纪念一战圣诞休战

嗨。

Hi.

我是玛丽·路易丝·凯利。

It's Mary Louise Kelly.

如果你今天在庆祝圣诞节，祝你圣诞快乐。

Merry Christmas if you are celebrating today.

感谢你在这个假期抽出时间与我们相伴。

Thank you for spending some of the holiday with us.

如果你需要为身边热爱NPR的人准备一份临终礼物，不妨选择一份持久的礼物——NPR Plus。

If you need a last minute gift for the NPR superfan in your life, you can give a gift that keeps on giving, NPR Plus.

NPR Plus有助于维持NPR独立的新闻报道。

NPR Plus helps sustain NPR's independent journalism.

它为你们最爱的播客注入了大量关爱。

It gives your favorite podcasts a lot of love.

此外，支持者还能享受专属福利，比如收听NPR各播客的额外剧集等，你不仅能为妈妈、兄弟、最好的朋友——或者刚刚意识到还没送礼物的任何人——带来惊喜，也在支持公共媒体。

Plus, supporters get access to special perks, perks like bonus episodes, and more from across NPR's podcasts, and you'll be supporting public media while you make your mom or your brother, your best friend, whoever you just realized you forgot something for, really happy today.

直接前往 +.npr.org。

Just go to +.npr.org.

点击你想要赠送的选项，然后选择作为礼物赠送。

Click on the option you want to give and choose, give as a gift.

就是 +.npr.org。

That's +.npr.org.

现在进入今天的节目。

Now to today's episode.

第一次世界大战爆发后的几个月里，欧洲的年轻男子成千上万地互相残杀。

In the months after World War one erupted, young men in Europe were killing each other by the tens of thousands.

然而在1914年一个冰冻的平安夜，枪声短暂地停歇了。

Yet on a frozen Christmas Eve in 1914, the guns briefly fell silent.

圣诞停战已成为传奇，那一天的故事一再被电影、音乐和舞台剧所讲述。

The Christmas truce has become the stuff of legend, and the story of that day has been told again and again in film, in music, and on stage.

为纪念停战一百周年，2014年英国超市连锁店森斯伯里制作了这支圣诞广告。

For the hundredth anniversary of the truce in 2014, the British supermarket chain Sainsbury's created this Christmas ad.

广告始于圣诞节前夜，英军战壕中，雪夜漆黑潮湿。

The ad begins on Christmas Eve on a snowy night in a dark, damp trench on the British side of the front.

邮件刚刚送达。

Mail has just arrived.

跳棋。

Checkers.

打开。

Open.

不。

No.

家人的来信、恋人的照片、一块厚巧克力和蓝色包装纸。

Letters from home, pictures of sweethearts, a thick chocolate bar, and blue wrapping.

然后，远处传来了德军的歌声。

And then from far away comes the sound of German voices singing.

英军也加入了合唱。

The British join in.

《一切平静》是彼得·罗斯坦根据停火事件创作的一部歌剧。

All is calm is an opera by Peter Rothstein based on the truce.

德国和英国士兵在合唱《平安夜》时彼此对望，最终转过身来，共同面向观众。

The German and British soldiers face each other as they sing silent night before eventually turning to face the audience as one.

多年来，《平安夜》已与停火故事密不可分，同样深入人心的还有那幅震撼的画面——第一名士兵缓缓走出无人区。

Silent night has become inextricably linked with the tellings of the truce over the years, so has the striking visual of the first soldier to slowly venture out into no man's land.

正如约翰·麦卡切恩在1984年的歌曲《战壕中的圣诞节》中所描述的那样。

As John McCutcheon describes here in his 1984 song Christmas in the Trenches.

有个人正朝我们走来，前线哨兵格兰德说道。

There's someone coming towards us, the frontline sentry grind.

所有人的目光都聚焦在从对方阵地独自走来的一个人影上。

All sights were fixed on one lone figure trudging from their side.

他手中的停火旗如同圣诞之星，在那片土地上熠熠生辉，他勇敢地赤手空拳漫步于夜色之中。

His truce flag like a Christmas star shone on that plane so bright as he bravely strolled unarmed into the night.

在2005年的电影《乔亚·诺埃尔》中，双方的领导人会在无人区会面。

In the 2005 film, Joya Noel, the leaders of each side meet in No Man's Land.

晚上好。

Good evening.

你会说英语吗？

Do you speak English?

会。

Yes.

一点点。

A little.

太好了。

Wonderful.

我们刚才在谈圣诞节前夕停火的事。

We were talking about a ceasefire for Christmas Eve.

你觉得怎么样？

What do you think?

这场战争的结果不会在今晚决定。

The outcome of this war won't be decided tonight.

我不认为有人会因为我们在圣诞夜放下步枪而责备我们。

I don't think anyone would criticize us for laying down our rifles on Christmas Eve.

慢慢地，犹豫地，战壕之间的空地上布满了士兵。

Slowly, hesitantly, the field between the trenches fills with soldiers.

当每个士兵都在对面的脸上看到自己内心的恐惧与释然时，庆祝活动便开始了。

And then once every soldier recognizes his own fear and relief reflected in the faces that stare back at him, the festivities begin.

士兵们互相握手，自我介绍，递香烟和酒瓶给对方。

Soldiers shake hands, introduce themselves, offer cigarettes and bottles to each other.

这酒不错啊，德国佬。

That's good stuff, Jerry.

嗨。

Hi.

非常感谢。

Thank you very much.

即使在1969年对第一次世界大战的音乐讽刺剧《哦，多么可爱的战争》中，休战也被以庄重的方式呈现，尽管他们也加入了一些幽默。

Even in the 1969 musical satire of World War one, oh, what a lovely war, the truce is depicted with reverence, though they do get a few jokes in.

你知道战争什么时候结束吗？

Do you know when the war will end?

等到我们春季攻势之后，

After our spring offensive,

我想是的。

I should think.

在保罗·麦卡特尼1983年单曲《和平之管》的音乐视频中，他扮演了两名德国和英国士兵，在无人区交换了彼此亲人的照片。

In the music video for his 1983 single Pipes of Peace, Paul McCartney played both a German and British soldier who exchanged photos of their loved ones in no man's land.

帮他们着陆。

Help them to land.

欢乐之子，而非燃烧吧，燃烧。

Sons of joy instead of burn, baby burn.

但是

But

每个重新演绎的结局都是一样的。

each reimagining ends the same way.

战争仍在继续。

War continues.

远处的枪炮声将无法逃避的现实带回这不可能的和平时刻，令士兵们匆忙返回战壕。

Distant blasts of gunfire bring the inescapable reality back into the impossible moment of peace, sending the men scrambling back to their trenches.

很快，晨光降临，法国再次成为法国。

Soon daylight stole upon us, and France was France once more.

带着悲伤的告别，我们各自重新投入战争。

With sad farewells, we each began to settle back to war.

但那个奇妙夜晚的每一个幸存者心中都萦绕着一个问题。

But the question haunted every heart that lived that wondrous night.

我瞄准的是谁的家庭？

Whose family have I fixed within my sights?

在桑斯伯里超市的广告中，一名德国士兵回到战壕，伸手摸进口袋，发现了一块用蓝色包装纸包着的巧克力。

In the Sainsbury's ad, a German soldier settles back into the trenches, looks in his pocket, and finds a chocolate bar wrapped in blue.

考虑到如今战争仍在继续，圣诞节停火的想法显得愈发意义深远，却又愈发遥不可及。

Consider this, as wars continue today, the idea of a Christmas truce feels as meaningful and as elusive as ever.

接下来，我们将通过亲历者的叙述，还原一个多世纪前那个圣诞节究竟发生了什么。

Coming up, we'll reconstruct what actually happened on that Christmas more than a century ago through the words of the men who lived it.

来自NPR，我是玛丽·路易丝·凯利。

From NPR, I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

本周，在特朗普的主导下，一项历时五年特别报道。

This week on Trump's terms, a special report five years in the making.

我有一位总统，赦免了所有袭击我的人。

I've got a president that pardoned all the people that assaulted

我。

me.

1月6日，为何这个故事尚未结束。

January 6, why the story isn't over.

我每天都收到死亡威胁。

I get death threats every single day.

我们仍身处我的创伤之中。

We're still living in the midst of my trauma.

本周收听NPR调查团队在《特朗普说了算》播客中关于1月6日的特别报道。

Listen to a special report on January 6 from NPR's investigations team this week on the Trump's Terms podcast from NPR.

跟上新闻可能感觉像一份24小时不停的工作。

Keeping up with the news can feel like a twenty four hour job.

幸运的是，这正是我们的工作。

Luckily, it is our job.

在NPR新闻即时播客中，每小时我们都会将最新、最重要的新闻事件整理成五分钟的短节目，方便你在会议间隙或赶路时轻松收听。

Every hour on the NPR News Now podcast, we take the latest, most important stories happening, and we package them into five minute episodes so you can easily squeeze them in between meetings and on your way to that thing.

收听NPR新闻即时播客。

Listen to the NPR News Now podcast.

现在就听。

Now.

关注新闻很重要，但当你需要休息时，NPR的音乐播客《All Songs Considered》能为你提供陪伴。

Making time for the news is important, but when you need a break, we've got you covered on All Songs Considered, NPR's music podcast.

把它想象成一场音乐发现之旅、一场与朋友共度的应得放松，以及一些深刻的音乐洞见。

Think of it like a music discovery show, a well deserved escape with friends, and, yeah, some serious music insight.

我是个真实的人。

I'm a keep it real.

我不知道

I have no idea what

这个故事讲的是什么。

the story is about.

每周二在您收听播客的任何平台收听《All Songs Considered》的新集。

Hear new episodes of All Songs Considered every Tuesday wherever you get podcasts.

这是来自NPR的《It's Considered》。

It's considered this from NPR.

我是玛丽·露易丝·凯利。

I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

2014年，欧洲纪念了圣诞节休战一百周年。

In 2014, Europe marked the one hundredth anniversary of the Christmas truce.

当时，我们前联合主持人阿里·夏皮罗是伦敦的记者，他试图通过当时亲历者的故事来还原那一天的事件。

At the time, our former cohost Ari Shapiro was a correspondent in London, and he set out to reconstruct the events of that day using the accounts of people who were there.

这就是那个故事。

Here's that story.

当然，现在已经没有经历过第一次世界大战的幸存老兵来讲述这个故事了，但我们仍然保留着他们的信件和日记中的文字。

Of course, there are no longer any living veterans of World War one to tell this story, but we still have their words in letters and diaries.

在某些情况下，我们甚至还有他们的声音。

In some cases, we even have their voices.

在圣诞前夜中午，双方战线上的炮火完全停止了。

On Christmas Eve at noon, fire ceased completely on both fronts.

这些是英国帝国战争博物馆多年前录制的口述历史。

These are oral histories that Britain's Imperial War Museum recorded years ago.

那是德国军官瓦尔特·斯坦尼斯。

That was German army officer Walter Stennis.

这是英国士兵科林·威尔逊。

Here's British soldier Colin Wilson.

我们还加入了更近期录制的音乐。

We've added more recent recordings of the music.

我们听到一个德国人唱着歌，当然是用德语唱的。

We heard a German singing, how unite, of course, in German naturally.

到处都能听到各种圣诞祝福的喊声。

There was all sorts of Christmas greetings being shouted across.

没有人主动来找我们。

No man planned to us.

这些德国人喊道：‘你们怎么不唱一首？’

These the Germans, they shouted out, well, what about you singing?

平安夜。

Holy night.

我们当然得回应，但说实话，我们唱得并不好。

Well, we had to go, but, of course, we we wasn't very good at that.

关于圣诞休战，没有一个单一的故事。

There's not one single story of the Christmas truce.

在西线战区的每一处，都有成千上万的故事。

There are thousands of stories from all up and down the Western Front.

这一切都是独立进行的。

It was all done independently.

威廉·斯宾塞是英国国家档案馆的军事专家。

William Spencer is a military specialist at the British National Archives.

只是一些零零散散的小事。

It was little bits and pieces dotted.

并不是一个统一的决定。

It wasn't a blanket decision made right.

我们都会走出战壕，与敌人互动交流。

We will all get out of our trenches and fraternize with the enemy.

在圣诞节前的几周里，前线的生活非常凄惨。

In the weeks leading up to Christmas, life was miserable on the front lines.

天气潮湿而寒冷。

The weather was wet and frigid.

战壕基本上是巨大的沟渠，不断坍塌并积满水。

The trenches were basically large ditches collapsing and filling with water.

艾伦·韦克菲尔德是帝国战争博物馆的历史学家。

Alan Wakefield is a historian at the Imperial War Museum.

因此，他们达成了小规模的停火协议，双方实际走出战壕，在彼此视线范围内进行维修工作。

So they do small scale truces where they actually get out of the trenches and do repair work within sight of each other.

双方都没有开火，因为他们都只是想让生活稍微好过一点。

Nobody's firing at each other because they're both just trying to make life a bit more bearable.

这其实是你第一次真正看到敌人，因为在堑壕战中，你们通常都躲在地下。

This is the first chance really that you're getting to see the enemy because normally in a trench war, you're under the ground.

那是12月中旬，然后圣诞节到了。

So that was mid December, then Christmas arrives.

我们请同事朗读了一些描述接下来发生事情的信件和日记条目。

We've asked our colleagues to read some of the letters and diary entries describing what happened next.

一名名叫欧内斯特·莫利的士兵写信回家，说他的士兵们决定在平安夜送给德军一份礼物：三首歌，然后是五轮快速射击。

A soldier named Ernest Morley writes home, saying his men decided to give the Germans a gift on Christmas Eve, three songs then five rounds of rapid gunfire.

他们以《牧羊人仰望》这首圣歌开始。

They started with the carol while shepherds watched.

我们唱完后停了下来，准备献上节目中的第二项内容。

We finished that and paused, preparing to give them the second item on the program.

我们听到对方阵线传来了回应的歌声。

We heard answering strains arising from their lines.

接着，他们开始朝我们喊话。

Then they started shouting across to us.

因此，我们停止了所有敌对行动，开始回喊。

Therefore, we stopped any hostile operations and commenced to shout back.

他们中有人喊道：‘英国人，圣诞快乐！’

One of them shouted, a Merry Christmas English.

我们今晚不开枪。

We are not shooting tonight.

德国人点亮了灯笼，挂在战壕上方。

Germans lit lanterns and put them up above the trench.

步枪手莫利说，英国人试图超越他们。

Rifleman Morley says the British tried to outdo them.

在我对面，他们排成一列，有一盏灯和九支蜡烛，而我们则把能找来的所有蜡烛和灯都插在战壕边缘的刺刀上。

Opposite me, they had one lamp and nine candles in a row, and we had all the candles and lights we could muster stuck up on our bayonets above the parapet.

圣诞节当天，太阳升起，一切宁静。

On Christmas Day, the sun rises and all is calm.

MS理查德森中尉在给家人的信中描述了德国士兵小心翼翼地从战壕中现身的情景。

Lieutenant MS Richardson writes a letter to his family where he describes German soldiers cautiously emerging from the trenches.

情况荒谬至极，于是我和另一位军官走出去，与他们的七名军官会面。

The situation was so absurd that another officer of ours and myself went out and met seven of their officers.

他们在被称为无人区的战壕之间交换了礼物。

They exchanged gifts in the area between the trenches called no man's land.

其中一人递给我一包我寄给你的香烟，而我们则送了他们一个李子布丁。

One of them presented me with the packet of cigarettes I sent you, and we gave them a plum pudding.

然后我们与他们握手并互相敬礼。

And then we shook hands with them and saluted each other.

一些士兵利用这一天埋葬了阵亡的战友。

Some of the soldiers used the day to bury their dead.

第二中尉威尔伯·斯宾塞在一周前目睹了许多部下阵亡。

Second lieutenant Wilbur Spencer watched many of his men fall a week earlier.

在圣诞节那天，他写道，与那些杀害了他朋友的德国士兵握手，感觉很奇怪。

On Christmas Day, he writes, it was strange to shake hands with the German soldiers who killed his friends.

他们把我们的死者抬了过来。

They carried over our dead.

我不会描述我所看到的那些景象，我永远无法忘记。

I won't describe the sights I saw and which I shall never forget.

我们就这样安葬了死者。

We buried the dead as they were.

威尔伯那天拍了一张照片。

Wilbur took a photograph that day.

在帝国战争博物馆，历史学家韦克菲尔德给我展示了这张黑白照片。

At the Imperial War Museum, historian Wakefield shows me the black and white image.

这张照片显示，前景中有四名英国士兵站在一座坟墓旁——那是新挖的坟墓，背景中是一群英国和德国士兵，正在为其他阵亡者挖掘新的坟墓。

The photograph here shows four British soldiers in the foreground beside a grave, a recently dug grave, and a mixed group of German and British in the background actually digging fresh graves for for other casualties.

大地平坦而荒凉，天空一片辽阔空白。

The earth is flat and bare with a huge blank sky.

一座小小的白色十字架从地面突出。

A small white cross sticks out of the ground.

每当在歌曲和戏剧中描绘停战时，总会出现一场足球赛。

Whenever the truce is portrayed in songs and plays, there is always a soccer match.

于是我请历史学家给我展示有关这场比赛的记载。

So I asked historians to show me accounts of the game.

我们没有任何关于此事的文献证据。

We don't have any documentary evidence of that.

这是来自国家档案馆的斯宾塞。

This is Spencer from the National Archives.

部队的战争日志中没有任何记录表明，这个营与这支特定的德国步兵团之间举行过足球比赛。

There's nothing recorded in the unit war diaries which say a football match took place between this battalion and and the this particular German infantry regiment.

我原本以为这可能只是他的收藏中缺失了一部分。

I thought maybe it was just a gap in his collection.

于是我询问了帝国战争博物馆的韦克菲尔德，他写过一本关于这一主题的书，名为《战壕中的圣诞节》。

So I asked Wakefield at the Imperial War Museum who has written a book on the subject called Christmas in the Trenches.

他说这存在争议，但最终

He said it's contentious, but ultimately

任何有组织的足球比赛的说法在文献中都站不住脚。

The idea of any organized football game is not doesn't stand up in in the documentation.

大约有三万名英国士兵参与了停战。

About 30,000 British soldiers were involved in the truce.

韦克菲尔德说，可能有一百人与德国人进行了有组织的足球比赛。

Wakefield says maybe a 100 played organized soccer games against the Germans.

在某些地方，双方共同举行了祈祷仪式。

In some places, the two sides held prayer services together.

他们交换了纪念品，比如韦克菲尔德在博物馆给我看的一个小铜扣。

They exchanged mementos like a small brass button that Wakefield shows me at the museum.

他显然从自己的制服上取下这个纽扣，送给了英国士兵，而德国士兵则在纽扣上刻上了自己的名字和家乡——萨克森。

He obviously took that button off his tunic to give it to the the British soldiers, and he's he's the German soldiers put his name and his hometown, which is in Saxony.

对于战争历史学家来说，流血牺牲是日常的记忆。

For war historians, bloodshed is a daily memory.

所以我问斯宾塞，他是如何看待这一片刻和平的。

So I asked Spencer how he relates to this one moment of peace.

这是在非人化环境中人们的人性一面。

This is the human side of people in a dehumanizing environment.

他说，当指挥官们得知

He says when commanders learned about

停战消息后，他们勃然大怒。

the truce, they were furious.

1914年圣诞节刚过，就立即下达了各种命令，并在1915年12月再次强力重申，绝不允许此类事件再次发生。

Various orders were sent down straight after Christmas in 1914 and heavily reinforced in December 1915 for this particular occurrence not to happen again.

德国人被警告，如果再举行停战，将被枪决。

Germans were warned that if they staged another truce, they would be shot.

英国士兵则被威胁要接受军事法庭审判。

British soldiers were threatened with court martial.

但许多参与圣诞休战的士兵拒绝再向对手开火，直到其他士兵前来接替他们的位置。

But many of the men who took part in the Christmas truce refused to fire on their opponents again until the day other soldiers came to take their place.

这是阿里·夏皮罗在圣诞休战一百周年之际从伦敦报道的故事。

That's the story Ari Shapiro reported from London back 14 on the one hundredth anniversary of the Christmas truce.

这是来自NPR的报道。

It's consider this from NPR.

我是玛丽·路易丝·凯利。

I'm Mary Louise Kelly.

圣诞快乐。

Merry Christmas.

你关心世界上正在发生的事情。

You care about what's happening in the world.

通过NPR的《世界现状》播客，及时了解全球动态。

Stay informed with NPR's state of the world podcast.

几分钟后，我们将带您了解世界各地的故事。

In just a few minutes, we take you to stories around the globe.

你可能会听到关于世界冲突的最新进展，或者全球事件如何影响你咖啡的价格。

You might hear the latest developments in world conflicts conflicts or about what global events mean for the price of your coffee.

收听NPR的《世界现状》播客。

Listen to the state of the world podcast from NPR.

NPR的播客《特朗普任期》为你提供关于特朗普政府重大新闻的当日更新。

NPR's podcast Trump's terms is your source for same day updates on big news about the Trump administration.

每集短小精悍，聚焦一个主题，时长约五分钟。

Short focused episodes, one topic at a time, about five minutes or so.

我们精选NPR所有报道内容，确保你始终获取最重要、最紧急的新闻。

We curate reporting from across all of NPR's coverage, so you are always getting the biggest, most urgent stories.

在NPR应用程序或你收听播客的任何平台收听《特朗普任期》。

Listen to Trump's terms on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

拉丁音乐从未如此兴盛，但它一直深受所有拉美人的喜爱。

Latin music has never been bigger, but it's always been big on all Latino.

十五年来，我们通过音乐的视角持续庆祝拉丁身份，跨越国界，通过RIPMO传递声音。

Fifteen years in, we continue celebrating Latinidad through a music lens, transcending borders through RIPMO.

深入了解来自拉文化（La Cultura）的艺术家，并将一些新的拉丁音乐佳作加入你的歌单。

Get to know artists from La Cultura on a deeper level, and throw some new Latin music wrecks into your rotation.

在NPR应用或你收听播客的任何平台收听《Alt Latino》。

Listen to Alt Latino in the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.