太空美食学（太空食品）与玛吉·科布伦茨

我同意。

I'm on board.

但要说2025年唯一在改善的事情，那就是欧洲航天局宇航员索菲·阿多诺斯的个人太空餐单选择。

But to file under the only thing in the world improving in 2025 is European Space Agency astronaut Sophie Adonos' personal space selections.

于是她邀请了全球米其林星级最多、国际声誉最高的女厨师索菲·皮克，为她定制在太空中享用的额外餐点。

So she tapped the world's most Michelin starred and internationally lauded female chef and Sophie Peak to craft the bonus food items she'll get up there.

这些餐点包括涂在烤布里欧面包上的鹅肝奶油配糖渍柠檬、配蟹肉和葛缕子的龙虾浓汤、配咖喱和熏鳕鱼的防风草浓汤。

And they include foie gras cream on toasted brioche with candied lemon, lobster bisque with crab and caraway, parsnip veloute with curry and smoked haddock.

所以，除了我原本就不懂的一长串航天术语外，现在又多了个‘veloute’。

So to the long list of spacecraft words that I don't know, add veloute.

等等，我收回刚才的话，因为我查了一下，这是一种奶油般的咸味酱汁，意思是‘母酱’，用法语说起来可能更优雅。

Actually, take that back because I looked it up, and it's a buttery savory gravy that means mother sauce, which probably sounds much more elegant in French.

其他国际宇航员的额外餐点还包括加拿大人的枫糖饼干、日本宇航员的米饭配牛肉炖菜和照烧鲭鱼，以及美国团队的牛肉饺子和牛肉通心粉意面。

Now other international bonus items have included maple cookies for a Canadian, rice with beef flavored stew and mackerel with teriyaki sauce for Japanese crew members, and beef ravioli and beef stroganoff with noodles for the US team.

我惊讶于有这么多牛肉。

I'm surprised that there's so much beef.

这让你感到惊讶吗？

Did that surprise you at all?

比如，选了哪些食物来源？

Like, what sources of food were selected?

这可能不是我的看法，但我觉得其实并不让我意外。

It wouldn't be my take, but I think it actually didn't surprise me.

感觉就是，哦，这样啊。

It felt like, okay.

这再次说明了目前NASA的菜单是如何为特定人群设计的。

This is, again, sort of telling of how at least the current NASA menu is being designed and for who.

在太空中，蛋白质可能很重要。

Protein is probably important in space.

当然，你也可以从素食或其他选项中获取蛋白质，但确实看起来肉很多，鸡肉、牛肉。

Not that you can't get that from vegetarian food or other options, but it did seem quite, yeah, meat heavy chicken, beef.

是啊。

Yeah.

就像肉和土豆。

Like meat and potatoes.

就像一种经典的美国菜单。

Like a kind of classic American menu.

是的。

Yeah.

而且，正如我所说，国际餐点比如照烧鸡肉，但仍然带有美国风味。

And the most, you know, internationals, as I said, like teriyaki chicken, but it's still kind of an American take on that dish.

你提到过鱼餐。

And you mentioned something about fish meals.

我知道你的工作涉及我们在地球上可能缺失的气味和烹饪声音。

And I know that your work deals with the aromas that we might be missing on Earth and the sounds of cooking.

感官的工作方式是否类似？还是有什么被削弱了？

Do the senses work similarly, or is there anything that's blunted?

这非常不同，至少根据宇航员的反馈。

It's very different, at least from what astronauts report.

你知道吗，如果你在办公室、家里或美丽的海滩背景下吃午餐，你的用餐体验会有所不同。

You know, if you're having lunch at the office versus your home versus a beautiful beach backdrop, your experience of eating is is going to change.

这可能不是我们通常会考虑的事情。

It might not be something that we think about.

因此，在一个比飞机还要狭小嘈杂的胶囊里吃饭，已经不是一个理想的开始。

So eating food in this tiny capsule that's louder and smaller than an airplane is is already not the best place to start.

宇航员的身体会发生一些生理变化。

There's physiological changes in the body happening to astronauts.

他们称之为太空脸。

So it's something they call space face.

他们的脸看起来有点像花栗鼠，但又不完全一样，脸颊会鼓起来。

So they almost look like not quite like a chipmunk, but their cheeks puff up.

在失重环境下，体内的液体会向上流动。

So they have fluids are rising in the body and zero g.

因此他们的面部会有些充血，影响嗅觉和味觉。

So they have a bit of congestion in their face, which affects how they can smell and how they can taste.

一些宇航员表示，这简直就像感冒了，根本尝不出食物的味道，或者味道有点怪。

Some astronauts reported that it was almost like if you have a cold and you can't really taste your food or things just taste a little bit off.

第二件事是太空的环境。

And then the second thing is just the environment of space.

首先，你得从塑料袋里吃东西，包括喝咖啡或用吸管喝水。

So, well, first you're eating something out of a plastic bag, including your coffee or drinking from a straw.

你无法体验到啜饮咖啡、感受温暖拂面、香气升腾的种种感受。

You're not having this experience of sipping your coffee, feeling the warmth on your face, the aromas are rising, all of these different things.

宇航员告诉我们，空间站闻起来像健身房的储物柜，因为这是一个狭小的空间。

Astronauts tell us that this space station smells like a gym locker because it's this tiny space.

我的意思是，我已经描述过他们的水是用尿液和汗水制成的，因为他们每天要锻炼数小时。

I mean, I already described how their water is made from urine and perspiration when they have to work out for hours of the day.

你拿汗湿的衬衫怎么办？

What do do with your sweaty shirt?

你不能只是晾干或拧干，所以他们通常会把衣服挂在通风系统前。

You can't just dry it or wring it out, so they'll often hang them in front of the ventilation systems.

哦，天哪。

Oh, dear.

很多事情在发生。

There's lots going on.

最近，《希尔报》发表了一篇题为《国际空间站是什么气味？》的文章，披露前NASA宇航员斯科特·凯利将这种气味比作他曾经访问过的一所监狱，形容为消毒水、垃圾和体味的混合。

So a recent article titled, what does the International Space Station smell like, published by The Hill, divulged that former NASA astronaut Scott Kelly likened the odor to a jail he once visited, describing it as a combination of antiseptic garbage and body odor.

他说，我们使用除臭剂。

He said, we use deodorant.

我们会擦拭、冲洗、洗澡，但确实还是有一点体味。

We wipe, rinse off, shower, but there's a little body odor going on for sure.

他继续说，主要是人们连续几周不洗的运动服。

He continued, mostly, it's just exercise clothes people wear for a couple of weeks without washing.

他还补充说，根据这篇文章，在零重力环境下，体味，比如放屁，会久久不散。

He also added, per the article, that in zero g, bodily smells, such as farts, tend to linger.

我应该指出，我查看的所有菜单中，只看到过一次豆类。

I should note that on all of the menus that I looked at, I only saw beans once.

哦，我完全能感受到并闻到那种味道，甚至几乎能尝到，这真的非常具有挑战性，但这也是一个梦想。

Oh, I can absolutely feel and smell that and almost taste it, which is so it's so challenging, but it's a dream.

所以我完全理解这一点。

So I totally get that.

但与此同时，你必须确保士气高昂，才能表现良好。

But at the same time, you you really have to make sure that morale is up in order to perform well.

对吧？

Right?

嗯。

Mhmm.

所以有一种刻板印象似乎是真的，那就是宇航员都喜欢辣酱，我认为这就是他们试图通过加盐、加辣酱来提升风味的原因。

So there's this stereotype that seems to be true that astronauts love hot sauce, and I think that's that's one of the reasons just to try to, you know, add salt, add hot sauce to boost boost that flavor.

说到这些气味和声音，我觉得你的工作有一件特别有趣的事，那就是你曾参与过这些飞行任务来测试烹饪。

When it comes to those smells and the sounds too, I think one thing that's really interesting about your work is, you know, you've been on these flights to test out cooking.

我当时就想：哦，太空中真的能做饭吗？

And I'm like, oh, is there cooking in space?

我一直以为他们只是吃燕麦棒之类的，但那些东西太碎了，我甚至没想过准备过程。

I always figured that they were just, eating, like, granola bar or which are too crummy, but I didn't even think about the preparation.

那么，准备过程究竟体现在哪里呢？

Like, where does the preparation come into it?

目前，这些准备主要是在地面上进行的。

The preparation at present is mostly on the ground.

所以，这些食物都是在不同的实验室环境中制作、包装，可能还要经过隔离和检测，然后才被送往太空。

So, yeah, all this food is prepared in different lab context and packaged and probably put into some kind of quarantine, tested and then goes to space.

就连我之前提到的蔬菜项目，他们在太空中种植香草和其他植物来观察效果。

Even the the vegetable project I referenced earlier where they're growing herbs and different things in space to see how it works.

宇航员通常不允许食用这些植物，甚至触摸或与它们互动都受到严格限制。

The astronauts usually aren't allowed to eat them and even like touching them or interacting with them is extremely restricted.

我的意思是我不会在这次对话中谈上厕所的事，但你可以想象，在零重力环境下，这方面的挑战有一长串。

I mean, I won't get into toileting on this conversation, but you can imagine there's a whole long list of challenges to do with that in zero gravity.

因此，他们非常担心宇航员在太空中生病或食物中毒。

So they're very concerned with astronauts getting sick, getting food poisoning in space.

那你会怎么做呢？

Because what would you do?

因此，出于这个原因，

So for that reason,

大多数食物实际上并不是在太空中准备的。

most food is not actually prepared in space.

请和我一起阅读2013年NBC新闻的文章《太空呕吐：宇航员讲述为何并不容易》，这篇文章第一点错误地认为我以为这很容易，但接着它继续说，简而言之。

Join me, if you will, in reading the twenty thirteen NBC News article Vomit in Space, Astronaut Tells Why It's Not So Easy, which number one wrongly assumes that I thought it'd be easy, but it continues that TLDR.

他们有非常棒的双层密封呕吐袋。

They have really good double sealed barf bags.

2022年《大众科学》杂志的一篇文章与这篇《在太空中拉肚子会怎样？》展开了讨论。

And a 2022 PopSci article took a downtown with the piece, what happens if you get diarrhea in space?

其观点是：一如既往使用真空马桶，再加上易蒙停，或者更便携的解决方案——太空尿布。

The thesis is the vacuum toilet per usual plus Imodium, or the more wearable solution, a space diaper.

你创造了一种像头盔一样的装置，可以真正闻到并更真切地感受到食物。

And you've created something that's like a helmet where you can actually smell and feel your food more.

对吧？

Right?

这个设计是怎么来的？

Like, how did that design come about?

我的太空食物头盔是因为我要参加一次零重力飞行才诞生的。

My space food helmet came about because I was going to go on this zero gravity flight.

因为我当时在处理食物、液体和小型可食用物品，他们担心这些可能会干扰其他人的实验，因为这是一次科研飞行。

And because I was working with food and liquids and small edible things, they were concerned that, you know, this could get in the way of other people's experiments because this was a research flight.

所以这次飞行上大约有20位工程师和科学家，都在进行相当严肃的科学实验。

So we had, I think, around 20 different engineers and scientists on this flight, all conducting quite serious science experiments.

他们希望我使用一个手套箱，这在科学领域很常见。

And they wanted me to have a glove box, which is commonly used in science.

它的设计就像名字描述的那样。

So it is basically what it sounds like.

它是一个透明的箱子，配有手套，你可以把手伸进去，但你实际上并不是把双手直接放进箱子里，而是通过箱子里的手套来操作，这样理解吗？

It's a box, a clear box with gloves where you can insert your hands and then you don't actually put your hands inside the box because you're really putting your hands inside the gloves inside the box, if that makes sense.

是的。

Yeah.

然后你可以看到自己在做实验。

And then you can see yourself conducting the experiment.

一切都非常封闭、无菌且科学。

Everything is very contained and sterile and scientific.

我不想用这个，因为它对食物来说根本不合理。

I didn't want to use this because it didn't really make sense for food.

我怎么吃呢？

How could I eat?

因为我的脸在这里，而我的手在那里。

Because my face is over here and my hands are over here.

所以我决定干脆给我脸周围做一个手套箱。

So then I decided I will just make a glove box around my face.

于是这就成了我的太空食物头盔，我有了。

And this became the space food helmet where I had.

我还想象自己像一条金鱼一样，试图用嘴去捕捉食物。

And I also just had this vision of myself almost like a goldfish, like, you know, trying to catch my food with my mouth.

于是我弄了一个巨大的水族箱。

So I had this giant aquarium.

我确实找到了一家生产各种尺寸透明圆顶和球体的水族箱供应商制造商。

I actually found this aquarium supplier manufacturer who produced these different sizes of clear domes and spheres.

于是我订了一个适合我脸部的，然后用3D打印了一个护具，让我可以把双手伸进去。

And so I ordered one for my face and then three d printed this harness so I could put my hands inside.

他们没法拒绝我，因为我遵守了所有规则。

They couldn't say no to me because I followed all the rules.

格式稍微有点不同。

Was a slightly different format.

他们只是想确保我练习过摘除头盔的程序。

They just wanted to make sure that I had to practice my helmet removal strategy.

所以如果我在零重力下开始窒息，我可以快速释放，或者像这样扔掉头盔——当然，呕吐在呕吐飞机上并不常见。

So if I started choking in zero g, I could have, like, have this quick release or throw you know, if I threw up, which isn't common on the vomit comet.

呕吐彗星怎么样？

How was the vomit comet?

我玩得非常开心。

I had an amazing time.

我觉得那次飞行上的每个人都在看着我的嘴，我这辈子从未笑得这么灿烂。

I think everybody on that flight was my mouth I've never smiled so big in my life.

我笑得合不拢嘴。

I was smiling ear to ear.

真是太刺激了。

It was such a blast.

我的意思是，一共有20次抛物线飞行。

I mean, there's 20 parabolas.

所以飞机正在进行这种抛物线机动，先以45度俯冲，再以45度爬升。

So the plane is, you know, going in this parabolic maneuver, pitching down at 45 degrees and then up at 45 degrees.

然后在这些抛物线的底部，你会体验到失重和超重。

And then you experience zero g and hyper g at the base of those parabolas.

超重也是一种非常奇妙的体验。

And hyper g is also wild experience.

我觉得大约是1.8个G。

I think that's around 1.8 gs.

所以你会感觉像躺在海底一样。

So you feel like you're at the bottom of the ocean floor.

你必须迅速滑到飞机底部，躺下身体。

You have to quickly get to the bottom of the plane, lie yourself down.

你几乎无法动弹头部。

You can barely move your head.

你感觉像整个世界的重量都压在你身上。

You feel like you have the weight of the world on you.

一个朋友告诉我，这就像你做过那种梦，感觉有人压着你动弹不得，有点像那种感觉。

A friend described it to me like if you ever had one of those dreams where you feel like someone's pinning you down, it kind of feels a little bit like that.

于是你经历了这种状态，突然之间开始漂浮，必须抓住这三十秒的失重时间来完成实验的各个部分。

So you have that and then all of a sudden you start floating and then you have to take advantage of this thirty second moment in weightlessness to conduct different aspects of your experiment.

所以我以品鉴菜单的形式设计了我的方案。

So I designed mine around a tasting menu.

这些小口的食物让我能在失重的不同时刻闻到、听到、尝到不同的东西。

So these small bites of things that I could smell something, hear something, taste something at these different moments of of weightlessness.

从这项研究中，你获得了什么发现？

What did you gather from that research?

比如，哪些有效，哪些无效？

Like, what worked and what didn't?

我认为我得出的结论是，在三十秒的失重状态下能做的事情，出乎意料地非常有限。

I think what I gathered was what you can do in thirty seconds of weightlessness is unsurprisingly very limited.

这构成了巨大的挑战。

So that was a huge challenge.

我还发现，处于失重状态非常有趣，也很迷人。

I also gathered that being in weightlessness is a lot of fun and it's so fascinating.

但你必须重新学习如何在最基础的任务中使用自己的身体，包括进食、转动旋钮、打开相机、摆放肘部。

But just having to relearn how you use your body for the most basic of tasks, including eating, including switching a knob, turning on your camera, how you position your elbows.

这真是一种非常超现实的体验，就像婴儿刚学走路一样。

And it's just a really surreal experience, almost like being a baby and trying to learn how to walk.

你的双腿派不上用场，这也很有意思地引发了我们对太空无障碍设计的思考——在地球上有用的东西，在零重力环境中却并不必要。

Your legs are not needed, which is also really interesting to think about accessibility in space and things that are useful here on Earth are not necessary in a zero g environment.

因此，你得以重新思考所有这些不同的存在方式。

So you get to think through all of these ways of existing differently.

这就是我从这次经历中获得的整体体验。

So that's like the holistic experience that I took from it.

然后，通过这次实验，我们还能感受到纯粹的快乐与趣味性；当你看宇航员的日程表时，他们会把一整天的时间都精确安排成十五分钟一档的不同任务和操作。

And then just the pure joy and playfulness that at least through this experiment, we were able to bring to it, which I think when you look at an astronaut schedule, their entire day is planned into these fifteen minute increments of different tasks and operations.

当他们在太空中时，他们的时间极其宝贵。

Their time is so valuable when they're up there in space.

他们几乎没有时间做任何其他事情。

They barely have time to do anything.

所以对于我们这个实验来说，情况也是一样。

And so for our experiment, same thing.

它必须

It had

严格按照你将要做的每一步来执行，但我们能否介入，留出犯错和即兴发挥的空间？

to be line by line exactly what you're gonna do, but can we intervene and leave room for mistakes and leave room for improvisation?

在玛吉进行的一次零重力抛物线飞行食物测试中——这种飞行被戏称为“呕吐彗星”——她想看看，一边听油炸食物的噼啪声，一边食用复水餐，是否能改善体验，或者闻到食物的香气是否能提升寡淡的味道。

During one of Maggie's food tests on that zero g parabolic flight, horribly nicknamed the vomit comet, she wanted to see if eating rehydrated meals while listening to the sounds of crackling, frying food improved the experience, or if smelling aromas of food enhanced the bland taste.

然后通过

And then with

宇航员，我在地球上进行了味觉测试和虚拟现实访谈，以定制这些不同的体验。对于一位成长在苹果园附近的宇航员，他们希望体验在户外进食的感觉。

astronauts, I conducted some on Earth taste tests and interviews with virtual reality to kind of customize these different experiences For one astronaut who grew up near an apple orchard, they wanted to have this experience of eating outside.

所以，他们能否在食用冻干食品的同时，借助虚拟现实技术，唤起一种重返地球的怀旧感？

So could they, you know, eat something freeze dried while using this virtual reality to kind of have this nostalgic feeling of being back on Earth?

至少在这个实验的背景下，这种方法非常有效，能够唤起这些故事，并凸显出文化、仪式和食物对他们而言的重要性，而这些在太空中通常不被讨论。

And at least in this this context of this experiment, they, you know, it was highly effective and at least like evoke these stories and help draw out what the importance of culture and ritual and food was for them in an environment where that's not always part of the discussion.

他们在太空中吃得更少还是更多？毕竟他们需要消耗大量卡路里来维持肌肉质量和骨密度。

Do they eat less up there or more up there because they're going through so many calories, like exercising to keep their muscle mass and bone density?

比如，他们需要吃更多吗？

Like, do they need to eat more?

比如，保持他们的食欲重要吗？

Like, is it important for them to keep their appetite?

我觉得他们吃得

I think they're eating

在太空中吃得更少，因为他们报告说对所有这些通常令人不愉快的原因产生了食物疲劳。

less up there because they're reporting to experience this food fatigue for for all the reasons that we, you know, generally unpleasant.

我还喜欢一个关于双胞胎宇航员斯科特和马克·凯利的故事。

There's another story I love of this these twin astronauts, Scott and Mark Kelly.

其中一个去了太空。

One went to space.

另一个是宇航员，但没有去太空，他们想对这两个人进行一项非常有趣的基因研究，因为他们是同卵双胞胎。

One was an astronaut, did not go to space, and they wanted to conduct this really interesting genetic study on these individuals because they were identical twins.

因此，可以真正了解在太空中人体发生的变化，与地球上另一个自己相比。

So really understanding what happens to the body in space compared to the second version of yourself on Earth.

他们希望没去太空的双胞胎兄弟吃和他哥哥完全一样的菜单。

And they wanted the twin who did not get to go to space to have eat the identical menu to his brother.

但他坚决不同意。

And he said, absolutely not.

绝对不行。

There is no way.

如果我不去太空，你们别想强迫我吃那种食物。

If I'm not going to space, there is no way you're forcing me to to eat that food.

因此，在理解这种饮食对身体真正造成的影响方面，存在一些空白。

So there were some gaps in the being able to understand, like, what really happens to the body with this diet.

但我认为他们受到严密监控，并被鼓励食用特定的食物。

But I think that they're heavily monitored and encouraged to eat specific things.

每餐都列出了卡路里，我确信这些是根据宇航员及其体型量身定制的。

Each each meal lists the calories that I'm sure is customized for the astronaut and their body type.

他们在前往太空之前会在地球上进行大量测试，以了解自己的新陈代谢，并与营养师和其他顾问合作，我认为这可能会相当令人沮丧。

And they would do lots of different testing on Earth before they went to space to understand their metabolism and working with nutritionists and different consultants, which I think can be quite frustrating.

哦，我肯定。

Oh, I'm sure.

我认为，当并没有真正迫切的需求时，给自己施加这样的限制是非常困难的。

I think that putting that kind of restriction on yourself when there's not necessarily like a primal need to is really difficult.

食物是非常个人化的。

Food is so personal.

没错。

Right.

我们如何在太空中赋予人类自主权？

How do we give autonomy to human beings in space?

在这样一个高度受控的环境中，我们如何让人们自主决定自己的健康与福祉？

How do we let people make decisions around their own health and well-being in an environment that's incredibly controlled?

因为你必须跨越所有这些障碍，有太多官僚程序和安全规程，我有时把这些称为借口。

Because you have to jump through all these hoops, so much bureaucracy, so many safety protocols, which I sometimes call these excuses.

我们该如何找到一些绕开这些限制的方法，让个人风格或差异性得以体现？

And how can we, like, ways around that that include a bit more personality or something different?

是的。

Yeah.

这非常令人兴奋。

And that's incredibly exciting.

这些限制具体有哪些？

What are some of those restrictions?

比如，你遇到过哪些所谓的借口？

Like, what are some of those excuses that you came up against?

我只是觉得，这种程度的要求并不一定只是借口。

I just think the level and this isn't necessarily an excuse.

我认为很多这类要求确实是合法且必要的，为了设计实验。

I think a lot of this very much is legitimate and necessary designing the experiments.

我必须记录每一个细节，从我用来标记的笔的墨水类型，到我使用的胶水和精确的胶带。

I had to log every detail to the type of ink that was in my pen that I was using to label to the glue that the precise tape that I was using.

当然，如果我用3D打印什么东西，也需要记录材料，因为他们想了解这些材料可能会如何与其他物质相互作用。

Of course, like the materials, if I was three d printing something, because they want to understand, you know, how these materials might interact with something else.

它易燃吗？

Is it flammable?

它有毒吗？

Is it toxic?

它会产生气味吗？

Could it produce an aroma?

所以在我最后一次紧急发送到空间站的实验中，就在它即将装入SpaceX火箭时，有人发现它散发出某种气味，我们非常担忧。

So in the case of the experiment I sent to the space station at the very last minute, somebody when it was just about to be loaded into the SpaceX rocket, it was like it's producing some smell and we're very concerned.

然后我不得不提醒他们：这是食品。

And then I had to remind them, like, is a food product.

所以它确实有点气味，但并不令人担忧。

So it does smell a little bit, but it's not just concerning.

这是发酵。

This is fermentation.

这是食物。

It is food.

这是食物。

It is food.

我们致力于

We work

解决这个问题。

hard on that smell.

是的。

Yeah.

我可以问一些听众的问题吗？

Can I ask some questions from listeners?

因为他们提了一些非常好的问题。

Because they had some really good ones.

好的。

Okay.

但在听你们的问题之前，让我们为本周由Maggie选择的慈善机构捐款，该机构是astroaccess.org，这是一个致力于推动残障人士参与和人类太空探索的项目。

But before we hear your questions, let's donate to a cause theologist Choosing this week, Maggie chose astroaccess.org, which is a project dedicated to promoting disability inclusion and human space exploration.

自2021年成立以来，AstroAccess已开展了五次微重力任务，AstroAccess大使——包括残障科学家、退伍军人、学生、运动员和艺术家——在Zero Gravity Corporation的抛物线飞行中进行演示。

And since its founding in 2021, Astroaccess has conducted five microgravity missions in which AstroAccess ambassadors, disabled scientists, veterans, students, athletes, and artists perform demonstrations onboard parabolic flights with the Zero Gravity Corporation.

AstroAccess表示，如果我们能让太空变得可及，那么我们就能让任何空间都变得可及。

And AstroAccess says, if we can make space accessible, we can make any space accessible.

因此，捐款将用于astroaccess.org。

So a donation will go to astroaccess.org.

感谢Maggie以及本节目的赞助商。

Thanks to Maggie and to sponsors of the show.

好的。

Okay.

让我们提出一些来自Patreon的问题给Maggie。

Let's float some Patreon questions to Maggie.

MJ，这是第一次提问者Oscar、Sleepy John、Candel、Olivia Ford、Sonia Bird、Curtis Dog、Anastasia Press、Cedar、Lauren Harter、Glitter Tornado、Ashley Buford和HC想问：HC问，之前有过素食主义者去过太空吗？

MJ, first time question Oscar, Sleepy John, Candel, Olivia Ford, Sonia Bird, Curtis Dog, Anastasia Press, Cedar, Lauren Harter, Glitter Tornado, Ashley Buford, and HC wanted to know HC asked, has there ever been a vegan person in space before?

MJ说：这是第一次提问者。

MJ was like, first time question asker.

宇航员是否有专门为食物过敏或宗教需求设计的食物？

Are astronauts do they have anything specialized for food allergies or religious purposes?

有人想知道，这些人的处境是不是太糟糕、太遗憾了？

Wanted to know, is it just too bad, so sad for these guys?

Sleepy John问，他们是如何应对食物过敏的？

Sleepy John asked, how do they handle food allergies?

他们是如何减少这些问题的？

How do they minimize things?

奥利维亚建议避免可能引起饮食不适的食物，因为在太空中这些不适会很难受。

Olivia asked to avoid things that might cause dietary discomfort that can't be comfortable in space.

所以，是的，你需要考虑这一点吗？还是说，嘿，你想当宇航员？

So, yeah, do you have to take that into consideration, or is it really like, yo, you wanna be an astronaut?

你最好别有乳糜泻。

You better not be celiac.

我觉得没那么严格。

I don't think it's that strict.

我觉得情况确实有所改善。

I think things have definitely improved.

有很多菜单选择。

There are quite a few menu options.

我的意思是，花生酱很容易避免，但比如说像大豆或其他可能融入其他产品中的成分呢。

I mean, peanut butter is easy to avoid, but let's say it was something like soy or something else that could be integrated into other products.

那可能会相当困难。

That would be probably pretty difficult.

我认为这正是伦理问题真正凸显的地方，尤其是在考虑深空任务时，无论是火星任务，还是重返月球，或其他长期太空任务。

And I think this is where ethics really come into play is especially for, you know, thinking about deep space missions, whether that's Mars or even just return to the moon or long term space missions of another nature.

你能根据人们耐受某些食物和不同条件的能力来挑选人员吗？

Can you select people based on their ability to tolerate certain foods and different conditions?

我不确定这方面的解决方案是什么，但我

And I'm not I'm not sure what the resolution on that is, but I

觉得这非常复杂。

think it's super complex.

坏消息，素食者、非乳制品人群、鸡蛋过敏者。

So bad news, vegans, nondairy folks, egg allergists.

NASA不支持你们的饮食限制。

NASA is not down with your dietary restrictions.

就像感恩节时那位年长的阿姨。

Kinda like an elderly aunt on Thanksgiving.

她会说：太麻烦了。

They're like, it's too hard.

我得做太多道菜了。

I'd have to make too many dishes.

不是每个人都想吃，但人们和航天机构是可以进化的。

Not everyone wants to eat, but people and space agencies can evolve.

在2030年代，有一项计划中的火星任务将完全采用素食。

And in the twenty thirties, there is a planned Mars mission that will be all vegetarian.

为什么呢？

Why is this?

洛克希德·马丁公司的高级研究科学家玛雅·库珀告诉NBC新闻，肉类和乳制品无法长期保存，不适合带到火星，而且‘带一头牛去任务中是不可能的’。

Lockheed Martin senior research scientist Maya Cooper told NBC News that meat and dairy don't preserve long enough to take to Mars and that, quote, bringing a cow on the mission is not an option.

至于像严重乳糜泻这样的情况，可能会因交叉污染而加剧健康问题，那你可真是倒霉透顶了。

And in terms of something like severe celiac that could exacerbate medical conditions through cross contamination, you might literally be shit out of luck.

幸运的是，面包在太空中并不受欢迎，所以这个问题没那么严重。

Luckily, bread's not popular in space, so it's not so much of an issue.

是因为面包屑太多了吗？

Is it too many crumbs?

面包屑。

Crumbs.

太多面包屑了。

Too many crumbs.

显然，我们不喜欢太空中有面包屑。

We don't like crumbs in space, apparently.

所以玉米饼是太空中的热门选择，我相信他们为此提供了很多无麸质选项，因为你只需要把它包起来就行。

So tortillas are a fan favorite, and I'm sure they have lots of gluten free options for that because you just wrap it up.

你可以在太空中漂浮着吃。

You can eat it floating.

你知道吗，有几个人问到了玉米饼。

You know, a few people asked about tortillas.

梅格·查德西说，她认识一个人，这个人和泽娜·卡德曼是好朋友，而泽娜·卡德曼是今年八月发射到国际空间站的SpaceX载人11号任务的指挥官。

Meg Chadsey says that they are good friends with someone who was a good friend with Zena Cardman, who's an astronaut, commander of the SpaceX crew 11 mission that launched to the ISS this August.

他们有可靠的消息称，玉米饼在太空中非常受欢迎，因为它们实用，但他们目前还无法询问泽娜，太空环境是否让她产生了什么奇怪的食欲。

And they have it on good authority that tortillas are a hot commodity up there for their practicality, but they're not currently able to ask Zena if space has been giving her any weird cravings.

所以玉米饼确实在太空中很受欢迎吗？

So tortillas are indeed a popular item up there?

是的。

They are.

没错。

Yep.

因为你可以，我的意思是，玉米饼是一种卷饼？

Because you can I mean, a tortilla is a wrap?

它是一个盘子。

It's a plate.

它是一个容器。

It's a vessel.

你可以用玉米饼做任何事情。

You can do anything with a tortilla.

这比像嗯这样的东西合理多了。

That makes so much more sense than instead of like a yeah.

比如，酸面团在上面是行不通的。

Like, sourdough is not happening up there.

对吧？

Right?

是的。

Yeah.

而且它们的意思是，玉米饼能保存很长时间。

And they mean, tortillas last a long time.

它们可以平铺打包。

They pack flat.

太聪明了。

Genius.

是的。

Yeah.

天才的玉米饼，解决空间问题。

Genius tortillas solving space problems.

你有没有发现人们会有食欲渴望？

Do you ever find that people have cravings?

阿纳斯塔西娅·普雷斯、奥德赛穆斯、彼得·施艾斯、哈克金和特里尔思维的迈克尔·A想知道，是否有记录显示宇航员出现过异常的食欲渴望。

Anastasia Press, Odyssemus, Peter Scheiss, Hakguin, and Michael A at Terrier Mind wanted to know if there have been recorded instances of astronauts who have rogue cravings.

迈克尔想知道。

Michael wanted to know.

异常的食欲渴望。

Rogue cravings.

听起来非常极端。

Sounds very extreme.

我的意思是，你肯定经常听说人们渴望喝一杯冰啤酒。

I mean, you definitely hear the classic craving for a cold beer.

我想很多人都能感同身受。

Think a lot of people could relate to that.

但我认为，人们普遍渴望冷饮，因为这个补水站提供的只是热水、温水或室温水，根本没有冰箱可用。

But I think cold things in general are craved because this rehydration station, it's hot water, it's warm water, it's room temperature water, but there's not really access to a refrigerator.

我以前从没想过这一点，直到有人跟我提起。

And I never thought about that until it was described to me.

你知道，冷食可能不是每个人都喜欢，但一杯清爽的饮料，或者一些辛辣又新鲜的东西，就很吸引人。

You know, cold food might not be for everyone, but a refreshing drink or just like something chili and fresh things.

当然，所有新鲜食物，比如生菜，咬一口新鲜的东西。

Of course, all fresh foods, lettuce biting into something fresh.

这些都非常有限。

Those are all extremely limited.

巧克力、冰淇淋、真正的冰淇淋、披萨。

Chocolate, ice cream, real ice cream, pizza.

就是一些基本的东西。

It's like basic stuff.

巧克力，没错。

The chocolate yeah.

巧克力对我来说很有趣。

The chocolate is interesting to me.

我应该再回到那个话题。

I should get back to that.

但乔舒亚·马丁，第一次任务时，杰西卡问：在太空中可以喝酒吗？喝两口就会醉吗？

But Joshua Martin, first time quest, Jessica asked, are you allowed to have a beer in space, and do you get hammered off of two sips?

那里允许喝酒吗？

Do they even allow it up there?

他们会不会想，这设备有多贵？

Are they like, do you know how expensive this machinery is?

你用它的时候不会醉。

You're not being buzzed using it.

肯定有些违禁品。

There's gotta be some contraband things.

我的意思是，人都是人，没人告诉我任何事。

I mean, people are people no one's told me anything.

NASA宇航员不会告诉我任何事，但我认为他们经常被问到。

NASA astronauts will not tell me anything, but I think they get asked all the time.

有酒吗？

Is there booze?

肯定有酒。

There has to be booze.

然后，你知道，宇航员会带上伏特加吗？

And then, you know, do the cosmonauts bring up vodka?

每个人都想知道。

And everyone wants to know.

但啤酒，我觉得没有。

But beer, I think no.

我觉得罐装的碳酸饮料在太空中有点难处理，酒精也一般不行。

I think canned, you know, carbonated beverages are a little bit challenging in space and alcohol, generally speaking.

是的。

Yeah.

我觉得他们在上面工作时不喜欢喝酒。

I don't think they like working and drinking up there.

是的。

Yeah.

也许有一天吧。

Maybe one day.

我肯定宇航员们有。

I'm sure cosmonauts.

看起来像水。

Looks like water.

看起来像水。

Looks like water.

是的。

Yeah.

一位欧洲航天局的宇航员实际上在反馈调查访谈中称赞了厨师，说我们都一致认为我们很喜欢这些食物，但我们毫不怀疑，如果能配上一些葡萄酒，味道会好得多。

One European space agency astronaut actually complimented the chef saying during a feedback survey interview that we all agreed that we are enjoying this food, but we have no doubt that it would taste much better if we had some wine with it as well.

但酒精现在是被禁止的。

But booze is verboten now.

尽管在1969年7月，巴兹·奥尔德林曾将一些圣餐葡萄酒带上了阿波罗11号。

Although in July 1969, Buzz Aldrin took some communion wine with him aboard Apollo 11.

但就违禁品而言，顺带提一句，这不值得。

But in terms of contraband, just a side note, it's not worth it.

不妨问问双子座三号宇航员约翰·杨，他曾坦白说：‘我把一个三明治藏在了宇航服里。’

Just ask Gemini three astronaut John w Young, who confessed that, quote, I hid a sandwich in my spacesuit.

那是咸牛肉。

It was corned beef.

去了太空。

Went to space.

碎屑到处都是。

The crumbs went everywhere.

但回到酒的话题上。

But back to booze.

这里涉及的不只是醉酒驾驶或令人后悔的社交媒体内容。

It's not just drunk piloting or regrettable social media content at stake here.

酒精的化学性质可能会扰乱整个水回收系统。

The chemistry of alcohol could throw the whole water recovery system out of whack.

所以，别想着走私葡萄酒冷却器、漱口水、须后水或香水，不管多需要掩盖异味。

So don't even think of smuggling a wine cooler or mouthwash or aftershave or perfume with you, no matter how much stink needs masking.

但如果没有红酒，你如何为抗氧化剂找理由享受一份犒赏呢？

But without red wine, how are you gonna justify a treat for antioxidants?

嗯，2023年，有一位丹麦宇航员与一位食品科学家合作开发了一种名为Spacecrafted的巧克力棒。

Well, in 2023, there was a Danish astronaut who developed chocolate bars called Spacecrafted alongside a food scientist.

成分列表中包括黑巧克力以及近70种其他天然成分，如海藻、羽衣甘蓝、益生菌和镁。

And on the ingredient list were dark chocolate and nearly 70 other natural ingredients such as seaweed, kale, probiotics, magnesium.

不过，他并不仅仅带了自己的巧克力。

He didn't just bring his own, though.

他还带了75块与队友分享，这无疑是与共处半年的同事建立良好关系的绝佳方式。

He packed 75 to share with his crewmates, which is like a stellar way to win over office people that you'll be very close with for half a year.

说到这个。

Oh, on that note.

玛兰·莫利想知道，据说丹麦宇航员安德烈亚斯·莫加森在2023年的任务中将特制巧克力棒带到了国际空间站。

Maran Molley wanted to know they said Danish astronaut Andreas Morgansson brought specialty chocolate bars to the ISS on his 2023 mission.

我很好奇这些巧克力及其成分的更多细节。

I'm curious to know more about those and the ingredients.

据称，他在任务期间还为队友制作了巧克力慕斯。

Apparently, he also made chocolate mousse for his crew during the mission.

是否有宇航员会说，我非得吃这种特定的巧克力不可？

Do certain astronauts say, like, I gotta have this particular chocolate?

比如，带个士力架之类的东西很难吗？

Like, is it tough to just bring up a Snickers or something?

总有一些技术性的术语。

There's always, like, a technical term for things.

我觉得他们称之为‘乘员自选物品’。

I think they call them, like, crew select items.

哦。

Oh.

所以他们会从一个大约一百项的菜单中选择，还有一些可以是超市购买的物品。

So they get their choose from their menu, which it could be a 100 or so items, and then they have a few items which they can like grocery store items.

他们只需要通过一些测试，确保这些物品可以适当重新包装或满足安全标准。

They just have to pass certain tests that they can be repackaged appropriately or or meet the safety standard needs.

嗯。

Mhmm.

所以他们会得到一点点特别的东西，让自己感觉特别。

So they they get a little a little something, make them feel special.

哦，他们能得到一点小零食。

Oh, they get a tiny treat.

是的。

Yeah.

小零食。

Tiny treat.

就像当孩子一样。

It's like being a kid.

对啊。

Right.

如果在车里表现好，之后就可以吃这个。

If you're good in the car ride, you can have this later.

所以布莱恩的恶作剧想知道，我知道这可能有点肤浅和傻气，但关于零食呢？

So Brian Shenanigans wanted to know, I realize this may be superficial and silly, but what about treats?

有时候你就是想吃一块蛋糕。

Sometimes you just want a piece of cake.

该死。

Gosh darn it.

这会被视为奢侈品，因此不提供吗？

Would this be considered a luxury food and therefore not offered?

这有助于提升士气吗？

Does it help morale?

这确实能提升士气。

It definitely helps morale.

我的意思是，遗憾的是，你不能想什么时候吃蛋糕就什么时候吃。

I mean, I don't think, sadly, you can get that piece of cake whenever you want it.

现在上面的生活就是这样，但也许有一天会吧。

That's life up there right now, but maybe one day.

我知道他们送过哈根达斯棒或梦龙棒。

I know they sent like Haagen Dazs bars or Magnum bars.

我不确定具体是哪种，但就是这些冰淇淋棒。

I don't know what kind they were, but these ice cream bars.

它们被放进冷冻箱送上太空，因为当时有一个冷冻箱要上天，哦。

They got sent up to space in a freezer because there was a freezer going up Oh.

可能还带了一些血液样本。

Maybe with some blood samples.

比如，当一个冷冻箱被送上空间站，里面装的是科学实验用品，因为那是优先事项。

Like, when a freezer is going up to the space station with something for science because that's the priority.

嗯。

Mhmm.

如果还有空间，他们可能会偷偷塞点东西给宇航员。

If there's space, they might just sneak something in there for the astronauts.

但当我跟一位宇航员聊起这件事时，他又抱怨了，因为据说他们只得到了迷你版，而不是全尺寸的。

But then when I was talking to one of the astronauts who was complaining about that again because they apparently, they gave them only the tiny versions, not the full size versions.

他们觉得这对他们来说太抠门了。

They thought that was really cheap for them.

唉，谢谢啊。

Like, thanks for this.

真的吗？

Really?

好了，开始了。

And here we go.

希望你对一无所有也饿了。

I hope you're hungry for nothing.

你听说过《苍穹浩瀚》吗？

Have you heard of The Expanse?

《苍穹浩瀚》的书？

The Expanse books?

嗯。

Yeah.

而且我也其实我没读过，但我知道它也改编成了电视剧。

And I've also I actually I have not read them, and I have it's a TV show also, as far as I know.

哦，是吗？

Oh, is it?

好的。

Okay.

那是千层面。

That's lasagna.

这就是哇哦。

It's voila.

坐下。

Sit down.

我们来看看。

Let's see.

科比·埃文斯说，《苍穹浩瀚》系列书籍中花了大量篇幅描写咖啡豆，并问这是否已经成真。

Colby Evans says the expanse books give a lot of page time to bulbs of coffee and asked if that is already a thing.

艾莉森·D说，有一些关于太空食物的虚构例子。

And Alison D said there are some fictional instances of space food.

有没有哪些虚构作品中对太空食物的描绘是正确的？

Are there any fictional instances of space food done right?

例如，在《苍穹浩瀚》系列书籍中，狗粮被作为一种廉价且可长期储存的选择。

For example, there is kibble as a presumably low cost shelf stable option in the expanse books.

除了颜色之外，书中对它的描述并不多。

It's not described in much detail beyond color.

有一种是红色的，一种是白色的。

There's a red and a white one.

不过，是的，Alison D 想知道你对太空狗粮的看法。

But, yeah, Alison d is curious about your thoughts about space kibble.

太空狗粮。

Space kibble.

那不就是狗粮吗？

That's like dog food, isn't it?

狗粮？

Kibble?

是的。

Yeah.

就是说，如果可以的话。

Like, if okay.

所以我家里有一只狗在地球上。

So I have a dog on Earth.

对吧？

Right?

她每天可能吃不同的东西，但我们给她喂的是冷冻肉饼。

She could be eating different things every day, but we feed her, you know, frozen pucks.

对吧？

Right?

解冻后的冷冻肉饼。

Thawed frozen pucks.

她很好。

And she's fine.

兽医说这对她来说很棒。

The vet is like, this is great for her.

人类为什么不能直接来个配着红薯和鸡肉的肉丸呢？

Is there any reason why human beings couldn't just be like, here's your puck with sweet potato and chicken.

好好生活吧。

Have a good life.

我的意思是，我觉得现在他们就是这么做的，这有点让人难过。

I mean, I think that's kind of what they're doing right now, which is a bit sad.

嗯。

Yeah.

这说得通。

That makes sense.

是啊。

Yeah.

差不多就是这么回事。

That's like kinda what it is.

但我从来没听说过这种咖啡灯泡。

But I've never heard of these coffee bulbs.

听起来真美。

Sounds beautiful.

是啊。

Yeah.

对吧？

Right?

我就要这个。

I'll have that here.

是啊。

Yeah.

说真的，咖啡灯听起来就像走在街上，感觉应该握感很好。

Seriously, a coffee bulb does sound like just walking down the street with like a it sounds like it would have a good hand feel.

没错。

Yes.

懂吗？

Know?

把它从树上晃下来。

Fluck it off a tree.

对。

Right.

那不同的文化食谱呢？或者那些能让人感受到家乡、更像自己的东西？

What about different, like, cultural recipes or things that make them feel connected to their home or make them feel more like themselves?

这也是拉切尔·拜厄、A.

This was also on the minds of Rachel Bayer, A.

奥尔特加、尼克·里德、风暴、火女神、加比娅·西马蒂特、阿吉·加门、玛伦·梅林、夏洛特·帕金森、挑食者、全天候巫师，靠各种糊糊维生的尼克·里德，以及大脑的恶作剧。

Ortega, Nick Reed, Storm, Fire Goddess, Gabiya Shimatite, Aghi Gammen, Maren Melling, Charlotte Parkinson, picky eater, warlock full time who subsists on various gruels, Nick Reid, and brain shenanigans.

哦，还有卡比哈·萨梅蒂尔想知道关于文化考量和个人偏好，以及饮食选择是否会因船员而变化。

Oh, and Kabiha Sametier wanted to know about cultural considerations and personal preferences, and if food choices change based on the crew.

关于这个，你知道的，比如说你特别想念你妈妈的咖喱。

Is there anything about that, you know, let's say that you really miss your mom's curry.

你知道的？

You know?

是的。

Yeah.

我觉得有几则故事让我产生了共鸣。

I think there's been a few stories that resonated with me.

泡菜曾经被带到了太空。

There was kimchi has been to space.

我知道这件事。

I know that.

在第一位韩国宇航员的任务中，泡菜被特别制作并进行了冷冻干燥，因此不再是活的发酵食品。

There was with the first Korean astronaut, kimchi was specially prepared and and freeze dried, so it wasn't a living fermented food.

但人们明白，这具有极其重要的文化意义，因此必须想办法让它进入太空。

But it was, you know, understood that this is something of extreme cultural significance and should figure out a way for it to go to space.

另一个例子是，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）的一名宇航员想把樱花粉带上太空，不是作为食物，而是为了提醒自己家乡的味道。

In another instance, with JAXA, the Japanese space agency, an astronaut wanted to bring sakura flour, not as food, but as sakura flour to space to remind them of a home.

但当时不允许携带这种面粉，于是他们用传统的盐渍保存方法，几乎将它伪装成一种食品，从而偷偷混入菜单中，最终成功带到了太空。

And it wasn't allowed to bring this flour, so they used a traditional method of preserving this flour in salt and almost disguising it as a food product so that it could be snuck into the menu and then it could arrive in space like this.

哦。

Oh.

嗯。

Yeah.

这真的很美。

It's really beautiful.

有一张照片，显示宇航员凝视着一个球体中漂浮的花朵，深情地望着它，在失重状态下飘浮。

There's a picture of the astronaut with this floating flower in this sphere staring, lovingly gazing at it, floating in weightlessness.

而其中一些也是食物外交。

And then some of this is food diplomacy too.

我的意思是，就泡菜而言，我希望宇航员喜欢它，但我认为这也是各国政府和航天机构有意将文化带入空间站的一种表态。

I mean, in the case of kimchi, it's I hope that the astronaut enjoyed it, but I think it's also decisions from these governments and these space agencies to also make a statement and bring culture with intention to the space station.

嗯。

Yeah.

嗯，有好几个人想了解设备的事情。

Well, several people wanted to know about equipment.

肖恩·托马斯·凯恩、阿伽门农、卡特琳娜·维多利亚·查普林、谢里丹·凯利、咖啡因成瘾者想知道。

Sean Thomas Kane, Agamemnon, Katrina Victoria Chaplin, Sheridan Kelly, Caffeine Junkie, wanted to know.

卡特琳娜问，他们在太空中如何加热食物？

Katrina asked, how do they heat food in space?

他们有微波炉吗？

Do they have a microwave?

那可能会干扰一些精密设备之类的。

That would probably interfere with some sensitive equipment or something.

对吧？

Right?

卡特琳娜问。

Katrina asked.

嗯。

Yeah.

阿伽门农说，他们是怎样把东西弄热的？

Agamemnon said, like, how do they make things hot?

肖恩想知道，电炉或燃气灶在太空中有使用吗？

Sean wanted to know, do electric or gas stovetops, are they even used in space?

是不是全都靠热水加热？

Is it all just kind of hot water based?

好问题。

Good question.

现在，主要是用水加热的方式。

Today, it is mostly water based.

我想以前有一种老式的方法。

I think there was this old school method.

他们有一个这样的装置。

They had this device.

它看起来像一个公文包，就像特鲁利那样。

It looked like a briefcase, like Truly.

你会打开它，就像一个三明治机兼公文包，把食物放进去，夹在加热垫之间，然后合上公文包，等上一分钟，再打开吃食物。

And you'd open it up almost like this panini press slash briefcase where you would put your food inside out these heat pads and you would close the briefcase, wait, you know, a minute, open it up and eat your food.

或者在过去的罐头时代，我记得还有一个小孔，可以把罐头插进去，罐头周围会加热。

Or in the old can days, I think there was even this little hole where you could insert the can and maybe would heat up around the can.

嗯。

Mhmm.

但现在主要是用水加热。

But today, it's mostly mostly water.

所以没有炉灶，没有煎炸，什么都没有。

So no no stove tops, no frying, none of those

很遗憾。

things, sadly.

所以是的，因为没有重力来影响热空气上升、冷空气下沉，而且高能耗可能会导致保险丝熔断。

So, yes, because there's no gravity to influence the heat rising, cool air settling, and the high energy draws could, like, pop a fuse.

烤箱一直很难搞。

Ovens have been tough.

而且食物会漂浮。

Also, food floats.

曾有一个实验性的零重力厨房烤箱，通过与DoubleTree酒店的一次奇特品牌合作，用来烘烤巧克力豆饼干，但那是在地球上使用的实验性烤箱。

There was an experimental zero g kitchen oven used to bake chocolate chip cookies via kind of a bizarre branding deal with DoubleTree Hotel, but that was experimental ovens back on Earth.

目前有一些袋装加热装置在使用，但至今还没有什么特别诱人的食物。

And there are some pouch warmers in use, but for now, nothing very appetizing.

不过，2024年的深空食品挑战赛确实推出了一种离心式罐式烤箱的原型。

Although once again, that twenty twenty four deep space food challenge did come up with the prototype of a centrifugal canister oven.

尽管这个名为SAIDED（意为安全、整洁、高效且美味）的设备名称，如果能与艺术家合作，或请诗人或营销文案高手润色一下，可能会更好。

And while the name SAIDED, meaning safe, appliance, tidy, efficient, and delicious, could have benefited from an artist collaboration with perhaps a poet or some punch up from a marketing copywriter.

但它确实意味着人类在太空中实现新鲜布朗尼蛋糕的道路上迈出了巨大一步。

It does mean that humankind took one giant leap toward fresh brownies in space.

还没完全实现，但我们正在越来越接近。

Not there yet, but we're getting closer.

但在太空食品竞赛中，中国最近大获全胜，发布了一段视频，展示宇航员在中国天宫空间站上使用一种新型热空气烤箱，这就像一台非常先进且昂贵的空气炸锅。

But with the space food race, China recently whipped our asses, releasing a video of astronauts on their Tiangong Space Station using a new onboard hot air oven, which is like a very advanced and expensive air fryer.

他们正在制作鸡翅。

They were making chicken wings.

它们看起来真不错。

They look really good.

我想要一个烤面包机，把面包放进去，然后它就飘在失重环境中。

I would love a toaster, like, pop your toast, and then it just floats up into zero g.

是的。

Yeah.

但必须是个玉米饼烤炉。

But it's gotta be a tortilla toaster.

哦，对。

Oh, yeah.

必须是个玉米饼烤炉，然后就像一些小飞盘一样。

It's gotta be a tortilla toaster, and then just like little flying discs.

有点像飞碟。

Kind of like flying saucers.

对吧？

Right?

嗯。

Yeah.

嗯。

Mhmm.

琳内特·达维拉，瓦尔比在听。

Lynette Davila, Valby listening.

好奇的极客想了解关于补水的问题。

Curious Nerd wanted to know about hydration.

好奇的极客说，我读到过，宇航员由于体液重新分布、食物含水量低以及口渴生理机制的变化，容易脱水。

Curious Nerd said, I've read that astronauts can become easily dehydrated due to fluid shifts and low water content of food and alterations in physical mechanisms of thirst.

琳内特想知道，他们是不是得额外多喝水，因为这么多东西都是脱水的？

Lynette wants to know, do they have to drink extra water because so many things are dried?

或者我想象中，在太空中上厕所，感觉也不太好。

Or I imagine too having to pee in space is, like, not the vibe.

你知道的吧？

You know?

他们需要喝更多的水吗？

Do they have to drink a lot more water?

这是个非常好的问题。

That's a really good question.

我想说是的。

I'd want to say yes.

看起来他们确实需要喝更多水，而且他们在这种狭小的空间里还要大量锻炼。

It seems logical that they would have to drink more, and they are working out a lot in this confined space.

根据我的经验，比如在北极野外工作，以及与许多从事类似工作的人交流，我发现人们往往会有意或无意识地让自己脱水，因为正如你所说，上厕所太不方便了，你会想尽一切办法避免。

From experience, what I know from, like, Arctic field field work and speaking to a lot of people who do this kind of work as well, like there's a problem with people almost intentionally or subconsciously dehydrating themselves, because as you said, like going to the bathroom is so inconvenient that you'll try to avoid it at all costs.

你会故意不喝水，以免不得不频繁处理上厕所的麻烦。

You'll like intentionally not drink water so that you don't have to continuously go through the logistics of peeing.

嗯。

Mhmm.

这让我想到一个问题，我很高兴也很自豪能代表卡特里娜、艾米莉·克里格、杰西·科尔和其他一些人提出。

Which brings me to a question I'm happy and proud to ask on behalf of Katrina, Emily Krieger, Jesse Cole, and a few other people.

梅根·拉特克利夫、凯莉·沙弗和波皮想知道，波皮说，输入的必须输出。

Megan Ratcliffe, Kelly Shaver, and Bopi wanted to know Bopi said what comes in must go out.

我的问题是，产生的废物的数量和类型是否会被考虑进食物供应中？

My question is, does the amount and type of waste Oh.

克里斯蒂娜想知道，失重是否会影响咀嚼等过程？

Created go into consideration of food available?

让我们看看。

Christina wanted to know, does the lack of gravity affect processes like chewing?

另一个人问到了蠕动的问题。

Let's see.

但简单来说，艾米莉·克里格想知道，不好意思问一下，像十字花科这类容易产气的食物是否在太空中被刻意避免？

Another person asked about peristalsis.

杰西说，我听说空间站里闻起来有屁味和体味。

But really, like, to put it simply, Emily Krieger wants know, pardon my asking, but are cruciferous and other fart inducing foods purposely avoided in space.

杰西说，我听说空间站里闻起来有屁味和体味。

Jesse said, I heard it smells like farts and BO on the ISS.

它们如何帮助减少人们的胀气？

How do they help keep people less gassy?

菜单的设计充分考虑了这一点。

The menu is very much designed with that in mind.

话虽如此，每个人的体质都不同。

That being said, everyone's body is different.

没错。

So Right.

很难说。

Hard to say.

让你放屁的食物，不一定也会让我放屁。

What's you know, what makes you fart doesn't necessarily make me fart.

所以这有点像实验性做法。

So it's a little experimental.

但当宇航员首次进入太空时，人体的运作方式是一样的。

But the body functions in the same way when astronauts first went to space.