中国推出免费HPV疫苗接种计划

讨论让世界运转不息。

Discussion keeps the world turning.

这里是圆桌会议。中国医疗保健计划迎来重大消息，国家计划今年将国产HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，为适龄女童提供免费接种。这是中国国家免疫规划十七年来首次调整。为何选择现在实施？这项政策又将如何助力公共卫生防护？我们正在北京为您直播。

This is Roundtable. Big news for China's health care program as the country plans to add its domestic HPV vaccine to its national immunization program this year, making it free for school aged girls. This is the first revision of China's national immunization program in seventeen years. So why now and how will the policy help protect public health? We are live from Beijing.

这里是圆桌会议，我是史蒂夫。非常感谢各位今天的参与。本期节目中，我们邀请到了牛红林和余珊共同探讨。首先进入今日要闻。

This is Roundtable. I'm Steve. Thank you very much for being with us today. And for the program, I'm joined by Niu Hong Lin and Yu Shan. First on the show.

中国宣布十七年来首次更新国家免疫规划，此举意义重大。调整内容是将国产HPV疫苗纳入其中，这项里程碑式政策将为适龄女童提供免费接种。通过突破费用高昂和获取渠道有限等关键障碍，该战略举措旨在显著降低未来宫颈癌的疾病负担。

China has announced its first update to the national immunization program in seventeen years. This is a very big deal. The inclusion, the change, is a domestically produced HPV vaccine. It's a landmark policy that will provide free vaccination to school aged girls. It's a strategic move aimed at drastically reducing the future burden of cervical cancer by overcoming critical barriers of cost and limited access.

通过将疫苗纳入常规公共卫生服务，中国力求实现群体免疫所需的高接种覆盖率，既保障个体健康，又推进健康公平与长期福祉的国家目标。这确实是项重大举措。下午好，红林和余珊，欢迎回来。不得不说真是久违了。

By integrating vaccine into routine public health services, China aims to achieve the high vaccination coverage necessary for herd immunity, protecting individual health, and also advancing national goals for health equity and long term wellness. It is indeed a very big deal. Good afternoon, Yohong Lin and Yushan. Welcome back. I have to say it's been a long time.

谢谢。重返节目很愉快，但更令人欣喜的是参与这类实地报道任务。

Thank you. It's nice being back, but it's nicer being on these kind of reporting trips.

没错。这个话题我们稍后会在'欢乐时光'环节详谈。现在让我们先聚焦今日要闻——这个意义重大且至关重要的议题。

Yeah. We're gonna talk about that later later in Happy Place. But this is a let's get to this first on the show. It's a very big deal. It's an important issue.

玉山，你来开个头吧。

Yushan, kick us off.

是的。听到中国计划将人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（即HPV疫苗）纳入国家免疫规划的消息，我非常兴奋，这是国家疾病预防控制局官员宣布的。正如史蒂夫你刚才提到的，今年国家将为所有适龄女孩提供HPV疫苗接种服务，总体目标是为了保护女性健康。

Yeah. I was very excited to hear that China now plans to include the human papillomavirus vaccine or the HPV vaccine in our national immunization program as announced by officials from the National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention. So the country would roll out HPV vaccination services this year for all eligible girls like you mentioned earlier, Steve, and the aim is to just protect women's health in general.

没错。这将覆盖全国很大比例的年轻女性，对吧？

Yeah. So this is going to cover a large percentage of young women all around the country. Yes?

是的。说实话这并非全新举措，因为中国许多城市和地区早已在地方层面实施了类似计划。比如国家卫健委数据显示，包括华南的广东、海南等18个省份，以及郑州（华中河南）、鄂尔多斯（华北内蒙古自治区）等城市，都已将HPV疫苗接种纳入地方政府支持的公共服务项目。这意味着前几年国内多地其实已经启动了这项工作。统计还表明，免费接种政策目前覆盖了全国约60%的适龄女孩。

Yeah. And it's not really entirely a new move, to be honest, because many Chinese cities and regions in China, they had already rolled out, like, similar programs locally. For example, data from the National Health Commission showed that 18 provinces, including South Asia's Guangdong and Hainan province, as well as cities such as, Zhengzhou in Central China's Henan Province and Ordas in North China's Inner Mongolia, autonomous region, they have all incorporated HPV vaccination into their local government backed, public service projects, which means that this, in previous years, already kind of had already been initiated in, several places here in China. And also, statistics indicate that the free vaccination policy now covers about sixty percent of eligible girls nationwide.

如你所说这真是个好消息。那么具体实施计划是怎样的呢？

That is great news as you mentioned. So how are they planning on doing this then?

我们观察到主要有三种形式：免费提供、定额补贴和医保覆盖。具体而言，多数地区提供的是国产疫苗，可预防两种最常见的HPV病毒株——这很有意思，因为HPV有上百种不同类型。有些毒株相对'无害'，人体不会产生剧烈反应。

There are majorly three steps we see or three forms. We see free provision, fixed subsidies, and medical insurance coverage. Specifically, most regions offer the domestically developed vaccines that protect against the two most common HPV strains. Now this is interesting because there are over hundreds of different types of strains. Some are relatively so called harmless in the sense that your body would not react to it drastically.

你不会感到任何症状，也不会引发包括癌症在内的严重疾病。但有些是高危型，意味着这些高危毒株可能导致我们刚才提到的各类严重后果。

You would not feel any symptoms, and it would not lead to any other severe diseases, including cancer. But some are high risk ones, meaning the high risk ones might lead to different type of those things that we've already mentioned.

嗯。

Mhmm.

对于不同种类的HPV病毒株，目前有两种最常见的毒株疫苗是免费提供的，同时其他类型的疫苗也有补贴。所以如果我们能将这两种最危险且常见的毒株纳入计划，实际上我们已经解决了问题的主要部分。

So for different strains, there are two most common HPV strains that are free of charge while providing subsidies for other types of vaccines. So if we got to the two most dangerous and also common strains, get into the program, we've already we are already solving the major part of the problem.

是的。稍后我们会更详细地了解可用的不同类型疫苗。关于目标人群，我们刚才简单提到过，主要是学龄女孩。

Yeah. We'll check out in more detail a little bit later about the different types of, vaccines that are available. The target population here, we mentioned it briefly already, school aged girls.

没错。主要是13至14岁具有本地户籍或学籍的女孩。部分地区已将年龄范围扩展或限定在初中特定年级，通常学校是疫苗接种的主要组织方。少数地区还将低收入背景的女性纳入服务对象。我认为将HPV疫苗纳入国家计划的一大进步在于，它覆盖了更广泛的女孩和女性群体，使得对相关疾病和癌症的预防可以从青少年时期就开始。

Right. They're mainly the girls aged between 13 to 14 with local household registration or school enrollment. And in some areas, the age range has been extended or limited to certain grades in junior high schools, and usually, it's the schools that's the that are the primary, say, organizers of the vaccination. And a few regions also include women from low income backgrounds as service recipients. That's one major advancements, I'll say, of this initiative of adding HPV vaccine into this national program that is it covers a wider range of girls and women so that the prevention of the lead on diseases and cancers can already start when they're as young as teenagers.

这些都是学校组织的项目吗？我在想，因为在加拿大，这类HPV疫苗接种属于各省和地区公立学校资助的疫苗接种项目。虽然不是强制性的，但通过学校项目提供。我记得大约从12或13岁开始，也就是加拿大小学六年级左右。

These are school programs, are they? Or I'm wondering because in Canada, these types of vaccinations, the HPV vaccination shots, are part of publicly funded school based vaccination programs in all of the provinces in Canada and all of the territories in Canada. It's not a mandatory shot, it's just available through school programs. And I think they begin the age around 12 or 13, it's the sixth grade, I think, of elementary school in in Canada.

首先，这背后有科学依据。我们不仅希望尽可能早地保护女孩免受这种疾病侵害，而且在年轻时接种疫苗，身体反应更好，能更早更强地建立保护系统。这意味着年龄较大的人即使接种相同疫苗，也无法产生同等程度的保护机制，这解释了起始年龄的设定。此外在中国，我们的疫苗接种体系也分为不同类型。

Well, to start with with, there is a scientific background or reason for it. That is not only are we trying to protect girls from this as young as possible from the disease. Also, when you get the vaccination early in these early days, your body responds to it better. It builds up this protecting system in your health in your body are stronger and earlier, which means even if for people a little bit older getting the same kind of vaccine, they would not generate the similar type of protection system in the body, which explains the age to start with. And also here in China, when it comes to the vaccination system, we have different types.

比如幼儿园阶段的孩子必须接种某些疫苗。

For example, when a kid is in kindergarten, it is mandatory to have the shots of certain vaccines.

是的。

Yes.

你必须接种这些疫苗才能进入教室，融入群体，因为群体已经形成了群体免疫。没错。你需要成为群体中的一员。

You have to have those to get into the classroom, to get into the herd, because the herd is already herd immune. Yes. You need to be one of the herds.

明白了。我想在加拿大，这并非全国统一强制要求，而是各省自行规定。某些省份——我印象中是魁北克和新不伦瑞克省（可能还有其他省份或我记错了）——要求入学前必须接种特定疫苗，具体取决于所在省份。

Understood. I think in Canada, I don't think it's it goes province by province. I don't think it's a nationally mandated thing to receive certain vaccinations for the whole country to enter school, but there are certain provinces. I wanna say Quebec and New Brunswick are the provinces, but there could be more or I might be wrong about those. But it depends on the province, if you want to enter school in the first place.

这些是强制接种的疫苗。除此之外还有其他可选疫苗，因为有些孩子对特定药物过敏，无法接种某些疫苗。另外部分疫苗并非完全免费，家庭可以自主选择是否接种。但很多这类项目都是通过学校组织的。

So those are the mandatory one. But after that, there are other kind of vaccination that you get to choose. You can say because for some kids, they are allergic to certain type of medicine, meaning that they cannot cannot take certain vaccination. And also, some vaccination are not completely free of charge, which means some families can choose to take it or not. But many of these programs are school based.

学校会通知医生何时来教室，让每个孩子哭着打完针——但这确实提供了有效的健康保护，家长可以选择是否报名参加

School will tell you when the doctors will come to the classrooms, make each and every kid cry, but give them really proper health protection, and you can choose to sign up for it or

当然，这绝不是孩子们在学校最喜欢的日子。今天这个话题让我受益匪浅，我们讨论的免疫接种虽然主要针对学龄女孩，但男性同样会受到影响。

not. It's not the the kids' favorite day at school, though. That's for sure. This is a good learning experience, this topic for me today because, yes, we're talking about the immunization. The the target audience here is is school aged girls, but this is something that can affect men as well.

我从加拿大政府网站了解到：未接种HPV疫苗的人中，75%的加拿大人一生中某个阶段会感染该病毒。如果加拿大如此，全球多数国家很可能也面临同样情况。事实上很多人可能听说过但不甚了解，我们应该花几分钟认识这个疾病——HPV本身是什么？为何这种疫苗接种被视为预防宫颈癌等相关癌症的关键措施？

And one of the things that I learned from from the Canadian government website is that if not immunized for HPV, if you're not immunized for it, seventy five percent of Canadians will get it at some point in their lifetime. And if if that applies to Canada, well then that's probably going to apply to the majority of countries around the world. Now, we haven't discussed, I think for a lot of people, maybe we've heard of this before, maybe not as a matter of fact, so I think we should spend at least a few minutes learning about what this is. So what is the disease itself and why is this immunization or vaccination considered such a crucial step especially when we're talking about preventing things like cervical cancer cancer or other related cancers.

总的来说，HPV病毒是一种无处不在的病毒，几乎可以感染任何人，无论男性还是女性。一旦感染，病毒会存在于身体的不同部位，有资料将HPV列为最常见的性传播感染。你说得对，Huline，事实上人类有超过200种高风险和低风险的HPV病毒亚型。

So the HPV virus in general, it is a ubiquitous virus that can infect literally anyone, male or female. Once you are infected, the virus will live in different parts of your body, and some sources would identify HPV as the most common sexually transmitted infection. There are more than you're right, Huline. There are more than 200 types of human risk sorry. Human high risk and low risk HPV viruses strains.

事实上，大多数有性行为的人一生中某个阶段都会感染HPV。我听到的版本是，对于女性群体而言，我们中80%的人一生至少会感染一次HPV。是的，这就是它有多么普遍。

And in fact, most sexually active people would get the HPV at some point in their lives. The version I heard was that for for women in general, eighty percent of us will get at least once HPV infection in our lives. Yeah. So that's just how common it it is.

它确实很常见。而之所以危险，是因为大多数感染者完全没有任何症状，他们感觉一切正常，甚至不知道自己已被感染。

It it is common. And the reason why this is is dangerous is because most people with it will experience no symptoms whatsoever, and they will feel totally fine, and they won't even know that they're infected.

至少在感染的第一年内是这样。

At least during the first year of infection.

没错，某些类型的HPV可以在体内存活一两年后自行消失——这指的是低风险类型。但对于某些特定毒株，少数人的感染会持续存在，可能导致癌症等并发症，这就是为什么疫苗接种极其重要，尤其是对预防宫颈癌最为关键。

Yeah, and it can live in your body for one to two years and then go away on its own. That's for certain types. Those would be for the low risk types. Right? But for certain strains, for a small number of people, the infection can persist and it can lead to complications like certain types of cancers, and that's why the coverage is incredibly important and more specifically it's most important to prevent cervical cancer.

是的。在中国，女性分娩后会接受一些检查，其中包括HPV检测。我认为这是因为产后女性感染率相对更高，进行检测有助于掌握情况并提供针对性治疗。

Right. And after giving birth, women here in China would get some checkups, and that would include HPV tests. Yes. I think it's because it's relatively even more common for women after giving birth. So having the test would help protect with the situation and also provide them with specific kind of treatment as well.

根据国家癌症中心2024年发布的研究，中国女性宫颈癌病例占全球总数的22%-23%，死亡病例占全球16%。几乎所有的宫颈癌病例——我说几乎是指超过99.7%——都与HPV感染有关，持续性的HPV感染可能最终发展为宫颈癌。

And now we know that a study released by the National Cancer Center in 2024 reviewed that cervical cancer cases among Chinese women account for twenty two twenty three percent of the global total Mhmm. While deaths account for sixteen percent worldwide. And almost all cervical cancer cases by saying almost all, I'm talking about over ninety nine point seven percent are related to HPV infection and persistent HPV infection can potentially develop into cervical cancer.

是的，所以你看，这基本上就是证据了，不是吗？那种特定类型的癌症就是病因。这非常科学，就像俗话说的，事实胜于雄辩。

Yeah, so there you I mean that's pretty much the proof, isn't it? That that specific type of cancer, that is the cause of it. So this is very scientific and the proof is in the pudding, as they say.

这里需要稍微提一下，宫颈癌确实是一个方面，但还有其他癌症会影响男性和

Just tiny little note here that is cervical cancer is definitely one thing, but there are other cancers that can affect both men

女性。嗯。

and women Mhmm.

这些癌症也与HPV有关，这就是为什么也建议男性接种疫苗。

Are also related to HPV, which is why men are recommended even to have the vaccination as well.

男孩也是。

Boys too.

没错。而且这些疫苗接种可以从很小就开始，事实上最早九岁就可以。那么为什么要接种疫苗呢？《中国日报》有篇报道提到，疫苗提供了一道非常重要的防线。那么这道防线具体是什么呢？

Yeah. And those vaccinations can start at a very early age, as young as nine years old, as a matter of fact. So then why why the vaccination? There was a report from China Daily that talks about the vaccination provides a really important line of defense. So what is that line of defense?

对。在中国，目前可用的二价、四价和九价HPV疫苗，都能有效预防超过70%的宫颈癌病例。这是将疫苗接种作为筛查前——或者说在感染任何类型HPV之前——的保护层的效果。这是根据北京大学人民医院主任医师魏丽惠的说法。全球范围内，卫生机构建议所有性别的儿童在开始性行为前接种HPV疫苗，主要还是为了起到保护作用。

Right. Here in China, the current available two valent or four valent and nine valent HPV vaccines, they can all effectively prevent more than seventy percent of cervical cancer cases. That's the efficiency of using vaccination as a protection or as a protection layer before screening, I'll say, before getting any type of HPV infections. And this is according to chief physician Wei Lihue at Peking University People's Hospital. And globally globally speaking, health agencies recommended HPV vaccination for children of all genders before the onset of sexual activity, which, again, is for protection mostly.

是的。显然，这些统计数据再次证明，这些疫苗接种不仅是有益的，几乎是必要的。对吧？那么为什么...

Yeah. So obviously, again, these statistics are are are proof that that these vaccinations are not just not just helpful. They're almost they're almost necessary. Right? Why why then?

让我们探讨原因。为什么中国将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划？为何这一决定被视为具有里程碑意义？

Let's get to the why. Why is China's inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program? Why is this such a considered to be such a landmark decision?

没错。中国自1978年起全面实施国家免疫规划，最初仅包含卡介苗等四种疫苗，用于预防结核病。

Yeah. Well, China has fully say implemented its national immunization program ever since 1978. And it initially included only four vaccines such as the BCG vaccine, which is used to prevent turbo q losses.

结核病。是的。

Tuberculosis. Yeah.

结核病和麻疹疫苗。嗯。到2007年2月，该规划已扩展至14种疫苗，覆盖15种传染病的预防。规划内的疫苗对0至6岁儿童免费且强制接种。

Tuberculosis and the measles vaccine. Mhmm. But by '20 by 02/2007, the program had now, had expanded to 14 vaccines covering the prevention of 15 infectious infectious diseases. And vaccines, they covered within the program. They are free and compulsory for children aged zero and six.

我查了下资料。幼儿在入园前大约需要接种八种不同类型的疫苗。

And I did a little bit of checking. So for young kids before entering preschool, they kinda need to take around eight different types of vaccines.

是的。我带孩子去过社区医院很多次。

Yes. Many times to the community hospital with my kid.

哦，已经要打了吗？是的。

Oh, already? Yeah.

对，对。而且每种疫苗有时需要接种，我记得是三针，三个剂量。我在英国读书时接种HPV疫苗就是打了三针。所以我想对孩子们来说，情况应该也差不多。

Yeah. Yeah. And and each vaccine, sometimes you need to take, I think, three shots, three doses. For HPV, I took three doses back in when I was studying in The UK. So I would assume for kids, it's, yeah, similar.

但其中有些疫苗只在疫区接种，对于非高风险地区的人来说并非强制。所以如果你来自非疫区却想接种这类疫苗，

But some of these vaccines, they are only vaccinated in epidemic areas as in they're not mandatory for people that's from outside of this these risky areas. So and for those people, if you want to take such vaccines, but you're not really in the, say, the zone where this epidemic may happen, you

高风险区域。

The higher risk zones.

是的，这种情况下你需要自费。不是完全免费的。嗯。不过大部分这类疫苗都是免费的。

Yeah. You kinda need to pay for it. It's not completely free in your case. Mhmm. But, yeah, most of these vaccines, they are free.

我认为这类疫苗接种计划主要基于两大原因：一是疫情已发展为大流行，我们需要通过接种来消除疾病；二是接种能显著改善健康状况——比如HPV疫苗，若90%的9至14岁女孩接种两剂国产二价疫苗（这个概念稍后会解释），配合一定程度的筛查，就能大幅降低宫颈癌发病率。正因如此，我们才将这类能显著提升公共健康的疫苗纳入国家医疗计划，让更多人获得接种机会。

I think these kind of vaccination plans come definitely with two major reasons. One is that the pandemic is very well, the the epidemic is a pandemic, meaning that we do need a vaccination to drive away the disease. That's one reason. And the other reason would be having this kind of vaccination would significantly improve the situation in the sense that, for example, for HPV one, if ninety percent of girls aged nine to 14 receive two doses of the domestically produced two valent, which is a concept to explain a bit later, vaccine, combined with a certain level of screening, the incidence of cervical cancer can be significantly reduced. So that would be the reason we now have this kind of vaccination plan that can improve the health situation significantly, then definitely we would like to have more people being able having access to the vaccination and putting it into a national health plan is definitely the way to do it.

刚才提到的二价概念其实是疫苗学的通用术语，并非HPV专用。它指的是该疫苗包含多少种病毒株类型。

And I mentioned about the two valent. Valent is a concept that is common with vaccination. Mhmm. It's not specific for HPV. The idea is how many strains or how many types of strains it include in this specific vaccination.

例如，二价疫苗意味着有两种主要类型。还有四价疫苗含四种成分，九价疫苗涵盖九种不同强度。中国正在积极研发十五价疫苗。玉山还提到接种剂次的问题，即需要注射多少针。这背后确实存在不同的考量。

For example, the two val the two valent one means there are two major types. There's also the four valent one having four, nine valent one having nine different strengths. And China is actively researching on producing the 15 valent ones. And Yushan also mentioned how many shots you get, how many rounds or doses you would need to have. There are definitely different reasons for it.

部分剂次是为了再次刺激机体，使其产生保护性免疫防线。目前在中国大陆，24岁以下人群接种国产疫苗需两剂，24至45岁人群则需要三剂。

Some are to stimulus your body again so it can generate the protective line in your body, immune line in your body as such. And, generally, for those who are under the age of 24, now here in China, for the domestic vaccination, it takes two doses. And for those before the age well, between the age of 24 to 45, it takes three doses.

嗯，明白了。所以这是因人而异的。关于疫苗的这类讨论其实已经持续相当长时间了，对吧？

Mhmm. Okay. So it depends then. The topic I mean, this type of discussion on on the vaccines has been around for quite some time. Right?

这个话题并不是今年才突然出现的。

This just this isn't just popping up this year.

不完全是。早在2020年就开始流行了，当时我身边不同年龄段的女性朋友都想在中国接种这种疫苗。人们各寻门路，有人要飞往香港接种，有时排队等待时间甚至长达一年才能轮到。

No. Not entirely. Back in 2020, I think that's when it started to get popular where a lot of female friends around me of all different ages, they were trying to get such vaccine in China. So people search for their own way. Some need to fly to Hong Kong to get it, and sometimes it the queue can be as long as you have to wait for, like, a year or so to get your chance.

是的。在中国大陆，过去这类社区医疗服务机构并不常见。

Yeah. In Chinese Mainland, we didn't used to have a lot of different clinic, let's say, community medical services for that.

嗯。

Mhmm.

到了2021年4月，国家卫健委开始提议将消除宫颈癌行动作为建设健康城市的切入点。这包括推广HPV疫苗的使用和加强宫颈癌的三级预防。这个过程首先是初级预防，即健康教育和HPV疫苗接种，随后是二级预防——宫颈癌筛查。而三级预防则是指阻止疾病进展，意味着在女性生命周期中，即便患上这种现今常见的疾病，也能尽早干预遏制其发展。

And then when it comes to April 2021, the National Health Commission began to propose taking the cervical cancer elimination campaign as an entry point for building healthy cities. That's including the promoting of the use of HPV vaccines and strengthening tertiary prevention of cervical cancer. That's a process where the primary prevention referring to health education and also HPV vaccination and then followed by the secondary prevention of cervical cancer screening. Also, this tertiary prevention still referred to preventing disease progression, which means that later on in your life, once you get it, which is a common thing for women nowadays, if you get it, you stop its progression and you deal with it as early as possible.

没错。你提到2020年时人们还辗转各地接种疫苗，而2021年国家卫健委就提出了更大规模的推广计划。同年，他们启动了一些试点城市项目。

Sure. So back in 2020, you said people were flying to different locations to get their vaccinations. 2021 Mhmm. That's when the National Health Commission proposed creating a bigger campaign about this. And then in that year, they rolled out some some pilot city programs.

是的。首批15个试点城市/区正式启动了宫颈癌防控计划。随后各省市陆续出台政策，正如我先前所说，为适龄女孩提供免费HPV疫苗接种。

Yeah. That's the first batch of the 15 pilot city or districts that's officially launched launching their program for cervical cancer prevention and control. Then some provinces and cities all wrote started to roll out policies, like I mentioned earlier, to provide free HPV vaccinations for girls of just appropriate age.

明白了。那么快进几年后，后续进展如何？

Okay. Then jump forward a couple of years later. What happened after that?

时间来到2023年1月，国家卫健委等九部门联合发布了加速国产HPV疫苗审批的国家级行动计划，同时鼓励有条件的地方开展接种试点，探索多渠道支持资源不足地区女孩接种。到了今年九月，北京市全面启动面向2025年入学七年级女孩的免费HPV疫苗接种计划，使用的是国产二价疫苗，可预防最容易引发宫颈癌的HPV16和18型病毒。

That's around in January 2023. Right? The National Health Commission and nine other departments, they jointly issued action plan for speeding up the review and approval of domestic HPV vaccines at the, well, the national level this time while encouraging qualified regions at the local level to carry out vaccination pilots and just explore multiple channels to support the vaccination for girls in just under resourced areas. And coming to this September, the here we come the the city of Beijing who fully launched the free HPV vaccination program for seventh grade girls enrolling in 2025, and that's using domestically produced two valent HPV vaccines that protects these girls from the two most dangerous variants. I think it's HPV sixteen and eighteen that can most easily cause cervical cancer if left untreated.

这真是国家卫生事业发展中一个了不起的进步，

Yeah. I mean, this is just such a wonderful development for the health program in the country,

不是吗？

isn't it?

是的。我记得第一次听说HPV疫苗及相关疾病预防的概念大约是在2016年。那时国家开始推行各种试点项目，这些不同的...

Yes. I think the first time I heard about the idea, the concept, having vaccination for HPV diseases, related diseases, was in around 2016. I think at that time, the country started to have different pilot initiatives and Those different

是国际研发的疫苗，但...

were internationally created vaccines, But of

当时在某些地区已经可以接种，这个话题也已进入公众视野。但那时我刚大学毕业，同学们和社会上对疫苗的理解五花八门。有人说年轻女孩不需要接种，这是给性活跃期女性准备的。

it was already accessible in certain parts, and it's already in the topic. But back then, I was freshly and just graduated from college. And it the the way to understand it, to understand the concept, understand the vaccination were various among my classmates and also on this in the society. Some people would say, well, young girls do not need this. This is for sexually active women.

他们认为这是相对年长女性才需要的疫苗，年轻女孩不会得这种病。虽然这不是主流观点，但这种声音确实比较强烈。

It's for relatively older women. You do not find its disease in young girls, and that was not the major concept or idea about it, but definitely it was a relatively stronger voice.

所以十年前疫苗虽然已经上市，但当时的科普教育还远远不够。

So the vaccinations were available at that time about ten years ago, but the education on the topic wasn't that strong ten years ago.

这正是我想说的。后来我们看到越来越多人不仅致力于研发更好的疫苗，还积极在各个学校开展教育工作。现在中小学都有健康防护课程，当HPV疫苗被纳入国家公共卫生计划时，再也听不到'女孩年龄太小不需要接种'这类声音了。

Exactly my point. And later on, you see more and more people not only working in the field of doing research and developing better vaccination shots, but also doing very proactively education work in different places, in different schools. You've seen you see primary middle school having different education sessions, teaching people about how to protect their health. And nowadays, when we see this free vaccination plan being included in the country's health plan, the overall health plan, we do not hear the voices about, oh, that that's so the girls we're talking about are so young. They do not need this vaccination.

我认为针对这种疾病和接种行为的污名化几乎已经完全消除了。

The stigma is already, I think, almost completely get out of the disease as well as the action of getting the vaccination.

十年前可接种的国外疫苗中，一种是2016年7月在中国获批使用的英国制药公司生产的二价疫苗。一年后的2017年，又有美国公司生产的四价疫苗获准在国内上市。到了2018年，同样来自美国公司的九价HPV疫苗也获得了在中国的有条件上市许可。

The vaccinations, the foreign vaccinations that were available ten years ago, one was, from a UK pharmaceutical company that was approved for use in China in July 2016. That was a two valent, vaccine. Then a year later in 2017, there was a four valent, vaccine that was from a US company that was approved for marketing here in the country. And then in 2018, there was the nine valent HPV vaccine that was also from a US company. It got, some conditional approvals for marketing in China as well.

可以想象当时接种这些疫苗的费用一定很昂贵。

I can only imagine that those would have been expensive at the time to receive those.

确实如此。尤其如果是在中国境内接种，那时候这些疫苗基本都不在医保范围内。我记得2018年我在英国留学时，对这个疫苗完全没概念。而国内的朋友们纷纷打电话说'你现在就在伦敦，干嘛不去接种？'

I think so. Especially if you're trying to get it from within China, then back then, it's not really all covered by your medical insurance if you decide to get those vaccinations. I remember, yeah, still back in 2018, I was studying in The UK, and back then, I had no idea of this vaccine vaccine at all. And my friends here in China, they were ringing me saying that, oh, you are in London right now. Why don't you get the vaccine?

我当时还很疑惑为什么。你看，他们其实接受了相关教育，早就有了'应该尽早接种'的认知和健康意识。

I'm like, why? See? They got the education though. They they've already had this, say, education and Awareness. Notion and awareness of, yeah, this is something that you should get even though as possible.

虽然那时我们已经二十四五岁了，但他们都说越早接种越好。在他们的影响下，我鼓起勇气——你能体会那种独自在异国他乡，突然被建议在当地打疫苗的感觉吗？

As early as even though back then, we're already, like, '24, '25 ish. But still, as early as possible, the earlier, the better. So under their influence, I kind of took up the courage. You know how it feels when you're alone all alone in a different land, and then all of a sudden, you're suggested to get a vaccine Yeah. Locally.

我花了大约400英镑，折合3600元人民币。在伦敦的药房很顺利就完成了接种，那里的医护人员对接待中国学生早已习以为常。我说想接种三剂疫苗，他们就直接帮我预约好了三次接种的时间。

I spent around £400. I think that that roughly equals 3,600 yuan. Just within and got us quite easily in the pharma pharmacy there in London, and it's quite common for the medical staff there to receive Chinese students coming into their pharmacy and say, oh, I kinda want to get the three boost and we just scheduled my three different shots, scheduled the date for me.

直接在药房里接种的。

At the at the pharmacy itself.

在药房。在英国根本不需要去医院就诊。但在2018年的中国，你得自己预约并自费。确实如此。这就是过去几年里我们迈出的巨大信任步伐。

At the pharmacy. There there were no hospital visit at all required in The UK. But here in in China back in 2018, you kinda have to book it and and pay for it yourself. Sure. And that's just how big of a leap of faith we've got within the past few years.

但随后国外疫苗之后，国产疫苗也跟上了。有两种国产二价疫苗获批上市，分别在2019年和2022年广泛使用，且已被证明是成功的。

But then following those foreign vaccines came the domestic ones. And there were two domestically produced two valent vaccines that were approved for market launch, one in 2019, one in 2022 that were widely used, and they have proven to be successful.

没错。

Right.

针对9至14岁的女孩。接着中国推出了自主研发的九价HPV疫苗，进一步将宫颈癌防护年龄范围从9岁扩展至45岁女性。尽管今天我们分享了这么多精彩信息和学到的美好事物，仍存在一些困难和挑战。正如牛红林所说，污名正在消失，对吧？这仅适用于有性行为的人群。我能理解为何这让某些父母，尤其是年轻女儿的父母会犹豫。如果他们对此话题不够了解或未接受相关教育，可能会感到不适。

With girls as young as nine to to 14. And then China rolled out its domestically developed nine valent HPV vaccine, and it further expanded the cervical cancer protection for that age group starting at nine, but all the way up to women aged 45 as So with all of this kind of really wonderful information that we're sharing today and all of the wonderful things that we're learning here, there are still some difficulties, some challenges, and one of those challenges, and I can kind of understand it, I think, you said, Niu Hong Lin, that the stigma is disappearing, right? This is only for sexually active people, And I can understand why that would make some parents, especially parents of a young daughter, a little hesitant. If they're not fully aware of the topic, if they're not educated on the topic, it might make them feel uncomfortable.

是的。我认为并未完全消失。如你所说正在消失，人们尤其是年轻女孩接种疫苗的父母正获得更多信息并接受教育。十多年前我第一次听说时，也曾听到同学家长说‘你不需要’。

Yes. Think it's not fully disappeared. Like you said, it's disappearing, and people are getting more information and getting educated about it, especially the parents of young girls having a vaccination. I talked about more than ten years ago when I first heard about it. I also heard parents of my classmates saying, you don't need it.

嗯。你没有性行为，这是给年长女性的。你不需要接种，完全没必要。我不太确定，但在这个国家的某些角落，可能仍有这样的讨论存在。

Mhmm. You are not sexually active, and it's for elder ladies. You do not need to take a shot. That is totally unnecessary. And I'm not really sure, but I think in certain corners of the country, might still having or the conversation might still happening.

那么，社交媒体上家长们的反应如何？

Well, what was the reaction from parents on social media?

以北京为例。今年，北京开始为所有七年级或初一女生免费接种HPV疫苗，正如我们之前提到的。在社交媒体上，家长和学生们的反应五花八门。有人强烈支持推广，也有人倾向于观望，看看是否有副作用，是否会对女孩产生影响，以及HPV疫苗是否真如宣传那样有效，尤其是针对九种病毒株的疫苗——这意味着分三次将九种不同的抗病毒化学物质注入体内。这些物质对身体的影响有时是未知的。

Take Beijing, for example. This year, Beijing began to offer free HPV vaccination to all, seventh grade or first year middle school girls, as we mentioned earlier. And on social media, there are quite a mix of reactions shared by parents and students. So with some are strongly supporting the rollout and others are just preferring to wait a little and see if there are any side effects and if it does something to the girl and if an HPV vaccine really does what it claims, especially the nine strains, that means that in three different times, are putting in nine different kind of antivirus kind of chemicals into into into your body. What what what it does to your body is sometimes They're back to unknown to people.

是的，回到2018、2019年，我和室友都是女孩，我非常感激父母百分之百的支持。尽管他们并不完全了解疫苗是什么，只知道它能保护我，帮助我在未来十年或二十年预防疾病。但同时，我室友的父母真实地表示：‘你们不知道它有什么作用，为什么要在异国他乡盲目相信他们说有效就真的对你有效呢？’

And, yeah, again, back in 2018, 2019. I've got a roommate to to both of us were girls, and I'm very grateful for my parents who were a 100% supportive. Even though they did not fully know, like, what the vaccine is, they only know that it's protective and that it's going to help me in the next, say, decade or two decades in my life to prevent me from getting any diseases. Well, in the meantime, this is a real sharing from from my roommate's parents saying that you don't know what it does. So why take it in a foreign land and and and just blindly believe that if they say it's effective, it's gonna be effective to you.

所以我认为，如今随着越来越多人开始了解HPV疫苗并接种，知识的空白将逐渐被填补。这只是开始，我们提供免费的二价疫苗接种，相比九价疫苗只是基础版。但这也是迈向更好未来的起点。

So I think nowadays, as more and more people start to get the awareness of HPV vaccine and more and more people are getting it, the knowledge or the gap of knowledge will gradually be filled. This is it from the start, this is a really a beginning of things. We're offering free two string vaccination, which is kind of just the basic comparing with nine strings. But, again, this is just the start of moving on to something better.

此外，对于那些考虑等待四价疫苗纳入免费计划的人，请不要等。因为尽早保护自己比等待更高级别的疫苗更重要。时间点甚至比疫苗类型更重要。而且，男性也可以接种，为了群体免疫效果更好以保护你的另一半，这也是推荐的。

Besides, for those who are considering, oh, I can wait a little bit for the, for example, the four strength one to be rolled out and to be included in the free plan, do not. Because getting yourself protected early as possible is more important than getting a use, for example, four valent one comparing to the two valent one. So the earlier well, the timing is even more important. And, also, boys or men can have it. And for the heart immunity to work even better to protect your significant other, it is also recommended.

是的，这是全球性的举措。自2025年2月起，WHO的148个成员国已将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划。在132个报告首剂接种覆盖率的国家中，15个达到了90%的首剂覆盖率。中高收入国家的首剂覆盖率最高，接近72%。

Yeah. This is a worldwide thing. From February 2025, the WHO 148 o 48 of the WHO member states, they've incorporated the vaccine into their national immunization programs. A 132 different countries, reported vaccination coverage estimates for the first dose among 100 among those 132 countries, fifteen of them achieved ninety percent coverage for the first dose. Upper middle income countries presented the highest coverage, about almost seventy two percent for the first dose there.

这很好，因为教育在这里至关重要。我认为，如果国家将HPV疫苗升级纳入全民医保范围，我们不能忘记教育的重要性，对吧？在我看来，这需要从初中阶段开始。我记得在加拿大，关于这类疾病的教育就是从那时开始的。当然，初中生可能对此还不够成熟，会开玩笑或嬉笑，这让一些家长感到不适。但俗话说，知道得越多越好，对吧？

It's good because education is important here, and I think if the country is rolling out this upgrade to its national health coverage, we can't forget how important the education is, right? And this needs to start, in my opinion, around middle school. I think in Canada, if I remember correctly, that's when our education on these types of diseases started. And of course in middle school, students are going be a little bit immature about this, and they're going be cracking jokes and laughing, and it's going to make some parents uncomfortable, of But at the same time, that old expression, the more we know. Right?

对一个话题了解得越多，越能做出明智的决定。我不能坐在这里说‘去给你的身体注射点什么’，这是人们自己做出的决定，对吧？

The more you know on a topic, that allows you to make an informed decision. I can't sit here and say, go and inject something into your body. That that's something that people make. They make that decision on their own. Right?

但你必须对此有所了解，并要把它当作真实存在的事情来对待。是的。不要忽视它，也不要抱有那种‘哦，这不会发生在我身上’的态度。对吧？这就是我们能做到的最好方式。

But you have to be educated on this, and you have to treat it like it's a real thing Yes. And don't ignore it, and don't have that attitude of, oh, it's not gonna happen to me. Right? That's the best we can do.