危机来临前：如何为家人做好财务照护准备

如何确保在必要时能管理父母或其他亲属的财务状况，以及他人如何为你提供同样的帮助。

How to make sure you can manage your parents' or other relatives' finances if necessary, and how someone could do the same for you.

以上内容及更多精彩，尽在本周六《杂色满钱》个人理财特辑。

That and more on this Saturday personal finance edition of Motley Full Money.

我是罗伯特·布罗坎普，本周我与认证财务规划师兼作家贝丝·平斯克探讨了财务照护者面临的挑战，以及事前准备如何带来天壤之别。

I'm Robert Brokamp and this week I speak with certified financial planner and author Beth Pinsker about the challenges of being a financial caregiver and how being prepared beforehand makes a world of difference.

但首先让我们关注几则财经头条，从就业前线传来的沉重消息开始。

But first let's look at some money related headlines, starting with some somber news from the employment front.

11月20日，劳工部发布了延迟的9月就业报告，显示失业率微升至4.4%，创2021年以来最高水平。

On November 20, Department of Labor released the delayed employment report for September, showing that the unemployment rate ticked up to 4.4%, the highest level since 2021.

据彭博社马修·博斯勒报道，就业报告显示除医疗保健和休闲行业外，

According to Bloomberg's Matthew Bossler, the jobs report showed that, except for health care and leisure, U.

美国

S.

私营部门就业人数已连续五个月下降，这是过去35年经济衰退期外从未出现过的现象。

Private sector employment has declined in each of the last five months, something that's never happened in the past thirty five years outside of a recession.

本周薪资处理公司ADP宣布，私营企业在11月裁员32,000人，其中受影响最严重的是员工人数不超过50人的小型企业。

Then this week payroll processing firm ADP announced that private companies laid off 32,000 workers in November, the hardest hit being small businesses with 50 or fewer employees.

留职人员的年薪同比增幅也从10月的4.5%微降至4.4%。

Year over year pay increases for those who remained on the jobs also slightly declined to 4.4% from 4.5% in October.

随后在周四，咨询公司Challenger Gray and Christmas报告称，雇主们宣布计划在11月裁员超过70,000人。

And then on Thursday, consulting firm Challenger Gray and Christmas reported that employers announced plans to lay off more than 70,000 employees in November.

这是在10月宣布裁员150,000人的基础上增加的，后者创下了22年来该月份的最高纪录。

That was on top of the 150,000 cuts announced in October, which was the highest total for that month in twenty two years.

2025年已公布的裁员总数达到1,170,000人，较去年同期增长54%，创下自2020年疫情以来的最高水平。

The total number of announced layoffs for 2025 is 1,170,000, which is 54% higher than the same 11 period last year, and the highest level since 2020, the year of the pandemic.

劳动力市场的疲软是美联储今年两次降息的最大原因，本周很可能再次采取行动。

This softness in the labor market is the biggest reason the Federal Reserve has cut rates twice this year and is very likely to do so again this week.

这让我们关注到新闻的第二条——2025年债券市场的表现。

Which brings us to our second item from the news, and that is the performance of bonds in 2025.

随着利率下降，债券价格上涨，以先锋全债市ETF衡量，今年迄今债券总回报率已超过7%。

As rates go down, bond prices go up, resulting in a more than 7% total return from bonds so far this year, as measured by the performance of the Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF.

债券正朝着过去二十年中表现第三好的年份迈进。

Bonds are on pace to have their third best year of the past two decades.

当然，对于非股票资金你还有其他选择，这就引出了本周的数字——8万亿美元。根据Crane数据，这是货币市场基金持有的总金额，创下历史新高。

Of course, have other options for your non stock money, which brings us to the number of the week, and that is $8,000,000,000,000 That's the total amount held in money market funds, which is the highest level ever, according to Crane data.

随着美联储降息，现金收益也会减少，但货币市场基金的收益率仍高于银行存款。

As the Fed lowers rates, the amount you earn on your cash also decreases, but money market funds are still offering higher yields than what you can get from the bank.

根据追踪100家最大基金的Crane 100货币基金指数显示，平均收益率为3.8%，而Bankrate数据显示普通储蓄账户的平均收益率仅为0.6%。

According to the Crane 100 Money Fund Index, which tracks the 100 largest funds, the average yield is 3.8% compared to a paltry 0.6% for the average savings account, according to Bankrate.

需要注意的是，与银行提供的货币市场账户和储蓄账户不同，货币市场基金不受FDIC保险保障。

That said, money market funds are not FDIC insured, unlike money market accounts and savings accounts from banks.

虽然货币市场基金被认为非常非常安全，但你仍需深入了解，选择符合自身风险偏好和税务需求的基金。

While money market funds are considered very, very safe, you should look under the hood so that you choose a fund that aligns with your risk and tax preferences.

有些基金投资于短期公司债，收益率略高但潜在风险也稍大。

Some invest in short term corporate debt, which offers slightly higher yields but with slightly more potential risk.

另一些基金专投国债，安全性更高且免缴州所得税；还有投资市政债券的基金，其收益基本或完全免税。

Other funds invest exclusively in treasuries, which makes them even safer and free of state income taxes, and then there are funds that invest in municipal debt, which are mostly or completely tax free.

接下来：当《Motley Fold Money》节目继续时，您和家人需要做些什么来在经济上互相照顾。

Up next: what you and your family need to do in order to take care of each other financially when Motley Fold Money continues.

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如果您的父母、配偶、孩子或其他近亲患病或去世，您能否获取他们的财务信息并处理他们的事务？

If an illness or death befell your parents, spouse, kids, or any other close relative, would you be able to access their financial information and handle their affairs?

如果您发生意外，您的配偶和家人是否知道该怎么做以及在哪里找到所有信息？

If something happened to you, would your spouse and family know what to do and where to find everything?

如果答案是否定的——对大多数人来说确实如此——那么贝丝·平斯克为你准备了一份指南。

If the answer is no, as it is for most people, then Beth Pinsker has a roadmap for you.

贝丝是一名认证财务规划师、《市场观察》专栏作家，同时也是《我母亲的金钱》一书的作者，这是一本关于财务照护的指南。

Beth is a certified financial planner, a columnist for MarketWatch, and the author of My Mother's Money, a guide to financial caregiving.

贝丝，欢迎来到Motley Fool Money节目。

Beth, welcome to Motley Fool Money.

很高兴来到这里。

Nice to be here.

谢谢你，罗伯特。

Thanks, Robert.

让我们从你母亲的故事开始，讲讲你如何成为她的照护者。

Let's start with the story of your mom and your journey to becoming her caregiver.

我母亲原本把一切都安排得井井有条。

My mom had it all together.

我母亲曾以为她已经做好了所有规划。

My mom thought that my mom had done all the planning.

她已将所有文件准备妥当。

She had all her documents in place.

我是一名金融专业人士。

I'm a financial professional.

我是这方面的专家。

I am an expert in this.

我持有注册财务规划师资格认证。

I have a certified financial planning designation.

我们原以为万事俱备，但实际处理他人财务生活的细枝末节时，遇到的困难远超我的预期。

We thought we were all set, and it was so much harder than I ever anticipated to take care of the nitty gritty details of another human being's financial existence.

细节繁琐到难以想象。

It was so far detailed.

比如你可能与家人进行过宏观层面的讨论。

Like, know, you might have a big picture discussion with a family member.

即便触及核心问题，你们可能也只谈到大数字——比如‘你有多少钱’这样的层面。

You know, even if you get to it, you might get to the big number, like, how much money do you have?

但不会细致到问：'妈妈，你还在用支票付电费吗？还是电子支付？或者设置了自动扣款？'

But not down to the level of, mom, do you still pay your electric bill with a check, or do you pay it electronically, or is it auto bill?

就像，没人会跟父母进行这种对话。

Like, nobody ever has that talk with their parents.

当时你母亲的情况是：她做了背部手术，丧失了自理能力，虽然认知能力没有衰退，但健康问题让她基本无法处理自己的事务。

And your mom was in a situation where she had back surgery, she became incapacitated, she didn't have cognitive decline, but she had medical issues that basically made it very difficult for her to manage her affairs.

你住在纽约，她住在佛罗里达，你不得不飞过去，试图弄清楚所有东西的位置和处理方式。

So you live in New York, she lived in Florida, you had to fly down there and basically try to figure out where everything was and how to do everything.

这就像一场大型寻宝游戏，从她手术后三周开始——那时她仍未恢复，还没准备好重新处理任何事务。

It was a big scavenger hunt, and it started about three weeks after she had her surgery when she still wasn't back up to snuff and wasn't ready to resume taking care of anything.

而且她真的不想回答任何问题，或者根本回答不了问题。

But also really didn't wanna answer any questions or couldn't answer any questions.

所以我不得不坐在她的书桌前，逆向推演她整个财务状况，确保账单按时支付，确保没有遗漏，确保手头有足够现金。

And so I had to sit at her desk and reverse engineer her entire financial situation, make sure bills were getting paid on time, make sure anything wasn't falling through the cracks, make sure we had enough cash on hand.

所有这些事都像在黑暗中摸索文件，试图理清头绪

All of those things just blindly fumbling through papers and trying to figure it

所以这实际上涉及两个方面。

So there are really two aspects of this.

对吧？

Right?

首先，要确保你自己的事务井然有序，然后与亲属合作确保他们也做到这一点。

There's, first of all, making sure that your affairs are in order and then working with your relatives to make sure they do the same.

那么我们就从你自己能做的事情开始说起吧。

So let's start with, you know, what you could do on your own.

人们应该从何处着手，将自己的事务安排妥当，以便他人能临时或永久接管（比如因去世）。

Where should people start in terms of getting everything laid out of their own situation so that someone else can take over either temporarily or maybe permanently because you've passed away.

我在许多家庭中看到的情况，包括我自己（作为一位有青春期孩子的离异女性），所有信息都只存在于我的脑海中。

What I've seen in so many households, including my own, because I am a divorced woman with teenage children, it's all in my head.

我从未与任何人讨论过这些事。

I don't talk about it with anybody.

我也没有向任何人咨询过。

I don't run it by anybody.

我在这些事情上没有任何伴侣。

I don't have a partner in any of it.

即使我有伴侣，可能我们中也会有一人将责任推给另一方，这样家里就始终只有一个人在考虑这些问题。

And even if I did, probably one of us would delegate it to the other so that, you know, only one person in the family is thinking about these issues for any given length of time.

当不幸发生时，这简直就是一场灾难。

And that is just a disaster when something bad happens.

我最近在一个大家庭里亲眼目睹了这种情况。

I just saw this recently in a family, you know, my greater relatives.

这个家庭的父亲掌管所有财务。

The father of the family handled all the finances.

所有信息都只存在他脑子里。

It was all in his head.

他知道所有账单的到期日。

He knew when all the bills were due.

他清楚每个账户里有多少钱，而且他们手头有点拮据。

He knew how much money was in each account, and they were sort of short on money.

所以他总是把钱从一个账户转到另一个账户来支付账单。

So he was always moving things from one place to another to cover bills.

后来他生病了，三周都无法处理事务。

And then he got sick and was out of commission for three weeks.

而他妻子完全不知道该如何操作这些。

And his wife didn't know how to do any of it.

结果连基本账单都没付，不是那种可以拖到下个月的小账单。

Bills didn't get paid like essential bills, not just like, you know, oh, that can wait till next month kind of bills.

是那种再不交电费就要被断电的紧急账单。

This was like, your electric's gonna get cut off.

房贷也开始逾期。

Your mortgage is gonna go into arrears.

因为拖欠所有这些账单，他们的信用评级直线下降。

Your credit rating is gonna go in the toilet because you haven't paid all of these bills.

由于他从未向配偶或其他家人交代过财务安排，他们陷入了真正的困境。

And they were in real trouble because he had not given a road map to his spouse or anybody else in the family.

你在书中提到了创建几样东西。

You talked about in the book about creating a couple things.

一个是备忘清单。

One is a cheat sheet.

另一个是身后文件。

Another one is a death file.

你暗示了其中应该包含的一些内容。

You've hinted at some of the things that should be in there.

还应该包含哪些内容呢？

What else should be in there?

人们应该把这些东西放在哪里？

And where should people put those?

身后文件可以是任何形式。

So a death file can be anything.

很久以前我采访过一个人，他电脑桌面上有个全大写的文件夹写着‘死亡’二字。

One man I spoke to for a story long ago had a file folder on his computer desktop that said death in all capital letters.

它就像一个微软文件图标。

And it was like a Microsoft file icon.

所以当他儿子需要寻找文件时，只需双击图标，然后就会感叹：天啊。

And so when his son went looking for the papers he needed, he just double clicked the icon, and it was like, oh, man.

这就是我需要的一切。

This is everything I need.

我妈妈用的是那种标签非常清晰的马尼拉文件夹。

My mom used, you know, Manila folders that were very clearly labeled.

人寿保险单放在哪里？

Where was the life insurance?

就在一个标着'人寿保险'的文件夹里。

It was in a folder labeled life insurance.

当我需要我父亲的死亡证明时，它在哪里？

Where was my father's death certificate when I needed to put my hands on it?

在一个名为'死亡证明'的文件夹里。

In a file folder named death certificates.

我的生活更加数字化，所以我的孩子们需要去寻找那些命名恰当的数字文件夹和文件。

My life is a lot more digital, so my kids would have to go and look for the file folders and files that are appropriately named.

你知道，妈妈的驾照、妈妈的寿险，所有这些他们需要查找的东西，在我的数字系统中都能轻松搜索到。

You know, mom's driver's license, mom's life insurance, all of those things that they would need to find are easily searched for in my digital system.

其中一些你需要的文件是法律文件。

Some of these documents that you need are legal documents.

让我们从你认为最重要的一个开始，那就是持久授权书。

Let's start with one that you consider one of the most important, and that is the durable power of attorney.

为什么它很重要？你应该把这个权力交给谁？

Why is it important, and who should you be giving that power to?

它之所以重要，是因为金融体系将我们每个人都视为独立个体，不会允许他人代我们行事。

So it's important because the financial system sees each of us as individuals and will not let somebody else do something for us.

配偶可以做一些事情，但大多仅限于联名账户上的操作。

There are certain things a spouse can do, but mostly if they're named jointly on an account.

因此，IRA账户有时无法动用，或者其他决策无法做出，除非你拥有该人的授权书。

And so IRA accounts sometimes can't be touched or other decisions can't be made unless you have that person's power of attorney.

比如，如果你们有共同抵押贷款，当一方生病丧失行为能力时想申请房屋净值贷款，没有授权就无法办理。

Like, if you have a joint mortgage and you need to take out a home equity loan when one party gets sick and incapacitated, you can't do that without the authority to do that.

银行会要求丧失行为能力的一方签名，而这显然无法实现。

They're gonna want the signature of the person who's incapacitated, who obviously can't give it.

所以如果你需要动用共同资产中的资金或申请贷款，就必须获得授权。

So if you need that money or access to loans of some sort of a joint asset, you need permission.

如果没有授权，你就会碰壁。

And if you don't have that permission, you hit this like brick wall.

人们总以为能靠口才摆脱困境或达成目的，但我告诉你，这就像一堵砖墙。

People always think that they can talk themselves out of situations or talk themselves into whatever they want, and I'm telling you, this is like a brick wall.

甚至那些自以为能蒙混过关的人——要知道现在很难造假了。

And even for the people who think that they can fake it and, you know, you can't really fake stuff anymore.

你没法打电话给银行假装自己是父母，因为他们有语音识别。

You can't call up a bank and pretend that you are a parent because they have voice recognition.

他们还有签名识别。

They have signature recognition.

他们现在对所有业务都采用双重认证。

They have two factor authentication on everything.

如今没有正规文件几乎不可能办成任何事。

It's really hard to pull anything off without the proper paperwork anymore.

所以这确实就像你当时遇到的情况。

So it's certainly a situation like you were in.

对吧？

Right?

你当时在照顾母亲，所以需要一份持久授权书来代她处理事务。

You were taking care of your mother, so you needed a durable power of attorney to act on her behalf.

这非常重要，但你也发现实际操作可能很困难，因为很多机构对授权书的格式和办理流程都特别挑剔。

So it's very important, but what you found is actually it can also be very challenging because a lot of institutions are very picky about the form and how you do it.

是的。

Yeah.

很多银行要求本人亲自到金融机构签署相关文件。

A lot of banks want the person to come there themselves and sign their own paperwork at the financial institution.

当我和我妈妈处理这件事时，她已经病重到无法亲自办理了。

When my mom and I got around to this, she was already too sick to do that.

我们虽然手续齐全，但他们还是百般刁难，不让我们使用授权书。

So we had the proper paperwork, but they were they gave us a huge hassle about actually using it.

我不得不预约了三次银行面谈，每次两小时，才搞定其中一家金融机构的手续。

And so it took me three two hour visits to the bank with scheduled appointments in order to get through just one of the financial institutions that I had to get through.

他们会想出各种你能想到的障碍来为难你。

They will throw every hoop that you can think of at you.

比如要求本人必须亲自到场。

You know, the person needs to come down.

必须签署他们指定的文件。

You need to sign our own paperwork.

签名无效。

The signature isn't valid.

必须用其他方式进行公证。

It has to be notarized in a different way.

他们会找各种借口，就是想把你卡住。

They'll claim anything, and they'll just stop you up.

在这些问题解决之前，你根本无法推进任何事务。

And you can't move forward to take care of any of these tasks until it's cleared up.

所以你的切身利益比银行大得多，你必须学会坚持立场。

So you have a much greater stake in this than the bank does, and you have to learn how to stand your ground.

是啊。

Yeah.

这就是你故事给我们的启示之一。

That's one of the lessons of your story.

我的意思是，你坚持与这家银行周旋，也坚持与你母亲所在的机构协商，让她能住得更久些。

I mean, persisting with this bank, you persisted with the facility that your mom was in to allow so that she could stay there longer.

所以你必须准备好为权益而战，了解自己的权利，并为家人抗争。

So you have to be prepared to fight for your rights, know your rights, and fight for your family.

这就是为什么必须由直系亲属来处理这些事。

This is why it takes a close family member to do this.

财务事务不是能轻易外包的事情。

The financial stuff is not something that's easily outsourced.

我可以雇人帮母亲洗澡或协助她如厕，但没法雇人为她拼命争取所有这些权益。

I could hire somebody to help my mother bathe or help her in the bathroom, but I couldn't hire somebody to fight for her tooth and nail for all of these things.

没有其他人能成为财务授权人，也没有其他可信赖的财务人员能掌握她的银行账户信息、密码、ATM卡及卡片上的安全码。

There was nobody else who could be the financial authority and the trusted financial person with her bank account information, with her passcodes, with her ATM card, and the code on it.

她不可能随便从街上雇个人就把这些敏感信息交出去。

She's not gonna just hire some person off the street and give them bad information.

那太疯狂了。

That's crazy.

你必须有个亲近且信任的人来承担这些。

You know, you have to have somebody that you're close to and you trust.

关于委托代理权，关键在于它伴随着责任。

The thing about power of attorney is that there's responsibilities that come with it.

这需要问责机制。

There's accountability.

因此，如果你被指定为某人的委托代理人并以该身份行事，你必须以他们的最佳利益行事，否则可能会被追究责任。

And so, if you are named as somebody's power of attorney and you are acting in that capacity, you have to act in their best interest, and you can be held to account if you don't.

所以，如果你拥有处理事务的权限却将资金挪为己用，有人可以对此提出质疑，你必须提供收据并为此负责。

So, if you go in there with the authority to do it and siphon off money for yourself, somebody can call you on that, and you have to produce receipts and be accountable for that.

这就是为什么在家庭成员容易为此类事情争执的家庭中（说实话哪个家庭不是这样），委托代理制度会很有帮助。

So that's why it's helpful in a family situation where maybe siblings are prone to fighting about these sorts of things, which, you know, name me a family where they aren't.

如果你最终要与兄弟姐妹发生争执，你会希望有人能成为正式的委托代理人，否则就无人需要负责。

You know, if you're gonna end up fighting with the sibling, you want somebody to be the proper power of attorney because otherwise, there's no accountability.

他们只是账户的共同所有者。

They're just a joint owner on the account.

他们可以为所欲为，而无人能对他们指手画脚。

They can do whatever they want, and nobody has any say over them.

所以持久委托书非常重要。

So the durable power of attorney is important.

还有几件事你可能需要参与，既为你自己考虑，也可能涉及与亲戚的合作。

A couple other things that you probably will be involved both for your own situation and maybe working with relative.

医疗委托书、遗嘱、可能还有信托和生前遗嘱。

Health care, proxy, will, maybe a trust and the living will.

对吧？

Right?

有时人们会混淆生前遗嘱和医疗委托书。

And sometimes people confuse the living will and the health care proxy.

请给我们讲讲这两者的区别及其重要性。

So tell us a little bit about the differences between those and why they're important.

医疗委托书授权他人在您丧失行为能力时为您做出医疗决定。

So the health care proxy gives somebody permission to make medical decisions for you if you're incapacitated.

生前遗嘱则规定了在特定情况下您希望他们采取的措施。

The living will lays out what you want them to do in certain circumstances.

比如您是否希望在停止呼吸时接受复苏抢救，是否要插呼吸管，是否接受任何形式的特殊治疗。

If, you know, you want to be resuscitated if you stop breathing, if you want a breathing tube, if you want other extraordinary measures of any sort.

当需要实施这些措施时，医生会需要一份能说明当事人意愿的文件。

When it comes time for using those things, the doctors are gonna want some sort of document that says what the person's wishes are.

最好是全部书面记录、公证并归档，这样家人有据可依，医院也能确信这确实是当事人真实的意愿。

It's best if it's just all written down and notarized and documented, so that the family has something to go on and the hospital can trust that that's what the person actually wants.

尤其是当它

Especially when it

涉及到兄弟姐妹时。

comes to siblings too.

对吧？

Right?

你想知道父母的真实意愿，因为你不希望和兄弟姐妹争论是否该用某些手段或方法维持妈妈或爸爸的生命——这些本可以提前全部规划好的。

You want to know what your parents wanted to happen because you don't wanna be fighting with your siblings about whether or not, you know, mom or dad should be kept alive by certain means or methods when they could have just laid it all out ahead of time.

所有这些的核心意义——我试图让人们明白的关键信息是——我们做这些事的原因。

The whole point of all of this, like, the whole why that my message is that I'm trying to make people understand is that we do these things.

这些事很难。

These things are hard.

没人愿意填表格做这些繁琐工作。

Nobody wants to fill out paperwork and do all this work.

我们这样做是因为不想成为任何人的负担。

We do it because we don't wanna be a burden to anybody.

我们不想给任何人增添额外的工作。

We don't wanna put extra work on anybody.

我们不想给任何人增加心理痛苦，尤其是我们自己的孩子，而我们的父母也不想把这些加诸于我们身上。

We don't wanna put extra psychological pain on anybody, especially our own children, and our parents don't wanna put that on us.

所以负责任且有爱心的做法就是把这些事情都安排好，让你的家人少受些煎熬。

And so the responsible loving thing to do is to get all this stuff lined up so that your family has a less hard time.

无论如何这都会很艰难，因为你爱的人正在生病或濒临死亡。

It's gonna be hard no matter what because, you know, somebody you love is sick or dying.

这才是唯一应该感到艰难的事情。

So that's the only thing that should be hard.

其余的事情都应该尽可能安排妥当、简单处理。

The rest of it should be as locked up and and easy as possible.

你这样做是因为你爱这些人，而他们也爱你。

And the reason you do that is because you love these people and they love you.

所以你不想让任何人感到负担。

And so you don't want anybody to be burdened.

这能帮他们卸下负担，而这正是我们组建家庭的根本原因。

This relieves them of that burden, and that's the whole reason that we're in families in the first place.

所以你要先把自己的事务安排妥当，然后再和亲戚们沟通。

So you start by getting your own affairs in order and then you talk to your relatives.

这种对话有时会很棘手，对吧？

That can be a tricky conversation sometimes, right?

有些人对自己的财务状况非常保密，他们不愿去想自己可能会生病、去世，或是在某个时刻不得不放弃掌控权。

Some people are very private about their money, they don't really wanna think about the fact that they may become sick or may pass away or just have to give up control at some point.

有什么建议可以分享吗？不仅关于如何与父母沟通，还应该包括兄弟姐妹，应该

Any tips on how to have that conversation with not only your parents, should be siblings, should

也包括孩子吗？

be kids too?

首先你要明白，人们不做这件事的首要原因就是因为他们没做这件事。

Well, understand first that the number one reason why people don't do this is because they don't do this.

这只是拖延症而已。

It's just procrastination.

实际上没有其他原因。

There's really nothing else attached to it.

这只是他们没来得及处理的事情。

It's just a thing that they don't get to.

如果你把它当作重要事项，你就会去做。

If you make it important, you'll get to it.

所以如果你考虑一下后果，比如听完我的经历，你就会明白这些事情很重要，应该去完成。

So if you think about, you know, the repercussions, if you listen to what happened to me, you will understand that they're like, this stuff is important and you should do it.

这会帮助你克服心理障碍。

And that will help you get over the hump.

这也能帮助你在与他人讨论时克服障碍。

And that helps you get over the hump in talking about it with other people too.

因为如果不进行这样的对话，你将来会更难应对。

Because if you don't have that conversation, it's gonna be much harder on you.

在紧急情况下接到电话的人会是你。

You're the one that's gonna get the call in the emergency.

所以，你有责任和父母谈谈，告诉他们：'我想帮你们，但如果你们不填这张简单的表格（可以下载或我送过去），我就帮不上忙。我还可以开车带你们去公证处。'

So, it's on you to talk to your parents and say, hey, I wanna be able to help you, but I can't help you if you don't do this one little simple form that you can download, you know, or I can bring over to you, and I will drive you over to the notary.

这就像给我一把应急钥匙，以防你出事时我能进你的公寓。

It's just like giving me an emergency key to get into your apartment if something happens to you.

想象一下，如果你摔倒躺在公寓里，难道想像吉恩·哈克曼那样几天后才被人发现吗？

Like, if you fall and you're lying in your apartment, do you wanna go out like Gene Hackman and somebody finds you days later?

你希望有人能来帮你吗？

Do you want somebody to be able to come and help you?

对吧？

Right?

所以给我一把通往你财务系统的应急钥匙，如果出问题我会帮你处理。

So give me an emergency key to your financial systems, and I will help you if something goes wrong.

是时候搞定这件事了，伙计们。

It's time to get it done, fools.

我们将继续强调一些年终财务规划要点，在本期节目中，让我们来谈谈税务损失收割。

We'll continue to highlight some year end financial planning considerations, and in this episode, let's talk about tax loss harvesting.

具体操作是卖出任何低于买入价且存放在应税经纪账户（而非退休账户）中的股票、债券、共同基金、ETF、期权合约或加密货币。

It starts by selling any stock, bond, mutual fund, ETF, options contract, or crypto that is below the price you paid for it and held in a taxable brokerage account, not in a retirement account.

这些亏损首先会抵消你今年实现的资本利得，然后最多可抵扣3000美元普通收入（若已婚且分开申报则为1500美元）。

The loss will first offset any capital gains you recognize this year, and then up to $3,000 in ordinary income, or $1,500 if you're married and filed separately.

超额亏损可无限期结转至未来年度。

Any excess losses can be carried forward to future years indefinitely.

只需确保你或配偶在卖出前30天内未购买该投资标的，或在卖出后30天内未在任何账户中回购。

Just make sure neither you nor your spouse bought shares of the investment thirty days before the sale, or buy back shares within thirty days after the sale in any of your accounts.

虽然市场接近历史高点，但你可能好奇投资者还能有多少亏损机会。

With the market near ultimate highs, you may wonder how many losses investors have.

但如果你仔细查看投资组合，仍可能发现几个表现不佳的标的。

But if you look at your portfolio, you may find a few duds.

尽管截至周三收盘时标普500指数今年涨幅近18%，但该指数中仍有近200只股票2025年处于亏损状态。

Despite the S and P 500 returning almost 18% this year as of the market's close on Wednesday, almost 200 of the stocks in the index are in the red for 2025.

在标普11个主要板块中，有三个板块在过去十二个月出现亏损，分别是消费品板块、原材料板块和房地产板块。

And three of the 11 standard and poor sectors have lost money over the trailing twelve months, those sectors being consumer staples, materials, and real estate.

另一方面，你可能持有一些涨幅惊人的股票，它们已占据投资组合的过高比重，但你又舍不得减持。这时在锁定部分亏损的同时卖出这些股票，就是既能调整持仓比例又能控制税负的一种策略。

On the flip side, you may have some big winners that have become an uncomfortably big part of your portfolio, but you're reluctant to scale back on those investments Well, selling those investments while also recognizing some losses is one way to rebalance your portfolio while limiting the tax cycle.

以上就是本期的全部内容，我亲爱的听众朋友们。

And that, my foolish friends, is the show.

非常感谢您的收听，同时感谢本期节目的音频工程师巴特·香农。

Thank you so much for listening, and thanks to Bart Shannon, the engineer, for this episode.

请注意：节目嘉宾可能持有其讨论的股票，Motley Fool可能已发布相关正式建议，切勿仅凭节目内容作出买卖决策。

As always, people on the program may have interest in the stocks they talk about, and The Motley Fool may have formal recommendations for or against, so don't buy or sell stocks based solely on what you hear.

所有个人理财内容均符合Motley Fool编辑标准，且不受广告商影响。

All personal finance content meets Motley Fool editorial standards and is not approved by advertisers.

广告内容为赞助信息，仅供参考。

Advertisements are sponsored content and provided for informational purposes only.

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To see our full advertising disclosure, please check out our show notes.

我是罗伯特·布罗坎普。

I'm Robert Brokamp.

各位愚人，继续前行吧。

Fool on, everybody.