谈论未来

这是来自BBC英语学习的下载内容。欲了解更多信息，请访问我们的网站。

This is a download from BBC Learning English. To find out more, visit our website.

六分钟语法。

Six Minute Grammar.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。大家好，欢迎收听由我凯瑟琳主持的《六分钟语法》。

From bbclearningenglish.com. Hello, and welcome to six Minute Grammar with me, Catherine.

还有我，芬恩。大家好。

And me, Finn. Hello.

今天，我们将探讨六种不同的方式来表达将来时，比如will和be going to。

And today, we're talking about six different ways of talking about the future, like will and be going to.

我们还可以使用一般现在时和现在进行时。此外，我们还将分享其他几种表达方式。

And we can also use the present simple and continuous tenses. And we're going to share a couple of other ways as well.

没错。和往常一样，节目最后会有个小测验来检验你的学习成果。那么让我们开始吧。首先，我们来看看'will'和'be going to'。它们都非常常见，很多时候可以类似地用于表达预测，但并非总是如此。

That's right. And as usual, there'll be a quiz at the end to test what you've learned. So let's get started. First, we'll look at 'will' and 'be going to'. They're both very common and a lot of the time they're used in a similar way to talk about predictions, but not always.

那么，我们来听一个关于‘be going to’用法的例子。Finn，有个问题要问你。

So, let's hear an example of be going to. And Finn, a question for you.

好的。

Okay.

今晚晚餐吃什么？

What's for dinner tonight?

我打算做我最爱吃的菜。

I'm going to cook my favourite meal.

我知道是什么。

I know what that is.

是咖喱。

That's curry.

没错。永远都是。

It is. Always.

我已经准备好所有食材了。你呢，凯瑟琳，你打算做什么？

I've got all the ingredients already. And you, Catherine, what about you?

其实我还没具体计划。好吧，我可能会做些简单的，比如番茄汤。

Well, I haven't actually made any plans. Alright. So I'll probably just have something simple like tomato soup.

听起来很美味。

Sounds yummy.

是的。芬恩准备做咖喱，他在说话时就已经计划好了。这是他打算或计划要做咖喱。我们经常这样使用be going to的结构。

Yeah. So Finn is going to cook curry. He already knew his plan at the time of speaking. It's his intention or his plan to cook curry. And we often use be going to in this way.

凯瑟琳，你刚才说番茄汤是怎么说的来着？

And Catherine, what did you say about tomato soup again?

我说我可能会做些简单的，比如番茄汤。

I said I'll probably have something simple like tomato soup.

对。所以凯瑟琳用了I'll或will（我将要），但她是说话时才做的决定。这就是will和going to的主要区别之一。好的，我们还有四种谈论未来的方式要探讨。

Yes. So Catherine used I'll or will I will but she made her decision at the time of speaking. So this is one of the main differences between will and going to. Okay. So we have four more ways of talking about the future to look at.

是的。我们还需要多聊聊你的咖喱，芬恩，在‘所以这是你一个人吃饭吗？’

We do. And we have to talk some more about your curry, Finn, at So this are you eating alone?

不，我是和几个朋友一起吃饭。

No. I'm eating with a couple of friends.

嗯哼。这次我的问题和芬恩的回答都用了现在进行时。但我们用现在进行时来谈论未来。像这样的安排我们用现在进行时。所以芬恩已经安排好和朋友一起吃饭了。

Uh-huh. Now, this time my question and Finn's answer are both in the present continuous. But we're using the present continuous to talk about the future. We use the present continuous for arrangements like this. So Finn has arranged to eat with friends.

是的，我要和朋友一起吃饭。而且你知道，我们也可以用‘be going to’来表达这个意思，但不能用‘will’。所以我可以说是‘我打算和几个朋友一起吃饭’。

Yes. I'm eating with friends. And you know, we could also use be going to for this as well, but not will. So I could say I'm going to eat with a couple of friends.

所以有三种方式。现在还有另一种现在时可以用来谈论未来，那就是一般现在时。那么，咖喱时间又到了，芬恩。

So that's three ways. And now there's another present tense we can use to talk about the future and that's the present simple. So, curry time again, Finn.

我们来聊聊咖喱吧。

Let's talk about curry.

你的朋友们什么时候来吃晚饭？

When are your friends coming to dinner?

嗯，我的朋友们要赶一个非常紧张的行程经过伦敦。他们下午5点到达车站，我们6点吃晚饭，然后他们当晚9点就要乘飞机离开。

Well, my friends are passing through London on a very tight schedule. So they arrive at the station at 5PM, we eat dinner at 6PM, and they leave on a plane at 9PM the same night.

真令人兴奋。这正好说明了为什么我们用一般现在时表示将来事件。我们用这个时态谈论时刻表。你的朋友们下午5点到站，我们6点共进晚餐，他们当晚9点乘机离开。

How exciting. And that conveniently demonstrates why we use the present simple for future events. We use it to talk about timetables. Your friends arrive at the station at 5PM. We eat dinner at 6PM, and they leave on a plane at 9PM the same night.

这些都是计划在特定时间发生的事情。

And these are all things that are planned to happen at specific times.

没错。凯瑟琳，现在轮到你用下一个形式——'be about to'，来谈谈你的晚餐计划了。好吗？

Right. Now, Catherine, it's your turn to use our next form, be about to, to talk about your dinner plans. Okay?

好的。我正要说些关于番茄汤的事。

Yes. And I'm about to say something about tomato soup.

你正要说了。是的。好的。非常棒。很机智。

You're about to. Yes. Okay. Very good. Very clever.

是的。所以我们用'be about to'表示即将发生的事情。'be about to'后面接动词原形。比如电影即将开始，或者火车即将离站之类的表达。

Yes. So we use be about to for things in the very near future. And be about to is followed by the base form of a verb. So the film is about to start or the train is about to leave things like that.

很好。我们已经探讨了五种谈论未来的方式。那第六种呢？

Great. So we've now looked at five ways of talking about the future. What about the sixth?

其实第六种并非时态，甚至不是一个短语，只是一组日常普通动词。现在有请耐心等候的卡勒姆，请仔细听他用来描述未来的动词。

Well, the sixth way isn't actually a tense. It's not even a phrase. It's just a group of normal everyday verbs. And now it's time to bring in Callum who's been waiting patiently. Listen carefully for the verbs that Callum uses to talk about the future.

我计划参加晚间编程课程，目标是在晚上8点前完成所有准备工作。王春打算搬到柏林。我们已安排明年春天线下见面。她决定收下那笔钱。

I plan to do evening classes in coding. I aim to finish all the preparation by 8PM. Wang Chun intends to move to Berlin. We've arranged to meet in person next spring. She decided to take the money.

很好。我们听到了plan（计划）、aim（目标）、intend（打算）、arrange（安排）和decide（决定）。实际上，许多动词都可以这样使用，后接to和动词原形来表达未来。请留意这些用法。谢谢卡勒姆。

Good. So we heard plan, aim, intend, arrange and decide. In fact, lots of verbs can be used like this, followed by to and the base form of a verb to talk about the future. So listen out for them. Oh, and thank you, Callum.

不客气。这里是六分钟语法。

You're welcome. Six Minute Grammar.

来自bbclearningenglish.com。现在是测验时间。第一题：如果你已制定去法国的计划，哪句更合适？A. 我今年将去法国旅行；还是B. 我今年打算去法国旅行？

From bbclearningenglish.com. And now it's quiz time. Question one. If you've already made a plan to visit France, which is better? A, I will travel to France this year, or b, I'm going to travel to France this year?

答案是B，'我今年打算去法国旅行'。第二题：哪句正确？A. 我们即将在明年夏天结婚；还是B. 我们计划明年夏天结婚。

The answer is b, I'm going to travel to France this year. Number two. Which is correct? A, we're about to get married next summer. Or b, We plan to get married next summer.

正确答案是 b) 我们计划明年夏天结婚。

And the correct answer is b) We plan to get married next summer.

问答环节到此结束。如果你全部答对了，那就太棒了。

And that's the end of the quiz. Well done if you got all those right.

确实很棒。节目也到此结束。更多相关内容请访问我们的网站 bbclearningenglish.com。下次六分钟语法节目再见。

Well done indeed. And that's also the end of the show. There's more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again for more six Minute Grammar. Bye.

六

Six

分钟语法。

Minute Grammar.

来自BBC。

From the BBC.