第102集 - 一场不公平的游戏

若你掌控了金钱，便掌握了购买力，进而能控制大多数其他事物。

If you control the money, you control the purchasing power, which in turn allows you to control most other things.

这既不难看出，也不难理解。

This is neither hard to see nor hard to understand.

若你能决定谁获得金钱，你就能决定谁富裕谁贫穷。

If you can dictate who gets the money, you can dictate who is well off and who is not.

若你能决定谁有权创造新货币，你就能决定谁必须为钱工作，而谁只需挥笔或按键就能不劳而获。

If you can decide who is allowed to create new money, you can decide who has to work for money and who gets it unjustly with the stroke of a pen or the push of a button.

若你能控制资金流动，你就能决定谁能支付、谁能收款、谁能提现、谁能使用银行账户，以及谁有权访问整体金融基础设施。

If you can control the flow of money, you can decide who can pay, who can get paid, who can withdraw, who has access to their bank accounts, and who has access to financial infrastructure in general.

简而言之，你能决定谁将被逐出社会平台。

In short, you can decide who will be de platformed from society.

最极端情况下，这关乎生死存亡——谁能果腹谁将挨饿，谁可繁荣谁必消亡。

In the most extreme cases, this is a matter of life and death, who gets to eat and who must starve, who gets to prosper and who must perish.

社会是一场游戏，货币是其独立奖励系统，当这个系统崩溃时会发生什么？

Society is a game and the money is its independent reward system, so what happens when it is broken?

当社会变成一场不公的游戏时会发生什么？

What happens when society becomes an unfair game?

现在是《盖伊视角》节目时间。

It's time for a Guy's Take episode.

比特币领域的精华，为您娓娓道来。

The best in Bitcoin made audible.

我是盖伊·斯旺，这里是《比特币可听》。

I am Guy Swan, and this is Bitcoin Audible.

大家好，最近怎么样？

What is up, guys?

欢迎回到《比特币之声》。

Welcome back to Bitcoin Audible.

我是盖伊·斯旺，一个比你们认识的任何人都更了解比特币的人。

I'm Guy Swan, the guy who has read more about Bitcoin than anybody else you know.

今天我们来做一期《盖伊视角》。

We are doing a Guy's Take today.

这部分内容某种程度上是为了跟进GG关于不可剥夺财产权的讨论，主要是因为他提出的几个观点正是我想在本期节目中探讨的。

This will kinda partially be to follow-up, inalienable property rights with g g, mostly just because there are a couple things that he brought up that I actually want to talk about in this episode.

但更重要的是，我想做这期《盖伊视角》是因为他在文章中提出的框架正是我喜欢讨论的话题。

But really more than anything, I wanted to do a guy's take because something he a framing that he had in the piece is just something that I like to talk about.

最近我一直在写作中频繁提到这个观点，觉得通过《盖伊视角》节目把它完整表达出来会是个好主意。

I've been writing out writing about a lot recently, and I felt like it would be a good idea to do a guy's take just to kinda get it all out of my head.

这个观点就是：社会是一场游戏，而金钱是它的计分系统。

And this is the idea that society is a game, and money is its point system.

说实话，我越来越觉得这个比喻听起来像是在解释两者关系，但实际上并非如此。

And honestly, I increasingly think it it kind of sounds like this is an analogy trying to explain the relationship, but it's not really.

我认为这个描述是准确的。

I actually think it's accurate.

因为总体而言，一次交易就像与人进行的物物交换，本质上就是一种游戏。

Because just in general, a trade, like a barter with someone, is sort of a game.

这是双方达成的一种默契，通过这种来回博弈来权衡我对某物的估值与你方估值之间的平衡点，试图找到这个完美却又完全无关的价值匹配点来完成交换。

It's a mutual agreement to kind of go do this back and forth dance to try to weigh the the middle ground between how I value something and this attempt to find this balance to what you value on the other side, to try to find this perfect yet totally unrelated match in what a thing is worth to make an exchange.

具体来说，这是自愿的，否则情况就不是这样。

And specifically, this is voluntary or that's not what's happening.

要知道，盗窃行为显然不属于社会范畴。

You know, a theft is not is explicitly not society.

这显然不属于文明行为。

It is explicitly not civil.

社会特指一个协作实体，一个致力于保存和繁荣目标的群体。

Society specifically refers to a cooperative entity, to a group that is working towards the goal of preserving and prospering.

因此盗窃不是社会行为，正如强奸不属于人际关系一样，盗窃也不属于市场活动。

So theft isn't society, and theft isn't market activity in the exact same way that rape isn't, like, a relationship.

所以我确实认为可以准确地说，社会就像一种自发形成的游戏，因为我们发现如果参与这种社会性比较权衡与交换活动，稀缺资源在我们共同参与时会变得不那么稀缺。

So I actually think it's accurate to say that society is kind of like an emergent game that came about because we found out that if we played the game and engaged in this social comparison weighing and swapping activity, that scarce resources become vastly less scarce if we're playing the game together.

但游戏的激励机制和规则决定了游戏的玩法，只有特定的交易规则和条件才能真正实现资源不稀缺，并准确平衡权衡所有参与者的意图和价值。

But the incentives and the rules of the game dictate everything about how the game is played, and there's only a particular set of rules and conditions of how things are being traded that will actually scale to both make resources not scarce and actually enable accurate balancing and weighing of all of the separate players' intents and values.

要知道，我把高中教育中绝大部分——或者说至少不成比例的大量知识积累归功于科学奥林匹克竞赛。

You know, I attribute the majority of or at least an overwhelmingly disproportionate amount of my kind of, like, high school education to Science Olympiad.

科学奥林匹克本质上是个极客竞赛。

Science Olympiad is basically a nerd competition.

对吧？

Right?

这是个大型活动，你们从学校组队参加，大概有20或25个项目——具体我也记不清了。

It's this big event where you pull together teams of people from your school, and there's, like, 20 events or 25 I don't I don't know.

二三十个项目吧，都是需要个人完成的任务或活动。

Twenty, thirty events, like, individual tasks or things that you engage in.

比如说，有些是和建筑相关的。

Like, there's some that are, you know, building related.

有些是和学术研究相关的。

There's some that are study related.

还有一些是，比如说，理论相关的。

There are some that are kind of, like, theory related.

比如会有一个活动，基本上就是测试你对植物、树木以及这个领域里你能想到的所有东西的了解程度。

Like, there'd be one that there's an event that just literally it's just a basically a test on plants and trees and all everything everything that you could think of in this area.

就像是，好吧。

It's like, okay.

你对这方面的知识面有多广？你能为这个活动学习多少内容？

What what's your breadth of knowledge on this, and how much can you learn for this event?

他们会给出一些特定类别。

And they give, like, certain categories.

其中有个项目是我和我兄弟一直参加的，我们非常非常喜欢，就是建筑类项目。

And then one of the ones that my brother and I always did, and really, really loved were the building events.

几乎从五年级还是六年级开始，我们就一直在做水瓶火箭。

We almost, forever since since we were in, like, fifth or sixth grade or whatever, we did bottle rockets.

具体就是拿个两升的瓶子，制作成火箭，装上降落伞，然后设计出让降落伞展开的机械装置，还要考虑如何折叠才能避免上升时的阻力。

So we'd literally take a two liter bottle or whatever, and you you build a rocket, and you give it a parachute, parachute, and you you figure out the different mechanism by which the parachute, releases and, you know, how you tuck it away so there's no drag on the way up.

目标是在和其他人使用相同气压的情况下，争取最长的滞空时间。

And your goal is to get as much flight time as possible with the same amount of amount of pressure with as everybody else.

我们还做过桥梁、投石机、飞机，还有类似'不可能的任务'这样的项目。

And then we'd have bridges and boomelivers and plane and, you know, mission impossible.

有趣的是那个学位。

And what's funny was the degree.

我当时没意识到，但这个学位实际上要求你掌握良好的工程学知识，以及对于环境物理或你所建造事物的直觉理解。

I didn't realize at the time, but the degree to which it was it, like, literally required you to learn good engineering and good like like, an intuition about, you know, the physics of an environment or or something that you're building.

直到我兄弟去了州立大学工程学院，他的一门入门课程要求建造一座桥——要尽可能轻又能承受最大重量的那种。

It wasn't until my brother went to engineering school at, State because one of his introductory classes, they had to build a bridge, which was very the lightest bridge possible that held the most weight.

这基本上和我们从中学就开始做的事情极为相似。

And, this was extremely similar to basically, you know, what we had been doing since middle school.

但他说班上有些同学居然对如何建造又轻又坚固的桥缺乏直觉理解，他简直不敢相信这是大学课堂。

But he said that everyone in his class, he could not believe this was a college, and some of these people did not have an intuitive understanding of just how to make a a strong bridge that would be light.

但我和我兄弟某年造的一座桥只有23克。

But my brother and I built one one year that was 23 grams.

23克还是25克来着。

23 grams or 25 grams.

记不清了。

I don't know.

大概在20到30克之间吧。

In the 20 somewhere between twenty and thirty grams.

想象一下，就像手里攥着20个回形针那么轻。

Literally, imagine that, like like, 20 paper clips in your hand.

真的非常轻。

Like like, it was light.

你会觉得如果把它抛向空中，它可能都不会掉下来。

You you would feel like if you threw it up, it wouldn't really fall.

如果那样的话，阻力会更大，实际上会下落得更慢。

It it would there would be more drag, and it would actually fall slowly.

也许不是，但感觉就是那么轻。

Like, maybe not, but it just felt that light.

悬挂在这座桥中央的位置，我记得大约是15英寸，也许一英尺，跨度可能是一英尺。

And hanging from the center of this bridge over I think it was 15 inches, maybe a foot, maybe the span was a foot.

但从这座桥的中间部位，它承受了55磅的沙子，我想大约是五加仑桶装满了三分之二到四分之三的沙子。

But from the middle of this bridge, it held 55 pounds of sand, which I think was, like, two thirds, three fourths full sand in a five gallon bucket.

想象一下你走过去看到一个五加仑桶——就是那种几乎装满沙子的五加仑油漆桶——那得有多重。

So imagine you go over and you see a five gallon, one of those five gallon paint that's almost full of sand how much that would weigh.

但我哥哥工程班的同学们真的做不到这一点。

But the people in my brother's engineering class literally could not do this.

他们造了一些你能想象到的最庞大笨重的东西，用的材料大多是冰棍棒和吸管之类的。

They built some of the biggest, bulkiest things that you could imagine, and they were doing it in lot of, like, pop sticks and straw or something.

这几乎像是小孩子水平的东西。

It's almost like a kid's level sort of thing.

感觉有点奇怪。

It seemed a little odd.

那其实不算最奇怪的。

That really wasn't the weird thing.

最奇怪的是根本没人能做到，而我哥哥却轻松胜出。

The weird thing was just that nobody could do it, and my brother just kind of hands down.

他做的那个有点笨重，因为他其实没太认真尝试。

He built one that was a little bit bulky or whatever because he wasn't he basically wasn't trying so hard.

他并非在尽可能减轻重量上竞争，但我觉得全班只有他一人能稳稳托住那个重量，而且显得毫不费力。

He wasn't competing to make it as light as he possibly could, but I think he was the only one in the entire class that held the weight, and he held it very easily.

实际上那重量甚至不到55磅。

And it wasn't as it literally wasn't 55 pounds.

甚至比不上我们科学奥林匹克竞赛大一那年桥梁比赛的承重要求。

Like, it wasn't even it wasn't even that as much weight as our, like, you know, freshman year bridge competition in Science Olympiad was.

所以这是个有趣的小插曲——当你雇佣工程师时，可能找到会算数的人，却未必能找到对建造有直觉的人。

So that's just a fun little side tangent on when you're hiring an engineer, you might not have somebody you might have somebody who can do math, but you might not have somebody who has an intuition about how to build anything.

有个典型例子：我曾与一名市政指派的工程师争论未果，他坚持要我在混凝土基础角落加两根支护梁，尽管那里已有垂直墙体承重——只因本地法规规定外部土方超过一定量时，混凝土块必须填充，而基础部分无需填充（虽然我巴不得填充）。

And half decent example of that is the engineer that I had to argue with and didn't win because he just gets to sign and say what the city tells me I have to do, who made me put two soldier beams at corners in my concrete foundation even though there were literal perpendicular walls that were already supporting it's because after a certain amount, the the regulations have changed in my area so that after a certain amount of dirt outside, the concrete block has to be filled and the foundation doesn't have filled block, which I would actually have liked it to be filled block.

填充结构显然稳固得多。

It's certainly a hell of a lot more secure.

但这家伙完全照本宣科做基础计算，明显没考虑为什么箱体结构比平板墙更稳固。

But this guy was literally going by the book and doing his basic math, literally, clearly without accounting for why a boxed in structure is more secure than just a flat wall.

我跟他理论是因为每根梁要花我1500美元。

And I'm talking to him because this is gonna cost me $1,500 a beam.

不仅不想为两根无用的梁浪费3000美元，更因他规定的间距——必须按规范每隔五六英尺放一根——反而在真正需要支撑的位置留下了最大空隙。

And not only did I not want to waste 3,000 on two pointless beams that weren't doing their job, they they actually made because of the spacing, he said this is the the the code says you have to space it at this, you know, six feet or five feet or whatever for each one.

要是居中布置，而不是在角落放根本不起作用的梁（毕竟10英尺混凝土墙垂直相接的承重能力强多了）...

But because of that, he was actually leaving the biggest spaces near areas that would actually need it, and if we just if we just centered it, like, rather than putting one in the corner that does nothing because a perpendicular 10 foot concrete wall up against a concrete wall holds a hell of a lot more weight.

我根本不需要计算。

I don't have to do any math.

这根本不需要懂什么数学。

I don't have to know the math to this.

10英尺厚的混凝土墙紧贴另一面混凝土墙，其承重能力远超嵌在12英寸混凝土中仅6英寸深的钢梁。

10 feet worth of concrete wall up against another concrete wall holds a hell of a lot more weight back than a six inch six inch deep steel beam in 12 inches of concrete.

我根本不用计算就知道哪种方案更有效。

I don't have to do any math to know that's gonna work better.

所以要把钢梁均匀分布在整面墙的中央，这样才能最大化利用——因为10英尺墙的中间部分最不稳固。

So you put the steel beams centered across the flat wall so that you're getting the most out of the because the middle of a 10 foot wall is the least secure.

如果要在那面墙安装三根钢梁，不能全挤在左侧：一根在角落，隔六英尺放第二根，再隔六英尺放第三根，最后留个大空档到另一个角落。

So you wanna make if you're putting three on that wall, you don't put them three to the left side, one in the corner, one six feet over, another six feet over, and then a big gap to the next corner.

应该先居中放置一根，然后在两侧对称位置各安装一根。

You center them, and you put them on either and then you put the other two on the on either side.

这样不仅效果更好，还能省下3000美元。

Not only is it gonna work better, but it's gonna save me $3,000.

但不行，建筑规范不允许这么做。

But, no, that's not how the code works.

算了，至少这件事我没耿耿于怀。

Anyhoo, at least I'm not bitter about that one.

记得复核工程师的方案。

Double check your engineer.

可能无济于事，但至少你可以考虑换个工程师。

Probably won't make any difference, but you can maybe just hire a different engineer at least.

要是他们水平不行，后期还能再调整。

Then if they're stupid, you can just change it later.

全国科学奥林匹克竞赛上有过个精彩案例——当时觉得莫名其妙，现在回想起来，那简直是疯狂的教学示范。

But in the National Science Olympiad Competition, there was a really cool thing that they did, which was it seemed random to me at the time, but now I just look back on it, and I think about it as this crazy thing that it's a learning experience.

我认为这是一个很好的例子，将整个社会关系比作游戏概念。

I think it's a great example here to in relationship to the whole society as a game concept.

但在全国比赛中，他们确实会把所有团队聚集在一个巨大的礼堂里，大家各自坐在自己的区域，带着来自各自州的东西——我的意思是，这些东西不一定与州相关，但通常情况如此，因为你在一个聚集了许多来自不同州的人的地方。

But at the national competition, they would literally get all of the teams together, all the separate teams together in a giant auditorium, and you'd all kind of, like, sit down in your own areas, and you brought all of these things from your state or your lie I mean, not not like it had to be, like, state related, but that was often the case because you're, you know, at a place where there's a whole bunch of people who don't live in your state.

比如，非常常见的一种物品是未使用过的车牌。

Like, one thing that was really common would be unused license plates.

每年至少每个州都会有人带车牌来，实际上通常会有很多。

Like, every like, there there was a license plate for every state represented every single year at least, often a bunch of them actually.

但目标是用你带来的东西交换你想要的东西，并带上你认为能在交换中获得好处的物品。

But the goal is to just swap stuff for something else that you wanted and to bring stuff that you thought would get you good things in a swap.

现在想来，这其实是一种很聪明的方式，让你在比赛前与其他团队的人交流认识。

And it actually like, I think about it now as actually a really clever way to get you to go engage and talk and meet people from all of these other teams before you go and, you know, compete with them.

这本质上就是一场游戏。

And it what it was a game.

它就是一场游戏。

It was a game.

这不仅是一场最初几乎没有规则的游戏，而且在与人互动的过程中自然形成了一套庞大的规则体系。

Not only was it a game with almost no rules at the beginning, but with this huge emergent set of rules just in the norm of interacting with other people.

它给人的感觉就是一场游戏，玩起来也像游戏。

But it literally felt like a game, and it played like a game.

关键在于找出谁有你想要的东西，或者谁需要某样东西，这样每个带着一定价值进场的人，最终都能带着双倍价值离开——尽管房间里的物品实际上没有任何变化。

And the point was to figure out who has the thing that you want or that someone else needs such that every person who has x amount of value can actually exit the game with twice as much value even though nothing in the room actually changed.

带进房间的物品数量不变，但离开时的价值翻倍，因为每个人都用自己容易获得的东西换取了难以得到、具有怀旧或新奇价值的物品。

There was one amount of things brought into the room, but twice the amount of its value left because everybody got more value in exchange for something they couldn't get, Something that was in high supply or easy to get for every individual who brought it and in low supply and difficult to get or has nostalgic or, you know, novelty value for everyone everyone who leaves with it.

我当时真的没多想这件事。

And I literally did not think much about it at the time.

这就像是全国比赛上发生的一件小事。

It was just kinda like a thing that happened at the national competition.

我们虽然是个小学校，但在这件事上表现超棒。

We were we were a small school, but we kicked ass at this.

但现在回想起来，只觉得那真是个疯狂的小世界。

But now I look back on it, and all I can think is what a crazy little microcosm.

我多次用各种比喻或读过的哈耶克著作来思考这件事，因为那些与人们交易、交谈、发现前所未见事物的精妙体验实在太有趣了。

I've thought of it so many times in various analogies or books and all that stuff that I read with Hayek because it was such an interesting like, have neat little experiences of trading and talking to people and finding out what a thing was that I'd never even seen before.

就像，这就像一场游戏。

Like, it was it was a game.

它确实很有趣。

It was it was interesting.

它像游戏一样好玩。

It was fun like a game.

它让人投入其中。

It was engaging.

这里面存在着某种竞争与合作的形式，游戏目标是让每个人离开时都比来时更好。

There was a there was a form of, like, competition and cooperation in it, and the goal was for everyone to be better off when they left than when they got there.

这个游戏的机制能让每个人——真的是每个人——都获得更多积分。

And the game literally could work such that every single person, everyone literally got more points.

游戏的核心在于，让尽可能多的人（最好是所有人）同时获得收益，而实现这一目标的责任完全由自愿参与的个体承担——这简直完美，还有什么比这更能协调激励的呢？

That they all at the same time, the point of the game was to figure out how for as many people, possibly everyone, to have more to have a gain, while the responsibility of doing so was left up to all of the individuals in the who chose to play, which is perfect because how much how better can you align incentives?

比如，如果我替你决定，效果很可能远不如你自己做决定。

Like, if I'm deciding for you, it's probably not gonna work out nearly as well as when you're deciding for yourself.

这里必须提一下那个‘在乎矩阵’。

Obligatory reference to the give a shit matrix here.

如果你不明白我在说什么，可以上YouTube看看。

Watch it on YouTube if you don't know what I'm talking about.

但社会这场游戏——也就是市场——有趣之处在于，它像一场合作游戏，我们都在试图找到现有资源与所需资源的最佳分配方案，只不过我们只能用单一视角的知识和信息来解决问题。

But the interesting thing about the game that is society, that is the market, is that it's it's like a cooperative game where we are all trying to find the optimal distribution of the resources we have access to versus the resources that we need, except we're trying to solve the problem with only a single perspective's worth of knowledge and information.

我们只能从自己的视角、价值观、知识储备以及所处环境和情境来理解需求或现状。

Like, we can only know from our perspective, from our values, and from our knowledge and situation and environment what is needed or what is going on.

所以问题在于：如何协调所有人的视角、价值观和知识？

So the question is how do you coordinate between everyone else's perspectives, values, and knowledge?

但关键在于，游戏环境结构所设定的激励机制决定了这是合作还是竞争。

But the thing is is that the incentives laid out by the structure of the game environment is what determines whether or not it is it is cooperative or competitive.

我指的是集体层面，因为在个体层面永远存在竞争。

And I mean that at a at a collective level because it is always competitive at an individual level.

你总是试图获取最符合自己期望的价值，同时要与另一个追求相同价值的人竞争。

You're you're always trying to get basically the most value that you want while, you know, competing with another person trying to get the value that you're looking for.

比如两个买家争着买同一台PlayStation，或者同一栋房子。

You know, two buyers go to buy the same PlayStation, whatever, the same house.

懂吧？

You know?

所以你们竞相出价，因为你们都看重这栋房子——这是你们真正想要的，也是对方真正想要的，或者这是个绝佳机会，而且时间有限等等。

So you're both bidding because you value the house, because this is the one that you really want, and it's also the one that that other person really wants or it's a great opportunity, and, you know, there's a short time span, etcetera, etcetera.

你们双方都在试图，所谓的‘竞争’，看对谁最有价值。

You you're both bidding to try to, quote, unquote, compete to see who who it's most valuable to.

而实现这一点的唯一方式是他们真正参与其中。

And the only way to do that is if they actually have skin in the game.

他们必须拿出真金白银。

They have to put the money down.

你不能光说‘这对我更有价值’，却不愿实际付出代价来证明。

You can't just say, oh, it's more valuable to me, but you're not willing to actually put up the value to prove that.

这就像我说要赌你一百万美元，可我口袋里只有两块钱。

That's like saying I'm gonna bet you a million dollars, but I've got $2 in my pocket.

显然如果我赌输了，或者我的观点纯属胡扯，我根本付不起这一百万。

And I'm clearly not going to pay you a million dollars if I lose the bet or my opinion ends up being total nonsense.

但游戏的激励机制和结构决定了资源整体流动是否对玩家有利。

But the incentives and the structure of the game determine whether the overall movement of resources are actually net positive for the players or not.

我们在礼堂玩的游戏问题在于它是个以物易物的游戏。

And the problem with the game that we played in that auditorium is that it was a barter game.

当你引入货币时——这很有趣——在这种小环境中确实会形成某种准货币。

When you introduce money, which is actually really interesting because a sort of pseudo money did actually develop at these places in this small environment.

很多次我认识的人会先交易车牌，再用车牌换别的东西。

On many occasions, I know people who traded for license plates so that they could trade license plates for something else.

我自己也这么干过，因为总有人想收集各州车牌，它们就变得特别容易交换。

I actually did this myself because for some reason, there were just enough people who wanted to collect, you know, a license plate of every state that they just became really easy to swap.

仅仅是玩这个游戏的过程就会形成积分体系，因为当存在一种公认最有价值的交换媒介时，比较你我物品的价值就容易多了。

So just the act of playing this game, a point system emerges because it's so much easier to actually make the weight, to actually compare the weights of your valuable thing against my valuable thing if there is one single most valuable thing that we are all swapping between, that we are all trying to trade with.

我认为人们没有这样看待它。

And I think people don't see it like that.

大多数人没有意识到这实际上正在发生。

Most people don't recognize that that's actually what's going on.

他们把金钱视为想要的东西，因为他们想要其他东西，但他们没有认识到金钱的本质，或者说金钱在社会中作为最令人向往的商品出现的方式。

They think of money as something that they want because they want other things, but they don't recognize that the point of money or that the way money emerges in society is as the most desirable good in the society.

它成为了最令人向往的商品。

It becomes the most desirable good.

当你从这个框架思考时，这就是为什么我认为比特币——比特币不会成为货币，或者说它不会履行交换媒介和记账单位的角色，直到它实现货币的目的，即成为全社会最令人向往的商品。

And when you think about it in that framing, that's why I think about Bitcoin is Bitcoin won't be money, or it won't fulfill the role of a medium of exchange and a unit of account until it fulfills kind of the purpose of money to be the most desirable good in all of society.

每个人、每个地方都会想要持有它，因为这正是货币的本质。

Everyone, everywhere is going to want to hold it because that's literally the thing that money is.

每个人都想要它，因为每个人都想要它。

Everybody wants it because everybody wants it.

这是价值的终极网络反馈机制。

It's the ultimate network feedback mechanism of value.

关键在于，如果它是完全稀缺的，越稀缺且可证明稀缺，这个反馈循环就越能自我强化。

And the thing is is if it is perfectly scarce, the more scarce and provably scarce it is, the more that feedback loop actually works for its own benefit.

因为越多人想要它，它就越有价值，单个单位价值就会上升。

Because more people want wanting it makes it more valuable, and the individual units go up in value.

比特币是这个过程如何展开的最完美例证。

Bitcoin could not be a more perfect example of exactly how this plays out.

劳拉，它的价值会永远上涨，真的。

It's going up forever, Laura, literally.

但我们已经习惯了垃圾货币。

But we're so used to trash money.

我们成长在如此可怕的环境中，简直是从出生就置身于恐怖的货币体系里，以至于我们认为货币会随时间贬值。

We grew up in such a horrible we were literally born into such a horrific monetary environment that we think of money as something that degrades over time.

它仍是最必需的商品，却完全不具备黄金那种神秘色彩与神话光环——毕竟黄金作为世界上最坚挺的货币，数千年来都是全球最普遍可验证、随处可得的通用货币。

It's still the most necessary good, but it holds none of the mysticism and kind of mythology around it that gold held because of its success as the hardest money in the world and the most ubiquitously, verifiable and, you know, globally like, universally available money in I don't know, for thousands thousands of years.

但成为货币之物最关键的特征（其实是让其他货币属性成立的前提），除了统一性、可替代性、便携性等特质外，最根本在于其稀缺性——即使当需求暴增十倍百倍千倍，用其他商品衡量价值飙升千倍时，仍难以增产。

But one of the most critical elements, one of the most critical characteristics of that thing that becomes money, in fact, the prerequisite that only makes the other elements of money worthwhile, the fact that it's uniform, the fact that, you know, it's fungible, portable, all of those things, is the fact that it is scarce and that even when 10 times, a 100 times, a thousand times more people value it a thousand fold of its previous evaluation as measured in other goods, that it's still too difficult to make more of.

它的稀缺程度足以支撑价值持续增长，且无人能打破这个循环，因为没人能以低于现值的成本创造更多。

It's still scarce enough that it can continue to increase in value, and still nobody can actually cut off that feedback loop because they find a way to create more of it for less than its current valuation.

黄金存在价格上限的原因在于：你可以通过辐照铅来制造黄金，但每盎司可能需要耗费价值10万美元的能源。

The reason gold has a has a price cap is because you can irradiate lead and make more gold, but it probably costs, like, a $100,000 an ounce worth of energy to pull that off.

或者...我也不确定。

Or I I don't know.

可能成本比这还要高得多。

It might it probably costs more than that.

关键在于黄金存在价格天花板——如果某天它变得人人争抢，按现今美元计算每盎司涨到20万、30万美元时（毕竟用美元计价的话美元终将贬值）...

But the thing is is gold has a price cap because if it ever reached, if it ever became so desirable that everyone wanted to hold it, that it became worth $200,000, $300,000 an ounce in today's money, obviously, because if we're measuring it in dollars, dollars eventually will.

届时黄金只会值300美元/盎司，因为美元会贬值到那种程度。

It will be worth $300 an ounce because dollars will be worth that little.

但如果以现今美元价值计算真发生这种情况，人们就会建造巨型机器把铅变成黄金，金价将暴跌至转化铅所需的能源成本。

But if that ever happened in today's dollars value, so many build big machines that turn lead into gold, and the price would come right down to whatever the price of energy is to turn that lead into gold.

那将是黄金作为可扩展货币的终结。

And that would be the end of gold being able to scale as money.

对于一个已经如此技术先进、规模庞大且价值非凡的社会，它已不再适用其原有目的，必须由其他事物取而代之。

It would no longer serve the purpose for a society that be had become that technologically advanced and that large and that valuable, and something else would have to take its place.

查理·芒格说过，给我看激励机制，我就能告诉你结果。

Charles Munger said, show me the incentive, and I will show you the outcome.

金钱是游戏的计分系统，你如何获得奖励以及游戏中如何创造分数，构成了游戏的激励机制。

The money is the point system of the game, and how you are awarded and how the points are created in the game create the incentive structure for its play.

事实上，仅通过这一机制、这一工具，你就能轻易将合作性游戏转变为破坏性游戏。

And in that one mechanism, in that one tool, you can turn a cooperative game into a destructive one very easily, in fact.

你只需掌控货币，就能将社会从相互保全的游戏转变为弱肉强食的冲突。

All you have to do is have control over the money to shift society from a game of mutual preservation to one of dog eat dog conflict.

我们所处系统的设计本身必然导致不公平的游戏。

The very design of the system that we are a part of necessarily produces an unfair game.

我认为人们不知道现在获得比特币抵押贷款有多容易，而且不必出售你的比特币。

I think people don't know how easy it is to actually get a Bitcoin backed loan now and not have to sell your Bitcoin.

我个人认为最佳利用方式是进行投资，在确信能跑赢利率的情况下使用——但显然你不太可能跑赢比特币未来几年的回报率。

I personally think the best way to actually utilize this if you is if you're doing an investment where you know you can beat the interest rate, but obviously, you're not going to beat or you're extremely unlikely to beat the return that Bitcoin's going to give over the next couple of years.

Ledin.io（ledn.io）让这个过程变得异常简单。

Ledin.io, ledn.io, makes this crazy simple.

在他们经历完整周期和熊市考验前我绝不会推荐使用，不过后来他们也砍掉了所有其他业务线。

I'd never recommend I would have never have used them until they survived a full cycle and bear market, but then they also cut all of their other offerings.

他们过去也做以太坊业务。

They used to do Ethereum as well.

他们确实尝试过推出收益类产品。

They did, they tried to do a yield product.

他们认定那些全是噪音，于是将其全部剔除，现在他们只管行动。

They decided that all of that was just noise, and they cut it all away, and now they just do.

全额托管，储备证明，比特币抵押贷款。

Full custody, proof of reserves, Bitcoin backed loans.

简单、直接、轻松。

Simple, straightforward, and easy.

而且，核查储备证明实际上非常简单，我至今仍震惊这竟未成为行业标准。

And, also, checking the proof of reserves is actually really easy, and I'm still shocked that this is not an industry standard.

但这确实是个很棒的工具，当你需要法币又不想抛售比特币时，这是个摆在台面上的绝佳选择。

But this is just a great tool to have, a great option to have on the table if you need access to fiat and you don't wanna get rid of your Bitcoin.

显然，比特币波动性大，你肯定不想过度杠杆。

Obviously, Bitcoin is volatile, and you don't wanna overleverage.

你需要做的是安全可控的额度。

You wanna do a safe and manageable amount.

但如果你还没了解过，真该去看看。

But if you haven't looked into it, you should check it out.

他们简直就是一本公开账。

They are literally an open book.

你可以在下方描述中的链接里找到所有细节。

You can find all the details at the link right down in the description.

所以我想让你想象一个游戏。

So I want you to imagine a game.

这个游戏有趣之处在于——每个人都必须参与其中。

And there's something interesting about this game is that everyone has to play it.

无人能置身游戏之外，即便是所谓的游戏设计师、裁判和所有者——所有人本质上仍是参与者，你无法逃避置身赛场参与游戏的命运。

No one is outside of the game, even the supposed game designers and the referees and the the owners, like, of this stuff, everybody's still basically you you can't escape being out on the field and playing the game.

无论你扮演何种角色来维持游戏运行，你始终在运营游戏的同时参与着游戏本身。

No matter what role you're playing in trying to keep the game running, you are still in the act of playing the game while running the game.

游戏的核心在于展现创造力、团队协作与协作之美——在受控的受限环境中，如何完成惊人壮举。我们期待的正是见证他人达成不可思议的成就。

Now the point of a game is to show the creativity, the teamwork, the the beauty, really, of a kind of cooperation in a controlled in a restricted environment is how can you accomplish something amazing, and that's what we want out of it is is we wanna see other people accomplish something incredible.

我们之所以将某项壮举视为非凡，之所以理解得分背后蕴含的努力与工作量证明，正是因为我们知晓游戏规则的限制。

And the reason we understand a feat to be incredible, the reason we understand how the struggle, the sort of proof of work that is involved in scoring points is because we understand the restrictions of the game.

游戏环境由一系列限制构成，而这些限制恰恰催生出非凡的游戏玩法以实现得分。

The environment is a set of limits that within those limits create a kind of a remarkable type of gameplay in order to achieve a score.

不妨想想，比如达阵得分。

So think of, like, a touchdown.

关键在于团队需组织有序，达到心领神会的默契——通过反复训练感知队友的动向与决策，并设计精确战术迷惑对手，以压倒性优势在对方同等实力团队的阻挠下将球推进场地。

The point is to is for your team to be organized enough to be, you know, intuitively on the same page, to to know, to have been trained over and over, to feel the movements and decisions of the people around you, and to plan out exact plays that trick the opponents, that overwhelm them in order to get a ball across a field when there is another team identical to you trying to prevent you from doing that.

游戏的精彩之处在于发掘对手能施展何种技巧、展现何种优雅——在与同样竭尽全力阻挠他们的对手对抗中达成目标。

And the brilliance of the game is figuring out what they can come up with, what skill, and what elegance they can develop in producing that result, in fighting against another team that has done everything and worked as as hard or nearly as hard to stop them from accomplishing it.

唯有当两队遵守完全相同的规则进行完全相同的比赛时，比赛结果才有意义，得分才能真正证明你是更优秀的团队。

It's really important that only if the two teams have the exact same restrictions and are playing the exact same game, is there anything meaningful about the outcome of play or that the acquisition of points actually means you were the better team.

有个著名实验：让两人进行大富翁对战。

You know, there was an experiment done that, it was with a game of monopoly, and they had two people play against each other.

其中一人会正常起始资金（200美元或其他金额）。

And one of the people would start normally with the $200 or whatever.

具体初始规则我记不太清了。

So I don't remember exactly how you start the game.

我已经有上百年没玩过这个了。

I hadn't played it in a million years.

但他们会让新玩家加入，甚至直接告诉对方开局就有离谱的优势。

But they would have another player come in, and they would even tell them that they started with a ridiculous advantage.

比如直接给2000美元启动资金，或者开局就拥有几处房产，前几笔房产交易还能打折之类的。

They give them, like, $2,000 or something, and they'd already own a piece of property, or they'd get a discount on, like, their first few pieces of property or something like that.

但这完全是不公平的碾压式优势。

But it was a blatant lopsided advantage.

而每一次，拥有这种极端不公平优势的玩家都会彻底碾压对手。

And every single time, the obviously, the person who had the very, very unfair advantage destroyed the other person.

但在退场访谈时，他们居然会问：你认为自己获胜的关键是什么？

But then they had, like, an exit interview, and they they literally asked them, why do you what do you ascribe to your winning of the game?

这些人会滔滔不绝地分析自己的每个决策，比如某处房产投资多么明智，如何通过资产配置获得更多收益。

And they would, like, go through all of the decisions that they made and how they made a better investment decision here, and they had this property, which was, you know, the reason that this happened, and, you know, they were getting a bigger income, and they just they spread it out.

他们全都归功于自己的战略眼光，几乎没人提到自己开局就比对手领先20步的事实。

It was all about the strategy and the decisions that they made, and practically none of them actually talked about the fact that they started off, like, 20 moves ahead of the other player.

我在推特上看到过相关讨论。

And I saw a Twitter thread about this.

好像是什么社会实验的评论。

There's some social comments or something.

可能是在某个YouTube视频下面看到的。

Maybe it was under a YouTube video or something.

记不太清了。

I can't remember.

但我记得那些反应。

But I remember the reactions.

我记得当时思考那些评论，因为对话主要围绕‘人们太差劲了，他们很糟糕，却没意识到自己不在乎富人同样是地球上的渣滓’这类观点。

I remember thinking about the comments because the conversation was largely around, oh, people are super crappy, and they're they're shitty, and they don't realize that that they don't care that the rich people are crappy and horrible scum of the earth.

我还记得当时在想，其实这些玩家并不富有。

And I remember thinking, like, there's no they didn't, like, the players weren't rich.

这不像他们专门去富裕社区只给那些人提供优势。

It's it's not like they, you you know, they went to affluent neighborhoods and gave only those people advantages.

这些玩家和其他人一样都是普通人。

Now these were normal people like all of the other players.

我觉得评论里的人有些偏离重点。

I think the people in the comments were kind of missing the point.

他们选择将此事看作这些人的恶劣负面特质，而我认为真相是没人愿意承认自己是不公平的玩家。

They were choosing to see this as some horrible negative thing or negative characteristic about these people rather than what I think the actual truth of the matter was is that none of them wanted to see themselves as an unfair player.

他们不愿承认自己作弊了。

They didn't want to see that they had cheated.

他们真心想参与游戏，想表现优秀，所以试图说服自己擅长这个游戏，并选择忽视获得的额外优势。

They wanted to actually play the game, they wanted to be good, so they were trying to convince themselves that they were good at the game and they chose not to look at the unfair advantage they got.

他们试图给自己留出空间，将自己视为和其他人一样的普通玩家。

They were trying to allow themselves room to see themselves as a normal player like everyone else.

重点不在于他们是恶毒卑劣之人，而在于他们身处拥有不公平优势的处境时，仍希望将自己看作正常的好人。

Rather than being malicious, evil, crappy people, The point is is that they were put in a situation where they had an unfair advantage and they wanted to see themselves as normal good people.

因此比起直面令人不安的真相，他们更容易将注意力转移到其他事情上。

So rather than facing the uncomfortable truth, they simply focused it was too easy to focus on everything else.

在这场游戏中，他们做出了数百次行动、数百个决策和计算，所有这些他们创造的事物，都被用作一种分心手段，这样他们就不必思考自己拥有不公平优势的事实——这些优势实际上并非通过努力获得，尽管他们确实付出了大量工作。

And there were hundreds of moves during this game, and hundreds of decisions, and calculations, and all of things that all of these things that they made, and so they use this as a distraction, so they don't have to think about the fact that they had an unfair advantage and that really none of it was earned because they did do a lot of work.

他们确实全程参与了游戏。

They did play the whole game.

拥有某种先天优势并不意味着完全没有复杂性或不需要任何努力。

It's not as if there's no complexity or no work at all in just having some built in advantage.

所以他们自然会专注于自己在游戏中为取得成功实际付出的努力，而非那些没做的部分。

So of course, they're going to focus on what they actually did to succeed at the game rather than what they didn't do to succeed at the game.

我想通过这个例子说明的重点是：游戏的激励机制和结构设计决定一切。

And all I'm getting at with this, what I what I wanna the point that I'm trying to drive home is that the incentives and the structure of the game are everything.

无论玩家是反社会的疯子，还是只想行善的天使般人物，这都不重要。

It doesn't matter whether the players are sociopathic lunatics or if they are literal angels who only want to do good.

我的意思是，仔细想想。

I mean, think about it.

你觉得自己算多好的人？

How good of a person are you?

你自认为是个好人。

You think of yourself as a good person.

你想要公平竞争。

You want to play fairly.

你不愿获得不公平的优势。

You don't want to get an unfair advantage.

但如果你在自家墙里发现前房主藏的一百万美元，难道你会因为不想占便宜就把它烧掉吗？

But if you found a million dollars hidden in the walls of your house from the previous owner, are you gonna, like, set it on fire because you don't want an unfair advantage?

或者仅仅是因为你幸运地获得了别人得不到的一百万美元，这就公平了吗？

Or is it simply going to be that it's fair that you lucked into a million extra dollars that other people don't get?

还是说，以你想为家人创造更好生活、想为世界做贡献为借口更容易让人接受？

Or is it easier to excuse that, you know, you wanna do better for your family and you wanna do good in the world?

你是个好人，因此你能用这一百万美元做些好事。

You're a good person, therefore, you're gonna be able to do good things with this million dollars.

那你为什么不该拥有它呢？

So why wouldn't you have have it?

你要么会把它让给别人，要么会失去这笔钱，要么会上交给政府之类的机构。

You're gonna just give it up to somebody else, or you're gonna lose the money, or you're gonna give it up to the government or something.

他们可能会用这笔钱做可怕的事，所以由你持有更好。

They're gonna do something terrible with it, so it's better that you have it.

我绝不是主张你应该在这种情况下烧掉这笔钱。

And I'm not I'm certainly not arguing that you should burn the money to that situation.

你绝对应该收下这笔钱。

You should absolutely take the money.

但在自家墙里发现钱并不是系统性的货币问题。

But finding money in the walls of your house is not a systemic monetary problem.

这不会破坏社会最基本的激励机制。

It's not something that destroys the very fundamental incentives of society.

但当问题具有系统性时，你甚至找不到对抗的方法。

But when you have something that is systemic, there's not even a way to counter it.

当我们谈论金钱腐败时，你除了无谓地伤害自己、做出错误决定来试图平衡某种不公平优势外，别无选择。

When we're talking about the way money is corrupt, there's nothing you can do but pointlessly hurt yourself and make bad decisions in order to attempt to balance out some sort of unfair advantage.

想象一下，如果你武断地决定要为抵押贷款支付12%的利息，尽管银行只要求5%，仅仅因为你不愿通过货币贬值来获取债务贬值的优势。

Imagine if you just arbitrarily decided that you were going to pay for you were gonna pay 12% on your mortgage even though you were offered 5% simply because you didn't want to get an unfair advantage on the devaluation of your debt with the printing of the money.

这怎么可能说得通呢？

Like, how does that make any sense?

你这样做岂不是在剥夺自己过上更经济生活的机会？

And what could you possibly cheating yourself out of a more affordable life?

这种行为对解决毒害我们整个经济体系的系统性货币问题能有什么帮助？

What could that possibly do to help solve the systemic monetary problem that is poisoning our entire economic system?

是的。

Yes.

这是不公平的优势，因为你能获得信贷，而信贷贬值将以社会全体净生产者的利益为代价。

It's an unfair advantage because you have access to credit, which will be devalued at the expense of all net producers in society.

但你不参与其中，对游戏的根本激励机制毫无影响——这个机制实际上正在鼓励并直接奖励人们做出同样的选择。这意味着即使整个经济系统都是由完全公正的天使组成，这仍然是一场游戏，一场争相把包袱甩给别人、尽可能获取会被货币毁灭所贬值的债务的竞赛。除了更换货币体系外，你对此无能为力。

But you not engaging in that has absolutely no effect whatsoever on the fundamental incentives of the game that are in fact causing other they are incentivizing and directly rewarding people for making that same decision, which means that even if the entire economic system was nothing but literal angels of perfect justice, it would still be a game, a race to dump the bag onto somebody else and get as much debt that will be devalued by the destruction of the money possible, and there's nothing you can do about it except replace the money.

你必须修复货币体系。

You have to fix the money.

所以我想退一步思考。

So I wanna take a step back.

我想让你想象一个游戏。

I want you to imagine a game.

让我们用美式橄榄球这样的运动来作比较。

Let's use a sport like football, American football, for our comparison.

你有没有想过游戏的本质是什么？

Now have you ever wondered what the point of a game is?

你知道吗，为什么我们对游戏如此着迷，简直难以置信地沉浸其中？

You know, why do we have so much attachment and fascination just unbelievably engrossed with a game?

游戏其实是现实世界的缩影。

So games are they're a microcosm of the real world.

它建立了一套规则和限制，玩家必须在这个环境中努力、创新、适应、克服困难，才能达成明确的目标。

It establishes a set of rules and restrictions, an environment that players have to work within in order to see them struggle, to innovate, to adapt, to overcome in order to reach a clearly defined goal.

生活充满不确定性。

Life is full of ambiguity.

生活总是混乱而模糊，我们虽然有许多目标，但它们都不够明确。

Life is full of messiness and cloudiness, and we have all of these goals, but they're not exact.

没有像游戏里那样清晰的终点线。

There's not like a clear finish line.

所有事情都相互交织在一起，但这恰恰是生活的意义所在。

Everything just kind of merges into each other, but the exact same thing is the point of life.

这就是生命的使命——我们不断前行，在宇宙中碰撞，面对环境以千百种方式试图消灭我们的挑战。

Like, this is the mission of life that we are constantly go going on, is is bumping into the universe, into the environment that's constantly trying to kill us a thousand different ways.

食物匮乏，资源稀缺，我们需要这些来改善生活，保障家庭的未来。

The the lack of food, the lack of scarce resources that we need to to better our lives or to to support and secure our family's future.

我们还有这些持续的小目标。

And we have these constant mini goals.

短期目标、长期目标、中期目标，我们围绕这些构建决策框架，在种种限制中努力达成那些标志性节点、结论，或是某种确定感。

We have these short term goals, these long term goals, these midterm goals, all of these things that we destruct we structure our decisions around, and all of these restrictions in which we're trying to reach these these these kind of markers or conclusions or these this feeling or sense of of of certainty.

我们如此热爱游戏，正是因为它消除了不确定性，但保留了完成任务的深层渴望，保留了那些限制与冲突——正是这些元素让团队协作、创新和适应变得有意义，从而达成目标。

The reason we love games so much is because it takes away the ambiguity, but it keeps that deep desire to complete a mission and the restrictions and the conflict that make being, you know, like working on a team and innovating and adapting in order to to reach that goal.

这简直就像是人生的缩影。

It's like a it's it is literally a microcosm of life.

就像故事或电影那样，通过一系列高度聚焦的事件围绕一个角色及其转变展开，展现他们经历的过程、生活与情节，最终重构他们对世界的认知。

It's kinda like how a story or a film is this super focused sequence of events about a character, about a change in a character, and the the process, life, the plot of the story that they go through to see through that change, to to reframe something about how they see the world.

他们怀有某种渴望实现的深层内心欲望，而所有这些阻碍都是为了解决这个问题，达成那个目标。

They have some deep inner desire that they want to accomplish, and these are all the things that have gotten in their way in order to to solve that, to to to reach that goal.

故事里其实省略了数十亿个细枝末节。

And the story doesn't there's billions of little things in that story that aren't actually there.

对吧？

Right?

他们不会展示角色开车上班的镜头。

They don't they don't show them driving to work.

也不会拍他们停车或是提袜子的琐事。

They don't show them parking and, you know, having to pull up their socks.

镜头直接从他们讨论推动剧情关键点的对话切到另一个场景——突然就身处异地面对新人，或是发生与角色困境和主线紧密相关的新事件。

They don't show they skip right from the last scene where they were talking to somebody about what the one thing is that progresses the story forward, and then boom, they're in a totally different place with a totally different person or an entire other thing is happening that is specifically relevant to the character struggle and the plot.

所有无关紧要的中间过程都被剥离了。

Everything in between, everything that is unnecessary and unrelated is stripped away.

游戏任务的设计也是同理。

This is kind of like what a game does for the mission.

它会明确告诉你：这就是目标。

It says, here's a goal.

消除所有模糊性，设定清晰限制——因为这样才有成就感。

Take all of the ambiguity out and set clear restrictions because that's rewarding.

回报是明确定义的。

The payoff is clearly defined.

障碍是明确定义的。

The obstacles are clearly defined.

环境是明确定义的，这既带来确定性——因为你知道可能结果的范围，也制造了巨大悬念：行动范围和可采取的措施都有明确限制，倒计时器正在跳动，目标就在眼前。你心想'只要这样做就能成功'，却不知道敌人会如何阻挠。

The environment is clearly defined, and that creates both a sense of certainty because you know within, you know, what span of possible outcomes in which the things could actually play out, but then it also creates an enormous amount of suspense because there are ex explicit limits to the field and to what actions you can take, and there's an explicit timer that's counting down, and there's an explicit goal right there, and you're like, we know we can get across it if we just do this, but you don't know what your what your enemy is going to do to stop you.

正是在这个最佳平衡点上，创造力与人类原始能量完美迸发。

And in that sweet spot is where the perfect amount of creativity and just raw human energy comes alive.

我最喜欢的写作教授曾说（说来有趣，我虽没主修英语却一直热爱写作）——

You know, one of my favorite, writing professors, one of my my favorite professors that I ever had, which is funny because I didn't actually take English, but I've always loved writing.

我选择电影学院是因为痴迷故事。

I I went to film school because I love stories.

她有个令我惊艳的观点：多数人认为创造力的秘诀在于拥有无限选择。

But one of the things that she said that I thought was so cool and was such a great framing was that, you know, most people think that kind of the secret to creativity is just having unlimited options.

就像'完全不要限制自己'。

It's like, don't restrict yourself at all.

只要把白纸放在面前，就能写任何东西。

Just put a piece of paper in front of you, and now you can write anything you want.

别顾虑，随便写什么都可以。

Don't worry about what are just anything.

你拥有整个宇宙的可能性。

You have the whole universe of options.

但现实中，这往往正是创作瓶颈的根源——当选择清单近乎无限时，你反而会因'为何单选这个'而陷入瘫痪。

When in reality, that's actually more often than not the source of writer's block because you're overwhelmed by the fact that why would you pick this one thing when literally infinite infinity is your list of options.

激发创意灵感的秘诀之一，就是在写作过程中主动设置限制条件，用特定提示将你锁定在某个情境中，迫使你必须通过文字创作来突破困境。

And that part of the secret of encouraging, like, creative juices and and getting you in the flow of actually writing is to actually build in restrictions, build in a prompt that locks you in to some environment and so that you have to write your way out of it.

调动人类创造力的方法，就是实实在在地设置障碍——清晰的障碍，好让你能亲手推翻它们。

That the way to tap into human creative energies is to literally put barriers in your way, clear barriers, so that you can knock them down.

这正是游戏的魅力所在。

That's the beauty of the game.

现在试想如果游戏设计得很糟糕。

Now imagine if the game was designed poorly.

如果激励机制被破坏会导致什么结果？

What would be the outcome if you broke the incentive structure?

如果裁判和场馆所有者可以随意决定比赛得分会怎样？

So what if the referees and the owners of the arena could actually just hand out as many points in the game as they wanted?

起初人们会觉得这不公平、有违常理，明显与正在进行的真实比赛相冲突。

And for a while, this is seen as, you know, unfair, you know, out of character, and it's clearly at odds with the actual game being played.

但这种情况逐渐发生，直到最后变得习以为常。

But it happens just a little bit at a time until it just becomes normalized.

别忘了，裁判、场馆所有者和高管们也都是游戏参与者。

And remember, the referees and the arena owners and the executives, they're all part of the game too.

他们实际上也会下场参与游戏。

They actually get out on the field and they play the game.

我们是在用社会游戏作类比。

We're talking about the game of society in analogy.

没有人能真正脱离这场游戏，包括管理者。

No one is actually separate from the game, even the managers.

那会发生什么？

So what happens?

裁判们会想办法给自己加分。

Well, the referees are gonna figure out how to give themselves points.

高管和老板们会想办法给自己和配偶加分。

The executives and the owners are gonna figure out how to give themselves points and their their spouses points.

时间一长，球员们就会意识到，与其认真比赛，不如讨好裁判和高管来得成功。

And over a long enough timeline, the players are gonna realize that playing the game isn't as successful as just playing the referees and the executives.

只要时间够长，如果裁判、高管、老板、包厢里的贵宾能决定比赛胜负，

On a long enough timeline, if a referee, if an executive, if an owner, if the people up in the box seating can determine who wins the game.

他们可以直接给某支球队加40分，久而久之球队靠被加分20分取胜就成了常态。

They can just issue 40 points to a particular team, and it just kinda becomes common for teams to just win because they got issued 20 points.

谁还会费心钻研如何踢好足球呢？

Who's gonna keep spending all their energy learning how to play better football?

这让我想到GG文章里引用的观点——我们上集讨论过的不可剥夺的财产权。

And this actually brings me to a point, to a quote that GG had in his piece, the inalienable property rights that we covered in the last episode.