

That is the beauty of Bitcoin as a court system.

当你将其视为司法体系时，它本质上是个裁决系统——一个既无法、也永远不可能同时裁决地球上每笔交易和每个人随时发起的支付请求的系统。

When you when you think about it like a court system, it's an adjudication system, and one that cannot adjudicate and will never be able to adjudicate for every single transaction on earth at once and every payment that anybody ever wants at any time.

你永远无法以主权方式为每个人实现这种规模的扩展。

You will never be able to scale that sovereignly for every single person.

但你本就不需要这样做。

But you don't need to.

你只需将其扩展到让犯罪行为或欺诈企图变得无利可图的程度，而在这种情境下，单边退出机制比任何现有方案都更具威力。

You need to scale it to the point that it makes crime or an attempt to steal or defraud unprofitable, and unilateral exit could not be more powerful in that context than basically anything else on the table.

这里有个例子。

And here's the example.

原因如下。

Here's the reason why.

假设你在闪电网络通道里拥有单边退出权，这就像你的银行账户——但要把资产提到链上需要付出巨额成本。

So let's say you have unilateral exit in an arc, and they're basically like your bank account, But it costs a fortune to take things to chain.

假设这会让我付出代价，因为我在发展弧线、决策树和必须解开的路径中的位置，假设我是第一个这么做的人，虽然概念上这并不重要，你无需担心，但关键在于是否已有他人发布，而你正基于他们的分支进行发布。

Let's say it's gonna cost me because of where I am in the arc and the the tree and the path that I have to unravel, let's say, if I'm the first one to do it, which that doesn't matter conceptually, you don't have to worry about that, because it does matter whether or not somebody else has published and then you're publishing from their branch.

但无论如何，假设这是最大可能的代价，我需要花费价值一千美元的比特币，或者说价值百万聪的比特币，将其上链以证明所有权属于我，并且我的‘账户’中确实拥有百万聪。

But regardless, let's just say it's the most that it could be and it's gonna cost me a thousand dollars worth of Bitcoin, or a million sats worth of Bitcoin and, to take it to chain to prove that the ownership is mine, and I have a million sats in my quote unquote account.

而银行试图坑我。

And the bank tries to screw me.

银行试图窃取那笔钱，声称‘这些全部被没收了，因为政府规定，或者因为你的政治立场不对，或者你没接种疫苗，诸如此类的理由’。

The bank tries to steal that money and say that, oh, this is all confiscated, because of the government or because, you know, you have the wrong political opinion or you didn't get your vaccine or whatever it is.

他们能如此胡作非为的原因在于，没有其他人有发言权。

Well, reason they get away with shit like that is because there's no there's nobody else has any say.

我无能为力。

I can't do anything.

眼下，我束手无策。

Right now, I can't do anything.

你知道，卡车司机车队遭遇账户被封、资金被没收的情况。

You know, truckers the the trucker convoy, they get their accounts shut down and their money confiscated.

他们毫无办法。

They can't do anything.

一点办法都没有。

There's nothing.

他们无处申诉。

They have no recourse.

他们只能——好吧，他们只能给议员写一封措辞严厉的信，发发牢骚，在Yelp上给银行留个差评，好像银行会在乎似的，毕竟没人喜欢任何银行。

They're gonna well, they're gonna send a strongly worded letter to their representative, and they're gonna complain and leave a bad review on Yelp for their bank as if their bank cares because nobody likes any banks.

它们基本上都应该只有一星评价，但我们别无选择。

They basically should all have a one star rating, but we're we have no alternative.

他们什么都做不了。

They can't do anything.

现在想象一下你可以烧掉这些钱。

Now imagine you can burn the money.

你拿不回来，但你可以把他们的钱烧掉。

You can't get it back, but you can set theirs on fire.

告诉我你不会这么做。

Tell me you wouldn't do it.

如果小偷能偷走我的钱，而我可以在远处把那笔钱烧掉——虽然拿不回来但能烧掉它——我100000%会按下那个按钮。

If a thief was able to steal my money and I could set that money on fire from afar, I couldn't get it back, but I could burn it, I would 100000% press that button.

也许我拿不回我的钱是因为当前网络太拥堵，或者因为三个主要通道同时崩溃失效，所有人都在试图把自己的资产转移上链，我甚至愿意花110万聪确保他们不能坑走我一百万。

Maybe I can't get mine back because the traffic is too heavy right now in the arc or because, like, three massive arcs collapsed or failed all at once and everybody's trying to take their shit to chain, I might even spend 1,100,000.0 sats to make sure they can't screw me out of a million.

因为到那时我已经输了，我只想确保正义得到伸张。

Because at that point, I lost, and I just wanna make sure that justice is served.

我认为这种激励因素和人类心理的这部分没有被充分考虑进去。

And I think that incentive and that part of the human psyche is not properly taken into account.

这是很多人都有的心态。

And this is something that a lot of people have.

你知道，这就是人们极度愤怒时的表现——他们会为10美元的被骗投入百倍精力，或是当有人明显不诚实或撒谎说'这东西本来就在你家院子里所以我拿走了'之类的时候。

You know, this is this is exactly what you get when people are super pissed, and they put a billion times the amount of energy into something where they got screwed over for $10 or where somebody clearly was totally dishonest or they lied about, you know, this is this was over in your yard, so I took it or or my yard or whatever.

你越界了。

You were across the line.

你知道，有时候就是这些愚蠢的小争执，最后真的会让人互相残杀，仅仅因为他们觉得自己受了委屈。

You know, you have these stupid little disputes that literally turn into people, like, killing each other sometimes just because they feel so wronged.

而且这根本不是值不值得的问题。

And it was less about, oh, was it worth it?

因为如果你单纯从经济角度评估，比如有人砍倒的树倒在你家院子里，或者有人偷了你的篮球、弄坏了你的自行车之类的小事。

Because if you just wanna make a simple economic assessment, it's like, oh, you lost you know, somebody cut a tree down that fell into your yard or, you you know, somebody stole your basketball or or, you know, broke it or something broke your bicycle or, you know, whatever it is.

都是些鸡毛蒜皮的小事，但你会觉得遭受了不公，然后就会骂'你这个混蛋'。

Some small little thing, but you felt like there was an injustice done, and so you're like, you son of a bitch.

你一定会遭到报应的。

You were gonna get what's coming to you.

如果单纯算经济账：'我花这么多时间确保那人得到报应，而我实际损失了多少？'

If you do a simple economic assessment of like, okay, how much time am I spending making sure that that guy gets what he deserves versus like how much did I lose?

我可能就损失了50美元，对吧？

I lost like $50, you know?

或者一个15美元的篮球，再或者我花了400美元清理院子里那半截巨大的树干。

Or a $15 basketball or I had to spend $400 to clean up this giant, just half of a tree trunk out of my yard.

是啊，为此耗费整整五天工作时间根本说不通。

Well, yeah, it wouldn't even make sense to spend, you know, five solid days worth of work on that.

但有些人会花上数年时间就为了让对方付出代价。

But some people will devote years to making sure that person gets their due.

你知道有多少人可能纯粹出于怨恨宁愿烧掉那些钱吗？就为了出口气。

Do you have any idea how many people would probably burn that money out of spite Just to make sure.

而且如果电弧支付不诚信，或是银行，或是我们使用的任何系统有问题，比如闪电网络通道部队之类的。

And and if the arc was actually being dishonest or the bank or the, you know, whatever the system is that we're using, the Lightning Channel Brigade, whatever.

如果这种选择存在，如果再有另一个雷曼兄弟，股东和主要利益相关者可以销毁资金，并确保交易对手——那些清算所——无法窃取它，不能在没有追索权的情况下就对其提出索赔。

If that option existed And there was another Lehman Brothers and shareholders and major stakeholders could burn the money and make sure that the counterparties, the the clearinghouses, couldn't steal it, couldn't just take a claim over it with no recourse.

这种情况发生过多少次？还会再发生多少次？

How many times how many more times does that happen?

你还要多少次让人试图没收整个银行的全部价值、投资和一切，并坑害那些本应排在索赔名单首位、理应从中获得任何东西的股东？

How many more times do you get somebody to try to confiscate an entire bank's worth of value and investments and everything and screw over the shareholders who are supposed to be the the head of the claim list for who actually gets anything out of it.

这就是规模化。

That is scaling.

规模化并不意味着每个人在每一刻、每一笔交易或每一个UTXO或比特币数量上，都能始终获得完全主权和彻底的退出权。

Scaling doesn't mean that every single person at every single moment and for every single transaction or UTXO or amount of Bitcoin that they can always get fully sovereign and complete exit.

而是他们才是做决定的人。

It's that they are the ones who get to decide.

而我所说的完全主权和彻底退出，是从经济角度而言的。

And and what I mean fully sovereign and complete exit from an economic perspective.

出于同样的原因，我可以整天通过闪电网络发送小额的21聪、210聪交易，而且这行得通。

For And the exact same reason that I can send SATs, tiny little 21 SAT, 210 SAT transactions on lightning all day long, and it works.

因为这么小的金额也没法被偷走。

It's because you can't steal that amount either.

要么我们诚实相待，要么就同归于尽，但每个人都有这个选择权。

It's we be honest or we have mutually assured destruction, but every individual has that option.

这才使得比特币具有革命性。

That makes Bitcoin revolutionary.

即使在这种方式下，即使在这种规模化建设中，也能构建一种激励机制，让你确信如果不得不诉诸法庭，你将成为胜者。

Even in that way and even in this type of scaling to build an incentive structure where you can just know that if you have to go to court, you are going to be the victor.

即便你花了一万美元才进入那该死的法庭，至少没人能通过坑害你而获益。

Even if it cost you $10,000 to get into the damn court, nobody is at least going to be able to benefit from screwing you over.

我们的裁决者完全客观、完全去中心化、完全无管辖权，没人能阻止你将案件提交给法官。

And our adjudicator is perfectly objective, is perfectly decentralized, is perfectly jurisdictionless, and nobody can tell you that you can't take your case before the judge.

这是权力动态和裁决方式的疯狂转变，就像我们今天在金融和货币领域决定所有权那样。

That is an insane shift in the power dynamics and the adjudicate like, we settle who owns what in finance and money today.

比特币可以这样扩展。

And Bitcoin can scale that way.

我认为我们会想出另外100种扩展方式，以及另外100种方法来延伸这种优势，甚至为尽可能多的人提供潜在的'退出'选择，因为我们会找到批量退出的方法。

And I think we're gonna come up with another 100 ways to scale it and another 100 ways to make it to extend that benefit and to even have a potential quote unquote exit for as many people as possible because we'll find a way to batch the exits.

我们会找到方法，基本上从CTV批量交易的共享UTXO过渡到共享UTXO。

We'll find a way to basically go from, you know, a CTV batch of transact a shared UTXO to a shared UTXO.

我完全不知道那个系统会是什么样子，或者它如何运作。

And I have no idea what that system will look like or, you know, how it could how it could operate.

也许像个保险系统。

Maybe it's like an insurance system.

我不知道。

I don't know.

但我想说的是，我们能找到转变的方法。

But what I'm saying is that, like, we can figure out a way to shift.

我认为在这个概念领域里，终归会出现某种扩展方法。

I I think there will be some sort of a scaling method basically in this realm of concept.

我认为这就是事物扩展的方式，句号。

And I think this is just how things scale, period.

从概念上讲，我认为这实际上就是结构上如何将扩展转化为效益的方式。

Conceptually, I think this is just structurally how you can actually make extend to the benefit.

它可以将这种无需信任的关系扩展到尽可能广泛的系统中，简单来说这就是最佳的信贷方式——因为这是可强制执行的信贷，具备储备金证明，并由非政治化且无需信任的仲裁者执行。

It could extend this trustless relationship to as broad a system as possible, and it's just the simple thing is that it's it's the best way to do credit, because it's enforceable credit with proof of reserves, and a non political and non trusting adjudicator.

换句话说，这实际上是真正的信贷。

In other words, it's actually real credit.

这是基于实物的信贷，拥有完全无法被腐败的真正可强制执行合约。

It's credit of a real thing with a truly enforceable contract that has no ability to be corrupted.

唯一的要求是必须与同一去中心化开放系统中的所有其他成员共同分摊执行成本，这使得ARC成为极其强大的工具——因为你可以批量处理所有这些，将它们锁定在单个UTXO之后。

The only thing that has is that it has to share the cost of that enforcement with everybody else in the same decentralized and open system, which makes ARC an insanely powerful tool because you can batch all of these, you can lock all of this behind a single UTXO.

这再次说明了我为何要主张使用契约（covenants）。

And this is, again, this is why I make the argument for covenants.

我认为这是合理的，因为从概念角度看其构建方式可以简单得多，从实现角度看使用CTB或CSFS等方案也会更简单——这也是我仍对这些原始功能感兴趣的原因，我认为这应该是比特币具备的基础功能。

I think it makes sense because the construction and how you would build this could be far more simpler from a conceptual standpoint and and less complicated from a implementation standpoint with something like CTB or CSFS, and that's why I'm still interested in those primitives because I think it's a pretty base primitive that we ought to have on Bitcoin.

而且它不会改变见证折扣数据，也不会开放新的数据承载空间。

And it doesn't change witness discounts data or it doesn't open up.