泰勒·斯威夫特粉丝狂热

如果你在付房租，但不是通过Built支付的，

If you're paying rent and you're not doing it through Built, it

是时候做出重大改变了。

is time for a serious change.

Built是一个专为租客设计的忠诚度计划，奖励你最大的月度支出。

Built is the loyalty program for renters that rewards you for your biggest monthly expense.

房租。

Rent.

使用Built，每次支付房租都能获得宝贵积分，可用于兑换航班、酒店、下次Lyft乘车、amazon.com购物等众多福利。

With Built, every rent payment earns you valuable points that can be used toward flights, hotels, your next Lyft ride, amazon.com purchases, and so much more.

从二月开始，Built会员首次能够通过房贷支付获得积分。

Starting in February, BUILT members can actually earn points on mortgage payments for the very first time ever.

就我个人而言，我想不出有任何东西是我不会用Built积分兑换的。

Personally, I cannot think of one single thing I would not wanna redeem my BUILT points toward.

立即前往joinbuilt.com/cult加入租客忠诚度计划。

Join the loyalty program for renters at joinbuilt.com/cult.

这是 joinbuilt.com/cult。

That's joinbilt.com/cult.

请务必使用我们的链接，这样他们就知道是你通过我们来的。

Make sure to use our URL so they know we sent you.

这个精美绝伦的播客由 Squarespace 赞助。

This gorgeous, gorgeous podcast is brought to you by Squarespace.

无论你是刚刚起步，还是在管理一个不断壮大的品牌，Squarespace 都能让你轻松打造梦想中的网站，与受众建立联系，并销售任何东西——从产品、内容，到你宝贵的时间。

Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand, Squarespace makes it super easy to build the website of your dreams, to connect with your audience, and to sell absolutely anything from products to content to even your valuable time.

听起来 occult.com 是一个 Squarespace 网站。

Sounds like occult.com is a Squarespace website.

去看看吧。

Check it out.

我正在看它，它需要更新了。

I'm looking at it right now, and it needs to be updated.

我会去更新它，而且只需要两秒钟。

And I'm gonna do that, and it's gonna take me two seconds.

感谢Squarespace众多极为实用的功能，包括其设计智能。

Thanks to many of Squarespace's ultra useful features, including their design intelligence.

你还可以使用Squarespace支付功能。

You've also got Squarespace payments.

Squarespace让在线销售内容变得轻而易举。

Squarespace makes it easy to sell content online.

我不了解你的业务，但你可以在Squarespace上做到。

I don't know your business, but you can do it on Squarespace.

前往squarespace.com免费试用。

Head to squarespace.com for a free trial.

当你准备上线时，访问squarespace.com/cult，即可享受网站或域名首单10%的折扣。

And when you're ready to launch, go to squarespace.com/cult to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

本集所表达的观点，与《Sounds Like a Cult》所有集数一样，均为主持人个人观点和引用的指控。

The views expressed on this episode, as with all episodes of sounds like a cult, are solely host opinions and quoted allegations.

此处内容不应被视为不可争议的事实。

The content here should not be taken as indisputable fact.

本播客仅用于娱乐目的。

This podcast is for entertainment purposes only.

这是《听起来像一个邪教》，一档探讨我们如今追随的现代邪教的节目。

This is Sounds Like a Cult, a show about the modern day cults we all follow.

我是主持人阿曼达·蒙特尔，著有《邪教》和《魔法过度思考的时代》两本书，目前均有平装本上市。

I'm your host Amanda Montell, author of the books Cultish and The Age of Magical Overthinking out now in paperback.

每周节目中，我们会探讨一个不同的时代性群体或导师，从La Boo Boo到乔·罗根，试图回答这个重大问题。

Every week on the show, we explore a different zeitgeisty group or guru that puts the cults in culture from La Boo Boo to Joe Rogan to try and answer the big question.

这个群体听起来像一个邪教，但它真的是吗？

This group sounds like a cult, but is it really?

如果是，它属于我们的三个邪教类别中的哪一个？

And if so, which of our three cult categories does it fall into?

是‘活出自我’、‘谨防他人’，还是‘赶紧逃走’？

A live your life, a watch your back, or a get the fuck out?

毕竟，如今邪教式的影响几乎无处不在，但并非所有影响都具有同等破坏性。

After all, cultish influence can be found kind of everywhere these days, but it's not all equally destructive.

有时，这种狂热仅仅表现为统一的着装和狂热的追随，但有时它也可能表现为剥削、操纵，甚至虐待，而表面上看起来却只是个无害的健身工作室或粉丝群体。

Sometimes cultishness is just some matching outfits and zealotry, but sometimes it can show up as exploitation, manipulation, even abuse that on its surface just looks like a harmless fitness studio or a fandom.

今天，我们要重新探讨一个我们曾以多种方式在《Sounds Like A Cult》中讨论过的话题——泰勒·斯威夫特的崇拜现象。

Today, we're revisiting a topic that is Sounds Like Canon that we've addressed in multiple different ways on sounds like A a cult before, but that always could use an update, and that is the cult of Taylor Swift.

我们关于这位现代神祇及其数百万信徒的原始节目发布于2022年。

Our original episode on this modern day deity and her millions of acolytes aired in 2022.

我在2023年‘时代巡演’的狂热期间发布过一篇简短的更新。

I published a little update in 2023 during the era's tour mayhem.

今天，我将从一个略有不同的角度探讨泰勒·斯威夫特的崇拜现象，通过心理学和行为经济学的视角，分析Swifties群体中崇拜与贬黜的循环，以及这个社群所经历的一些类似教派的仪式与丑闻。

And today, I'm gonna share a slightly different take on the cult of Taylor Swift, exploring the cycles of worship and dethronement that we see among Swifties, some of the cult like rituals and scandals that have befallen this community through a psychological and behavioral economics lens.

我将通过分享我新书《魔法过度思考的时代》中的一段独家摘录来完成这一探讨，这本书的平装版现已上市。

And I'm gonna be doing that by sharing an exclusive excerpt from my book, The Age of Magical Overthinking, which is finally out now in paperback.

这本书探讨的是信息时代中的非理性现象。

It's a book about irrationality in the information age.

每一章都聚焦于一种不同的认知偏差——人类长期以来用于决策的心理捷径，并探讨这些心理‘魔法把戏’如何与数字时代发生冲突。

So every single chapter takes a different cognitive bias, a sort of deeply ingrained psychological shortcut that human beings have always used to make decisions, and explores how that mental magic trick is clashing with the digital age.

今天我要与你们分享的这一章名为《你是我妈妈吗，泰勒·斯威夫特？》

The chapter I'm gonna be sharing with you today is called Are You My Mother, Taylor Swift?

关于光环效应的说明，这是一种认知偏差，我认为它能解释21世纪我们所看到的强烈、近乎宗教般狂热的名人崇拜现象。

A Note on the Halo Effect, which is the cognitive bias that I think can explain so much of the intense, indeed cult like religious seeming fanatical celebrity worship that we see in the twenty first century.

特别聚焦于这种现象在斯威夫特迷群体中的表现。

Focusing specifically on how this manifests in the Swifty community.

这段音频书的独家摘录已获得我卓越的出版商One Signal的许可，One Signal是Atria和西蒙与舒斯特旗下的品牌。

This exclusive excerpt of the audiobook is airing with the permission of my glorious publisher, One Signal, an imprint of Atria and Simon and Schuster.

我非常爱他们。

I love them so much.

我目前正在与同一家出版商合作我的下一部作品，那是一部我正在创作的小说。

I'm still working with my same publisher on my next book, which is a novel that I'm currently writing.

如果你想了解我的小说创作过程以及我生活中的作家一面，我经常在Instagram上分享更新，账号是amandamontel。

If you wanna keep up with my novel writing process and my writerly side of my life in general, I share a lot of updates on my Instagram at amandamontel.

你可以在那里跟进我作家生涯的下一阶段。

So you can keep up with my next phase of my writerly journey there.

我们的2026年《听起来像一个邪教》季节将在几周后正式开播，但我今天想先播出这一集/章节，因为今天正是《魔法过度思考的时代》平装版的发布日。

Our twenty twenty six season of Sounds Like A Cult officially launches in a couple of weeks, but I wanted to air this episode slash chapter today because today is the launch day of the Age of Magical Overthinking's paperback edition.

我将举办一场仅此一夜的现场活动来庆祝。

And I'm doing a one night only live event to celebrate.

活动将于1月12日在洛杉矶举行。

It's in LA on January 12.

免费参加。

It's free.

地点在洛杉矶洛杉矶菲尔兹区的Skylight书店。

It's at Skylight Books in Los Feliz.

这将是一个超级、超级有趣、亲密、充满邪教氛围、梦幻般的奇妙夜晚。

It's gonna be a super, super fun, intimate, cult y, dreamy, dalulu little night.

所以我希望你能来。

And so I hope you come.

如果你在南加州，无需提前报名。

There's no RSVP needed if you're in Southern California.

再次提醒，活动将于1月12日在Skylight书店举行，更多详情请访问我的网站amandamontel.com/events。

Again, that's on January 12 at Skylight Books, and you'll be able to find more information about it on my website at amandamontel.com/events.

但无论如何，不废话了，希望你们喜欢这次对泰勒·斯威夫特狂热现象更具文学性的特别解读。

But anyway, without further ado, I hope you enjoy this special, slightly more literary treatment of the cult of Taylor Swift.

狂热粉丝们，2026年快乐。

Culties, happy 2026.

现在我要跟你们说点认真的。

Now I gotta get real with you.

如果你在交房租，而且不是通过Built平台支付的，那就该

If you're paying rent and you're not doing it through Built, it is time

做出重大改变了。

for a serious change.

Built是一个面向租客的忠诚度计划，奖励你最大的月度开销——

Built is the loyalty program for renters that rewards you for your biggest monthly expense.

房租。

Rent.

我不喜欢交房租。

I don't like paying rent.

你也不喜欢交房租。

You don't like paying rent.

但有了BUILT，这种痛苦会减轻一些。

But with BUILT, a little bit of that pain is softened.

为什么？

Why?

因为使用BUILT，每次支付房租都能获得有价值的积分，可用于兑换航班、酒店、下次Lyft乘车、亚马逊购物等更多福利。

Because with BUILT, every rent payment earns you valuable points that can be used toward flights, hotels, your next Lyft ride, amazon.com purchases, and so much more.

还有件让你感兴趣的事。

And here's something to tickle your fancy.

从二月开始，BUILT会员首次可以为房贷支付获得积分。

Starting in February, Build members can actually earn points on mortgage payments for the very first time ever.

不久之后，无论你住在哪里，都能获得奖励，并与超过45,000家餐厅、健身工作室、药房及其他社区合作伙伴解锁专属福利。

Soon, you'll be able to get rewarded absolutely wherever you live and unlock exclusive benefits with more than 45,000 restaurants, fitness studios, pharmacies, and other neighborhood partners.

我个人觉得，我没有什么不想用账单积分兑换的东西，因为我就是喜欢花钱。

Personally, I cannot think of one single thing I would not wanna redeem my bill points toward because I simply love spending money.

我真的喜欢。

I do.

我只是喜欢把钱花在有趣的事情上，而不是房租上，这就是我为什么对与Bilt合作感到兴奋。

I I just I do on fun things, not on rent, which is why I'm excited to partner with Bilt.

事情就是这么简单。

It is really that simple.

用Bilt交房租更好，很快，用Bilt买房也会更好。

Paying rent is better with Bilt, and soon owning a home will be better with Bilt too.

立即前往joinbilt.com/colt加入租房者忠诚计划。

Join the loyalty program for renters at joinbilt.com/colt.

就是joinbilt.com/colt。

That's joinbilt.com/colt.

请务必使用我们的链接，这样他们才知道是我们推荐的。

Make sure to use our URL so they know we sent you.

这个精彩绝伦的播客由Squarespace倾情呈现。

This gorgeous, gorgeous podcast is brought to you by Squarespace.

Squarespace是一个一体化的网站平台，专为创业者、艺术家和播客打造，助您在线脱颖而出、取得成功。

Squarespace is the all in one website platform for entrepreneurs, artists, podcasters to stand out and succeed online.

无论您是刚刚起步，还是在管理一个不断壮大的品牌，Squarespace都能让您轻松打造梦想中的网站，与受众建立联系，并销售任何东西——从产品、内容到您宝贵的时间。

Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand, Squarespace makes it super easy to build the website of your dreams, to connect with your audience, and to sell absolutely anything from products to content to even your valuable time.

Sounds like a cult.com 是一个Squarespace网站。

Sounds like a cult.com is a Squarespace website.

去看看吧。

Check it out.

上面有各种令人兴奋的信息。

It's got all kinds of exciting information on there.

我正在看呢，实际上它需要更新了。

I'm actually I'm looking at it right now, and it needs to be updated.

我会去更新它，而且只需要两秒钟。

And I'm gonna do that, and it's gonna take me two seconds.

感谢Squarespace众多极为实用的功能，包括其设计智能功能，该功能融合了二十年的行业领先设计经验与前沿AI技术，帮助您打造梦想中的网站。

Thanks to many of Squarespace's ultra useful features, including their design intelligence, which combines two decades of industry leading design expertise with cutting edge AI technology to help you build a website of your dreams.

如果您有销售的打算，Squarespace支付功能也为您准备好了，您的用户和客户可以自由选择使用Klarna、ACH或其他方式订阅或进行一次性购买。

You've also got Squarespace payments if you're in a selling sort of mood where your users, your customers can pay however they like using Klarna or ACH or whatever to sign up for a subscription or a one time only purchase.

Squarespace让在线销售内容变得轻而易举。

Squarespace makes it easy to sell content online.

如果您不卖陶器之类的东西，而是更倾向于销售，比如说，照片或数字营销课程，哈哈。

If you don't sell stuff like pottery or whatever, you're more into selling, I don't know, photographs or digital marketing courses, l o l.

我不了解您的业务，但您在Squarespace上都能做到。

I don't know your business, but you can do it on Squarespace.

前往squarespace.com免费试用。

Head to squarespace.com for a free trial.

当您准备上线时，访问squarespace.com/cult，可享受网站或域名首单10%的折扣。

And when you're ready to launch, go to squarespace.com/cult to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

第一章。

Chapter one.

你是我的妈妈吗，泰勒·斯威夫特？

Are you my mother, Taylor Swift?

关于光环效应的说明。

A note on the halo effect.

谈论名人就是在不谈论我们自己的情况下，谈论真正重要的事情。

Talking about celebrities is talking about things that matter without actually talking about ourselves.

安·海伦·彼得森。

Anne Helen Peterson.

崇拜的程度已经变得贪婪，精神上极度饥渴。

The level of worship had gotten ravenous, spiritually ravenous.

当然，人们一直都有过度崇拜的倾向。

Of course, people had always been overly worshipful.

宗教一直以来都太过头了，比如荣誉谋杀之类的事情。

Religion had forever been way too much, honor killings and all that.

但如今，我们的神不再是被描绘为全知全能、毫无瑕疵的虚构形象。

But now our gods weren't imaginary figments painted as all knowing and faultless.

他们是凡人明星，而我们很清楚他们并非如此。

They were mortal human celebrities who we knew for sure were not.

新的极端粉丝被称为‘死忠粉’，这个词源自说唱歌手埃米纳姆的歌曲《Stan》，这首歌讲述了一个疯狂的故事：一个粉丝因偶像不回他的信而彻底崩溃。

The new extremists were called stans, a term originated by the rapper Eminem, whose 2,000 song Stan spins a demented parable about a guy who blows a gasket after his icon won't answer his fan letters.

值得注意的是，这个词完美地融合了‘跟踪狂’和‘粉丝’的含义。

Conspicuously, the word is also a perfect hybrid of stalker and fan.

这些死忠粉都有修道院式的名称，比如‘芭比粉’、‘小怪物’、‘信徒’和‘斯威夫特粉’。

The stans all had monastic names, like Barb's and Little Monsters and Beliebers and Swifties.

据说他们扼杀了对话。

They were said to be the death of dialogue.

评论家们不敢发表对流行歌手专辑的负面评价，害怕遭到暴民攻击、被封杀、被人肉搜索并泄露家庭住址，甚至收到死亡威胁。

Critics stopped publishing negative reviews of pop stars' albums for fear of the mob, of getting canceled and doxed, of having their home addresses sleuthed and leaked and death threats sent.

没人离开过沙发，但每个人都感到恐惧。

No one was leaving their couch, but everyone was afraid.

没人公开发声，但整个世界仿佛一声巨响，像一支八十亿人的交响乐团无休止地调音。

No one was speaking out loud, but the world felt like one big shriek, an 8,000,000,000 piece orchestra tuning and tuning ad infinitum.

这些粉丝个体是无力的。

The stands were powerless as individuals.

但作为一群，他们会像《蝇王》那样扑向你的脖子。

But as a flock, they'd come for your neck, Lord of the Flies style.

记者们担心自己的脖子。

Journalists feared for their necks.

不是战地记者，而是音乐记者。

Not war journalists, music journalists.

这些粉丝会封杀任何人。

The stands would cancel anyone.

他们甚至会吞噬自己的同类。

They'd even eat their own.

如果有必要，他们会吞噬自己的神。

They'd eat their very own god if it came to it.

他们尤其会吞噬自己的神。

They'd eat their own god especially.

事情已经变得如此饥渴。

That's how ravenous things had gotten.

2023年，一位名叫艾米·朗的泰勒·斯威夫特粉丝给我发了一份3000字的文档，详细梳理了过去五年所有流行明星的重大粉丝丑闻。

In 2023, a Taylor Swift devotee named Amy Long emailed me a 3,000 word document breaking down all the pop stars' major stan scandals from the past five years.

情感灾难频发，斯威夫特迷们因她未能达到她从未拥有过的品质、未做出过的承诺而转而反对他们曾经崇敬的女王。

Emotional cataclysms were Swifties turned against their exalted queen for failing to live up to qualities she never had and commitments she didn't make.

这些丑闻涉及从票务丑闻到关于她性取向的谣言，全都采用了类似水门事件的戏剧性标题。

The scandals, involving everything from ticket sales fiascos to rumors about her sexuality, bore dramatic titles in the style of Watergate.

票务门、薰衣草门、喷气机门、电影门、Tumblr门。

Ticketgate, Lavendergate, Jetgate, Moviegate, Tumblrgate.

这可能是最有趣的一桩，”朗写道，她是Instagram账号@taylor_swift_as_books的创建者，此名指的是后一项污名。

This might be the most interesting, Penned Long, creator of the Instagram account at Taylor Swift underscore as underscore books, in reference to the latter opprobrium.

在多年随意地与Tumblr上的粉丝互动后，斯威夫特于2020年永久退出了该平台，因为她感到被一群政治愤怒的狂热粉丝压垮了。

After years of casually interacting with fans on Tumblr, Swift permanently logged off the platform in 2020, feeling bulldozed by a throng of politically enraged obsesses.

正如朗所解释的，粉丝们之所以愤怒，是因为斯威夫特曾发过几条推文谴责唐纳德·特朗普和警察暴力，但她再未进一步表达政治立场。

As Long explained it, stans got pissed after Swift posted a few tweets condemning Donald Trump and police brutality, but she never took her political vocalizations any further.

从粉丝的角度来看，他们的偶像曾向他们展示了一个进步 activism 的新时代，却又像母亲背弃对女儿的承诺一样，将它收回。

From the stan's perspective, their idol had dangled a new era of progressive activism in front of them, only to snatch it back like a mother betraying a promise to her daughters.

几年后，当斯威夫特开始与一支流行摇滚乐队中一位品行不端的边缘人物约会时，类似的叛国指控再次响起。

Similar shouts of treason were echoed a few years later when Swift started dating a sleazy edgelord from a pop rock band.

粉丝们写了一封公开信，恳求这位明星与她有问题的新继父分手，并发誓只要她不分手，他们就不会放过他。

Stans wrote an open letter begging the star to dump their problematic new stepdaddy, swearing they wouldn't step off his neck until she did.

朗继续说道。

Long went on.

许多粉丝指责泰勒·斯威夫特将盟友身份当作一种审美装饰，并因她没有做他们希望她做的事而对她感到愤怒。

A lot of fans have accused Taylor Swift of using allyship as an aesthetic, and they get mad at her for not doing what they want.

但她骨子里是个资本主义者。

But she's a capitalist to her core.

她的大部分安保团队成员都是前特种部队、前联邦调查局人员或其他前执法人员。

Most of her security team is ex special forces, ex FBI, or other former law enforcement officers.

我不明白，为什么粉丝们期望她去支持‘废除警察’、推翻那个成就了我梦想的体系。

I'm not sure why fans expect her to be all defund the police, tear down the system that made my dream come true.

这很奇怪。

It's weird.

成千上万的陌生人仅凭极少的证据就对一位著名歌手的性格做出判断，并将其奉为道德楷模；而当这些假设被证明是错误时，他们又以同样的热情试图将她从神坛上拉下来，这种行为确实令人费解，但也是可以解释的。

That thousands of strangers would morally lionize a famous singer based on conclusions about her character for which there was barely any evidence, that attempt to shake her off the pedestal with commensurate zeal after those assumptions wound up false always seemed weird indeed, but the behavior is also explicable.

我逐渐认为，这种日益普遍的名人崇拜与贬低循环，以及我们对现实生活中熟悉人物所表现出的较少寄生性爱恨交织情绪，都源于一种被称为光环效应的认知偏差。

I've come to attribute these increasingly common cycles of celebrity worship and dethronement, in addition to less parasocial love hate dynamics with figures we know in real life, to a cognitive bias known as the halo effect.

光环效应早在二十世纪初就被发现，它描述了一种无意识的倾向：仅凭对某人某一项特质的印象，就对其整体性格做出积极的推断。

Identified in the early twentieth century, the halo effect describes the unconscious tendency to make positive assumptions about a person's overall character based on our impressions of one single trait.

我们遇到一个幽默风趣的人，就认为他一定博学多闻、观察敏锐。

We meet someone with a witty sense of humor and figure they must also be well read and observant.

一个长相好看的人，会被默认为外向且自信。

Someone good looking is presumed to be outgoing and confident.

我们认为一个有艺术气质的人，一定也敏感且包容。

We think an artistic person is surely also sensitive and accepting.

这个术语本身暗喻了光环——仅仅凭借良好的光线就能影响人们的感知。

The term itself invokes the analogy of a halo, the power of good lighting alone to influence perceptions.

想象一幅十二世纪的宗教画作，画中人物常戴着光环，天使和圣徒沐浴在神圣的光辉中，象征着他们整体的善良。

Picture a twelfth century religious painting, commonly depicted wearing a crown of light, angels and saints are bathed in heavenly luster, a symbol of their overall goodness.

通过光环效应的视角评判他人，我们的大脑会给他们笼罩上单向的温暖光芒，即使他们客观上并未给我们太多信任的理由，我们仍会全盘相信。

Judging someone through the lens of the halo effect, our minds cast them in a one dimensionally warm glow, telling us to trust them wholesale when they've objectively given us little reason to.

光环效应背后，是一段关于生存的故事。

Behind the halo effect is a story of survival.

历史上，与身体强壮或外貌吸引人的人结盟，是一种明智的适应策略，通常可以合理地认为，一个优点意味着更多优点。

Historically, aligning ourselves with a physically strong or attractive person proved a wise adaptive strategy, and it was generally fair to assume that one good quality indicated more.

两万年前，如果你遇到一个高大健壮的人，你有理由推断他比普通人摄入了更多肉类，因此很可能是个出色的猎人，一个你希望站在自己这边的人。

Twenty thousand years ago, if you encountered someone tall and muscular, you'd be reasonable to deduce they'd eaten more meat than average and were therefore likely a good hunter, someone you'd want in your corner.

同样合理的是，假设一个面部对称、牙齿完好无损的人，曾成功避开了战斗和野兽攻击造成的毁容，这同样是一个不错的榜样。

It was equally sensible to assume that a person with a symmetrical face and intact teeth had avoided disfigurement from lost battles and animal attacks, another decent role model.

如今，选择生活中仰慕的对象有助于身份的形成。

Today, singling out someone to look up to in life aids in identity formation.

而在选择合适的榜样时，我们已经学会依赖直觉。

And when it comes to picking the right exemplar, we've learned to go with our gut.

毕竟，如果需要整整一周的时间来评估一位潜在的导师，或者为职业建议、创意灵感、时尚指导分别召集一组完全合格的专家，那该有多低效呢？

After all, how inefficient would it be to need all week to appraise a potential mentor or to assemble a whole panel of perfectly qualified specialists, one for career insights, one for creative inspiration, another for fashion advice?

基于仓促但总体合理的概括，选择一个全能的榜样，这仅仅是更高效地利用我们有限的心理资源的方式。

To choose a sole role model for everything based on hasty but overall sound generalizations is simply a superior use of one's tight psychological budget.

这就是光环效应。

Voila, the halo effect.

父母形象是这种偏见的原始对象。

Parental figures were the biases' original subjects.

因为我们的长辈照顾我们、懂得我们不知道的事情，所以我们认为他们无所不知。

Because our elders care for us and know things we don't, we figure they must know everything.

对于我母亲，我对此深信不疑，甚至到了极端的地步。

Of my own mother, I believe this to an extreme.

当谈到医生时。

When it came to Doctor.

德妮丝·蒙特尔，光环效应无可避免。

Denise Montel, the halo effect was inescapable.

要达到这样的标准，压力太大了。

There was so much to live up to.

我母亲本身就是一位小有名气的名人，她是一位癌症细胞生物学家，拥有斯坦福大学的博士学位，并因在分子遗传学研究中的贡献而获得众多奖项。

A niche celebrity in her own right, my mother is a cancer cell biologist with a PhD from Stanford and a mantle full of awards for her research in molecular genetics.

去年，她因发现了一种细胞运动机制而入选美国国家科学院，这一发现或许有朝一日能帮助治愈癌症。

Last year, she was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences for discovering a mechanism of cell movement that could one day help cure cancer.

我母亲实际上治愈了自己的癌症。

My mother actually cured her own cancer.

在我上六年级的前一周，40岁的丹妮丝被诊断出患有一种致命的淋巴瘤。

The week before I started sixth grade, when Denise was 40, she was diagnosed with a deadly lymphoma.

直到她康复五年后，我才知道医生曾告诉她，她很可能即将离世。

I wouldn't learn until she'd been in remission for half a decade, that the doctors had told her she was probably going to die.

但她没有死，部分原因在于她与肿瘤科医生合作，帮助设计了自己的实验性治疗方案。

But she didn't die, in part because she collaborated with her oncologists to help design her own experimental treatment plan.

她在约翰霍普金斯大学的研究实验室正对着她接受化疗的医院，她甚至能在午餐时间挤出时间去接受治疗。

Her research lab at Johns Hopkins was right across street from the hospital where she'd squeeze in rounds of chemo on her lunch breaks.

如今，这种治疗方案已成为全球淋巴瘤患者的标准疗法。

Now that course of treatment is standard practice for lymphoma patients all over the world.

小时候，我的大多数朋友都是单亲妈妈带大的，父亲缺席。

As a child, most of my friends had single mothers and absentee dads.

回过头来看，这真是一个奇特的巧合。

It's a peculiar coincidence looking back.

我朋友们那种《吉尔莫女孩》式的母女关系——更像是亲密的闺蜜，而非我所熟悉的那种正式的亲子关系——无疑是我最初被她们吸引的原因之一。

My friends' Gilmore Girls style relationships with their moms, more intimate gal pals than the formal parent offspring setup I knew, was no doubt part of what drew me to them in the first place.

我朋友们的母亲都非常真实。

My friends' mothers were so human.

她们毫不掩饰自己的缺点。

They wore their imperfections on their sleeves.

她们满嘴粗话，在厨房里跑调唱歌，生气时就冷战。

They had sailor mouths, sang off key in the kitchen, and gave the silent treatment when they got angry.

她们会坦率地谈论月经污渍、排便、身材焦虑和心碎。

They spoke freely about period stains and bowel movements, body image, and heartbreak.

作为青少年，我被她们的脆弱所吸引。

As a teenager, I found their vulnerability enamoring.

瑕疵并不是丹妮丝的风格。

Flaws weren't really Denise's style.

不。

No.

不是丹妮丝，她总是把情绪深藏不露。

Not Denise, whose emotional cards were held close to the vest.

不是丹妮丝，我从未见过她犯过任何不合逻辑的错误，她每天早上锻炼四十五分钟，出门前总要把她那栗色的头发吹得完美无瑕，似乎通晓宇宙间的一切，从单个细胞如何发育成胎儿，到镇上哪家面包店卖的法式长棍面包最美味。

Not Denise, whom I never saw make a single illogical mistake, who exercised for forty five minutes every morning, never left the house without blowing out her chestnut hair to perfection, and who seemed to know everything in the universe, from how a single cell grows into a fetus, to which bakery in town sold the tastiest French baguettes.

我母亲几乎把所有时间都花在 downtown 实验室的研究上，深夜、每个周末都在工作，她的冷漠与缺席让我几乎觉得她像神话般遥远。

My mother spent almost all of her time poring over her research at the lab downtown, late nights, every weekend, and her sang foie combined with her absence rendered her almost mythical to me.

我不记得有过什么时候不了解她的名声，那名声像阳光下的铂金婚戒一样耀眼。

I don't recall a time when I was not aware of her reputation, which dazzled like a platinum wedding band in the sun.

理论上，我希望丹妮丝能更接地气一些。

In theory, I wanted Denise to be rougher around the edges.

我乐于捕捉这些瞬间，比如在我高中二年级的一次家庭度假中，她多喝了半杯玛格丽特，变得咯咯直笑，我们一路嬉笑着回到酒店房间。

I delighted in catching glimpses of it, like when she enjoyed half a margarita too many on a family vacation my junior year of high school and got all giggly as we jaunted back to the hotel room.

或者当她给我讲述她年轻时的叛逆故事时，比如18岁那年夏天住在巴黎时差点被绑架，或者大学春假期间，她的冲浪男友说服她在感恩死乐队的演唱会上服用了迷幻药。

Or when she'd tell me edgy anecdotes from her young adulthood, like the one where she almost got kidnapped the summer she lived in Paris at 18, or the college spring break when her surfer boyfriend convinced her to drop acid at a Grateful Dead concert.

我喜欢想象 Denise 作为我母亲之外的那个人是什么样子。

I loved imagining the person Denise was aside from my mother.

但现实中，每当她表现出我认为不符合身份的情绪时，哪怕只是因为上班迟到而在交通中失去耐心，都会让我感到震惊。

But then in practice, whenever she exhibited what I deemed an out of character emotion, even just losing her cool in traffic while running late to work, it appalled me.

她的容错空间太小了。

Her margin for error was so slim.

她是裁缝。

She was the tailor.

我是那个疯疯癫癫的 Swiftie。

I was the unhinged Swiftie.

如果 Denise 有 Tumblr，我肯定希望她点赞我的帖子，但一旦她没能达到我心中为她塑造的神明形象，我就会立刻欺负她离开那个平台。

If Denise had a Tumblr, I definitely would have wanted her to like my posts and then bullied her off the platform the moment she wasn't the deity I built her up in my head to be.

但年轻人不再仅仅仰慕自己的母亲了。

But young people don't just look up to their moms anymore.

2019年，一项日本研究发现，约有百分之三十的青少年渴望模仿媒体人物，比如他们最喜欢的歌手或运动员。

In 2019, a Japanese study found that about thirty percent of adolescents aspire to emulate a media figure, like their favorite singer or athlete.

2021年发表在《北美心理学杂志》上的一项研究指出，自二十年前以来，对名人的崇拜已大幅增加。

A 2021 study published in the North American Journal of Psychology measured that celebrity worship had increased dramatically since two decades prior.

光环效应本身就让人们更容易将现实中认识的人神化。

The halo effect already makes it easy to deify someone you know in real life.

青春期时，我最不健康的社交习惯之一，就是参与一种失衡的友谊——在那里，我感觉自己更像一个粉丝，而非平等的伙伴，错误地认为，因为学校里那个受欢迎的女孩笑容灿烂、魅力自然，她就会成为我忠诚的知己。

As an adolescent, one of my unhealthiest social habits was engaging in lopsided friendships where I felt more like a fan than an equal, drawing false conclusions that because the popular girl in school had a bright smile and effortless charisma, she'd make a loyal confidant.

从远处进行这种迷恋更容易。

It's even easier to engage in such infatuation from afar.

由于我们通常认为名人具有吸引力、富有且成功，便武断地推断他们一定也友善、有自知之明且见多识广。

Since we tend to view celebrities as attractive, wealthy, and successful, we snap judge that they must also be sociable, self aware, and worldly.

一些仰慕者会与偶像产生深厚的情感联结，并认为偶像也珍视他们，甚至像母亲一样关爱他们。

Some admirers feel a deep closeness with their idols and figure their idols must cherish them too, even maternally so.

并非每个粉丝都是狂热粉丝，但对名人的崇拜正变得越来越极端，并带来可衡量的负面影响。

Not every fan is a stan, but celebrity worship is growing more extreme and with measurable, deleterious consequences.

“粉丝”一词源自拉丁语“fanaticus”，意为疯狂但神圣启发的。

The word fan stems from the Latin fanaticus, meaning insanely but divinely inspired.

直到20世纪六七十年代，公众才开始将名人视为不仅仅是娱乐者，更别提是榜样或神明了。

It wasn't until the nineteen sixties and seventies that the public started perceiving celebrities as anything more than entertainers, much less role models or gods.

这种认知的转变与名人 activism 的兴起有关，而这一趋势恰好与美国人对政治家、传统宗教领袖和医疗权威的信任丧失相吻合。

This shift in perception was connected to the rise in celebrity activism, which corresponded with Americans' loss of trust in politicians, traditional religious leaders, and health care authorities.

在《纽约时报》一篇题为《我们何时开始认真对待名人？》的评论中，杰西卡·格罗斯报道，1958年，四分之三的美国人相信联邦政府几乎总是或大部分时候会做正确的事。

In a New York Times op ed titled, when did we start taking famous people seriously, Jessica Gross reported that in 1958, three quarters of Americans trusted the federal government to do the right thing almost always or most of the time.

这是根据皮尤研究中心的数据。

That's according to Pew Research.

但随后越南战争爆发，1970年代的经济衰退以及水门事件——这三重悲剧让美国人意识到，他们需要寻找一种全新的楷模。

But then the Vietnam War happened and the economic recession of nineteen sixty and actual Watergate, a tragic trifecta that suggested Americans needed to find a fresh kind of paragon.

到了20世纪60年代，婴儿潮一代已成长为青少年。

By the nineteen sixties, baby boomers had become teenagers.

美国的青少年数量比以往任何时候都多。

There were more teens in The US than ever.

随着青春期伴随的孤独与不安，与战后繁荣及社会变革的渴望交织在一起，年轻人找到了一种新的信仰——披头士乐队，其成员不仅是粉丝们艺术上的偶像，更是遥远的恋人和精神导师。

And as the isolation and insecurity that accompany adolescents coalesced with postwar prosperity in the itch of social change, young people found a new religion, the Beatles, whose members served not only as fans' artistic icons, but distant lovers and spiritual guides.

到1980年，仅有约25%的美国公民仍相信政府能做正确的事。

In 1980, only about 25% of US citizens trusted the government to do the right thing anymore.

根据格罗斯的说法，正是从那时起，媒体人物、政治家与精神权威之间的界限彻底消失了。

According to Gross, that's when the boundaries separating media figures, politicians, and spiritual authorities dissolved for good.

1981年，罗纳德·里根成为美国首位名人总统，把自己包装成一名反叛的局外人。

In 1981, Ronald Reagan became America's first celebrity president, pitching himself as an insurgent outsider.

好莱坞的整体光环如同燃烧的荆棘般闪耀，因为时代精神传递出的新信息暗示：舞台与银幕上的偶像不仅是为了娱乐我们，更是为了拯救我们。

Hollywood's collective halo lit up like the burning bush as the zeitgeist's new message implied that icons of the stage and screen weren't just here to entertain us, they were here to save us.

流行歌手成了我们的新神职人员。

Pop stars became our new priests.

最终，社交媒体像肥沃的粪肥一样滋养了这种宗教般的狂热。

Eventually, social media fertilized that religiosity like potent manure.

在我洛杉矶的水晶店，你可以找到印有神圣音乐人形象的祈愿蜡烛，比如圣多莉、圣史蒂维，还有哈利·斯泰尔斯的脸被叠加在基督身体上的图案。

At my local crystal shop in LA, you can find prayer candles printed with images of hallowed musicians, Saint Dolly, Saint Stevie, Harry Styles' face superimposed on the body of Christ.

格罗斯引用了费城儿童医院的儿科教授、《坏建议：为什么名人、政客和活动家不是你获取健康信息的最佳来源》一书的作者保罗·奥菲特博士，他分析指出，美国人之所以信任名人，是因为我们觉得自己了解他们。

Gross quoted doctor Paul Offit, a Children's Hospital of Philadelphia pediatrics professor and author of Bad Advice, or Why Celebrities, Politicians, and Activists Aren't Your Best Source of Health Information, who analyzed that Americans put their faith in famous people because we think we know them.

我们在电影或电视上看到他们，便以为他们就是自己扮演的角色。

We see them in movies or on TV, and we assume they are the roles they play.

但名人也在扮演自己，而在线上，这种表演24小时不间断地播出。

But celebrities also play themselves, and online, that show broadcasts twenty four seven.

比起里根时代的好莱坞偶像崇拜，当我们看到名人公开他们真实个性的数字片段时，这种感觉更加令人困惑，因为我们觉得自己完全了解了他们。

Even more disorienting than the Reagan era's Hollywood idolatry, when we see famous people air digital slices of their real personas, we feel like we know them wholly.

Instagram的文案看起来就像爱人写来的信件。

Instagram captions appear like letters from a loved one.

直接面对镜头的帖子仿佛是朋友的视频通话。

Direct to cam posts seem like FaceTimes from a friend.

在过度分享成风的时代，Tumblr、TikTok、Instagram和Patreon等平台为粉丝提供了远超以往的渠道，让他们能接触到偶像的大量个人信息，从而弥合了准社交鸿沟，使他们感觉与偶像更加紧密相连。

In the age of magical oversharing, platforms like Tumblr, TikTok, Instagram, and Patreon offer fans exponentially more access to personal information about their heroes, bridging the parasocial gap to make them feel ever more connected.

毕竟，与电视不同，泰勒·斯威夫特本人真的有可能亲自回复你的Instagram评论。

After all, unlike TV, there is a real possibility that Taylor Swift could respond to your Instagram comment herself.

全能的圣人回应信徒的祈祷或要求。

The almighty saint answering her believer's prayer or demand.

NPR音乐记者悉尼·马登分析称：‘如果足够积极，聚集在社交媒体上的粉丝确实能够改变他们偶像的发展轨迹，甚至改变任何挡路者的人生。’

Quote, if motivated enough, stans that congregate on social media actually can change the trajectory of their artist's path and the life of anyone who stands in the way, analyzed NPR music reporter Sydney Madden.

她继续说道，这种权力动态的转变创造了一个反馈循环，使表演性的网络人设比真实的艺术愿景更受奖励。

She continued, the shift in power dynamics creates a feedback loop that can reward performative online personas more than genuine artistic vision.

现代粉丝文化处于一个光谱之上，从健康的钦佩到病态的狂热不等。

Modern fandom falls on a spectrum, ranging from healthy admiration to pathological mania.

其建设性的一端能带来某种超越性的体验。

The constructive end offers something transcendent.

Bustle编辑丹妮尔·科林·托姆在一篇关于粉丝文化‘对边缘化青年生活具有赋能作用，有时却又极其有问题’的角色的文章中写道：‘Tumblr让我看到了来自各种人的大量细致观点，而这个空间对我来说并不令人畏惧。’

Tumblr opened my eyes to scores of nuanced opinions from an array of people in a space that wasn't intimidating to me, penned Bustle editor Danielle Colin Tome, in an essay on stan culture's, quote, empowering and at times wildly problematic role in the lives of marginalized youth.

她继续说，我们的粉丝身份成为讨论更广泛议题的载体，比如女性主义、种族和LGBTQ代表。

She continued, our fandoms were vehicles to talk about larger issues, feminism, race, and LGBTQ representation.

但教条主义的一面可不是闹着玩的。

But the dogmatic end is no joke.

2014年的一项临床研究得出结论，高水平的粉丝狂热与心理问题相关，包括对身材形象的担忧、更易接受整容手术、追求刺激、认知僵化、身份弥散以及人际界限模糊。

A 2014 clinical examination of celebrity worship concluded that high levels of standem are associated with psychological difficulties, including concerns about body image, greater proneness to cosmetic surgery, sensation seeking, cognitive rigidity, identity diffusion, and poor interpersonal boundaries.

其他观察到的问题还包括抑郁、焦虑、解离、自恋型人格倾向、对名望的渴望、强迫性购物和赌博、跟踪行为，以及过度幻想导致的社会功能障碍。

Among other observed struggles were depression, anxiety, dissociation, narcissistic personality tendencies, thirst for fame, compulsive shopping and gambling, stalking behavior, excessive fantasizing to the point of social dysfunction.

这被称为适应不良的白日梦、成瘾和犯罪行为。

This was termed maladaptive daydreaming, addiction, and criminality.

2005年的一项研究发现，对名人的狂热与成瘾和犯罪活动的关联，比钙摄入量与骨密度、铅暴露与儿童智商的关联更为紧密。

A 2005 study found that addiction and criminal activity were more strongly connected with celebrity worship than calcium intake with bone mass or lead exposure with children's IQs.

这项发表于《心理学、犯罪与法律》期刊的2005年研究，将名人崇拜划分为四个等级。

This 2005 study, published in the Psychology Crime and Law Journal, identified four categories along the celebrity worship continuum.

首先是娱乐社交层面，表现为类似这样的态度：‘我和朋友们喜欢讨论我最喜欢的名人做了什么。’

First, there was the entertainment social level, defined by attitudes like, my friends and I like to discuss what my favorite celebrity has done.

其次是强烈个人情感类别，以这类陈述为特征：‘即使我不想，我也会频繁地想到我最喜欢的名人。’

Then there was the intense personal feelings category, classified by statements like, I have frequent thoughts about my favorite celebrity even when I don't want to.

第三是边缘病态水平，以妄想思维为特征。

Third was the borderline pathological level, characterized by delusional thoughts.

我和我最喜欢的明星之间有我们自己的暗号，可以秘密交流。

My favorite celebrity and I have our own codes so we can communicate with each other secretly.

不切实际的期望。

Implausible expectations.

如果我不请自来地走进我最喜欢的明星家，她或他会很高兴见到我。

If I walk through the door of my favorite celebrity's home without an invitation, she or he would be happy to see me.

以及自我牺牲。

And self sacrifice.

我愿意为了救我最喜欢的明星而甘愿赴死。

I would gladly die in order to save the life of my favorite celebrity.

第四个类别被称为有害模仿，描述了粉丝愿意为偶像从事放纵行为。

A fourth category, labeled deleterious imitation, described stans willing to engage in licentious behaviors on behalf of their fave.

如果我有幸遇见我最喜欢的明星，而她请求我做一件违法的事作为帮忙，我可能会答应。

If I were lucky enough to meet my favorite celebrity and she asked me to do something illegal as a favor, I would probably do it.

她能在道德上把我推得相当远，”流行文化记者、散文集《女孩可以亲吻了》的作者、十年如一日的泰勒·斯威夫特死忠粉吉尔·古多维茨说。

She could push me pretty far morally, said Jill Gudowitz, a pop culture reporter, author of the essay collection Girls Can Kiss Now and unwavering Taylor Swift stan of ten years.

古多维茨本人曾遭受过其他斯威夫特粉丝的伤害。

Gudowitz has personally suffered at the hands of her fellow Swifties.

她曾因在Vulture上发表一篇幽默评论，调侃斯威夫特当时的男友、演员乔·阿尔wyn过于平淡，不足以成为她的灵感源泉，而遭到推特上一群人的激烈围攻。

She once found herself at the bottom of a vitriolic Twitter dogpile after penning a humorous review of Swift's lover album for Vulture, in which she playfully poked fun at the singer's then boyfriend, actor Joe Alwyn, for being too bland to serve as her muse.

阿尔wyn就是一杯纯燕麦奶，”这是古多维茨的原话。

Alwyn is a cup of plain oat milk, were Gudowitz's exact words.

人们因为那条评论真的非常生气，”她回忆道。

People got really mad at me for that, she reflected.

那只是众多集体围攻时刻中的一个。

It was just one of those pile on stand moments.

我有一次因为一条推文，居然有联邦调查局的人来敲我家门，但即便如此，我仍然更害怕斯威夫特粉丝们来找我麻烦。

I had an experience one time where the FBI knocked on my door because of something I tweeted, and still, I felt more scared when the Swifties came for me.

但即便如此，这股狂热浪潮也没能动摇古多维茨对这位歌手的忠诚。

But the mob was not enough to compromise Gudowitz's loyalty to the singer.

远远不够。

Not even close.

几周的推特恶意不过是家常便饭，是享有崇拜泰勒·斯威夫特特权的微小代价。

A few weeks of Twitter venom was par for the course, a nominal tax for the privilege of exalting Taylor Swift.

对明星和粉丝而言都岌岌可危，名人光环效应能将凡人抬升得如此之高，以至于人群再也看不见他们的凡人本性。

Precarious for both Star and Stan, the celebrity halo effect boasts the power to elevate a mortal being so high off the ground that the throng can't see their humanity anymore.

到那时，崇拜本身成了主角，而名人则更像一个吉祥物。

By then, the worship itself becomes the subject, the celebrity something more like a mascot.

在极端情况下，这种痴迷会变得如此强烈，形成一种宣泄的‘鼠王’，导致爱与恨之间的界限彻底混乱。

In severe cases, the obsession grows so intense, a rat king of catharsis, that the wires between love and hate go scrambled.

就像那种可爱的攻击欲，你会狠狠地 squeezing 一只毛绒小猫，直到它的头被挤掉。

It's like that feeling of cute aggression where you squeeze a stuffed kitten so hard its head pops off.

2023年，在Ticketmaster混乱的泰勒·斯威夫特巡演票务发售之后，粉丝们爆发了远超购票失败的背叛指控。

In 2023, after the chaotic rollout of Taylor Swift's live tour sales on Ticketmaster, stans erupted with charges of betrayal that went far beyond concert access.

人们表现得好像门票是泰勒剥夺了他们的人权，艾米·隆在她的邮件中写道。

People acted as though tickets were a human right Taylor denied them, Amy Long wrote in her email.

他们不断改变目标，以至于泰勒只能通过送他们门票或去他们家里演奏原声歌曲来弥补。

They kept moving the goalposts to the point that Taylor could only make up for it by giving them tickets or playing acoustic sets at their houses.

泰勒并不是不在乎她的粉丝，认为她不在乎粉丝，和认为她真的是你最好的朋友一样荒谬。

Taylor is not someone who doesn't care about her fans, and it's as delusional to think that as it is to think she's actually your best friend.

几乎每个崇拜列表上的粉丝都曾目睹自己的狂热从忠诚瞬间扭曲为厌恶。

Nearly every stan worshiped a lister has seen their flocks mania pervert overnight from devotion to disdain.

就连极其低调的碧昂丝，与粉丝保持舞台般的距离，基本避开小报争议，也目睹了自己的追随者倒戈。

Even Beyonce, who is exceptionally private, holding her admirers at a proscenium stage's length and mostly skirting tabloid controversy, has seen her disciples turn.

这位表演者的狂热粉丝群本渴望能一窥他们完美女王的私生活。

The performer's ardent bayhive supposedly lusted for any glimpse they could get into the life of their flawless queen.

直到2015年，她登上《早安美国》宣布自己成为素食主义者。

That was until she appeared on Good Morning America in 2015 to share the announcement that she'd gone vegan.

她的粉丝原本以为她会宣布怀孕、新成员加入，或是举办巡回演唱会。

Her stans thought she'd be blessing them with news of a pregnancy, a new sibling, or live tour.

当他们的期待落空时，便爆发了持续不断的嘲讽，用汉堡和鸡腿表情刷爆了歌手的社交媒体评论区。

When their expectations weren't met, they unleashed a deluge of relentless mockery, spamming the singer's social media comments with emojis of hamburgers and drumsticks.

可以说，这个十年中最恶毒的粉丝动态之一属于英国电子流行歌手查莉·XCX。

Arguably, some of the decade's most venomous stand dynamics belong to English electro pop artist Charlie XCX.

查莉的粉丝群体中有一个特别狂热的角落，由白人同性恋男性占据，他们的热情有时会演变为欺凌和物化。

A particularly fervent corner of Charlie's fan sect is occupied by white gay men whose passion has been known to descend into bullying and objectification.

他们把这位天后当作道具而非人，强迫查莉为各种不雅物品签名并合影，包括兴奋剂瓶、肛门冲洗器，以及一位粉丝已故母亲的骨灰瓶。

Treating their diva as more of a prop than a person, Charlie's angels have coerced the singer into autographing and posing for photos with indecent objects, including bottles of poppers, an anal douche, and a vial containing the ashes of one Stan's deceased mother.

他们猛烈抨击查莉不受欢迎的热门单曲，并逼迫她在巡演中更改歌单以满足他们的要求。

They viciously lambasted top 40 hits of Charlie's they didn't like, twisting her arm to alter her set lists on tour to meet their demands.

我见过一些推文，查莉的粉丝一边嘲讽她的新作品是惨败，一边在同一句话中称她为女王、传奇和母亲。

I've seen tweets where Charlie stans roasted her new releases as tragic flops, then claimed her as their queen, legend, mother in the same sentence.

到目前为止，这些查莉的单曲完全打动不了我，但她仍然在我母亲名单上。

These Charlie singles so far, not doing it for me whatsoever, but she's still in my mother list.

母亲名单，已故母亲的骨灰。

The mother list, the cremains of a dead mother.

名人粉丝在崇拜与报复之间剧烈摇摆的行为，确实与母性有关。

Celebrity stan's tempestuous vacillations between adoration and retribution are indeed connected to mothering.

一项2000年代中期的研究发现，名人跟踪行为与不安全的亲子依恋之间存在关联。

One study from the mid two thousands found a correlation between celebrity stalking behavior and insecure parent child attachment.

一项来自香港的类似调查分析了401名中国中学生，发现父母缺席加剧了参与者对名人崇拜的倾向。

A similar survey out of Hong Kong analyzed 401 Chinese secondary school students and identified that parental absence exacerbated participants' inclinations towards celebrity worship.

2020年和2022年的两项研究证实，缺乏现实生活活动和家庭成员积极压力的年轻人更容易沉迷于媒体替代品。

A pair of studies from 2020 and 2022 confirmed that young people lacking in positive stressors from real life activities and family members were poised to fixate on media surrogates.

根据后一项研究，早期的孤独可能导致情感缺陷，使人更倾向于关注虚拟世界中的创伤。

According to the latter study, early life isolation may cause emotional deficits that can make someone more likely to focus on trauma in the virtual world.

将名人划分为纯洁的圣人和堕落的恶魔。

Dividing famous figures into immaculate saints and disgraced demons.

在心理学文献中，这被称为分裂。

In psychology literature, this is called splitting.

心理治疗师马克·埃普斯坦表示，日常生活的创伤很容易让我们感觉自己像一个失去母亲的孩子。

The traumas of everyday life can easily make us feel like a motherless child, said psychotherapist Mark Epstein.

因此，许多对泰勒·斯威夫特的赞美滑入了粉丝狂热的边缘病态范畴，也就不足为奇了。

It's really no wonder then that so many Taylor Swift accolades slip into the borderline pathological category of standom.

斯威夫特的多张专辑，每一张不仅带来新音乐，更开启一个全新时代，提供了丰富的美学与仪式供人沉浸其中——从她同名首张专辑中小镇般的纯真，到《名誉》中的吸血鬼式复仇，再到《民间故事》中的怀旧幻想。

With Swift's sundry albums, each of which offers not only new music but a new era, a rich wellspring of aesthetics and rituals in which to steep, the small town innocence of her self titled debut, the vampiric vengefulness of reputation, the nostalgic fantasy of folklore.

她构建了一个完整的、关于母亲的电影宇宙。

She's built a whole cinematic universe of mothers.

流行偶像的酷儿粉丝有时最为狂热，这并不奇怪，因为他们常常缺乏所需的父母支持与接纳。

It makes as much sense that pop idols' queer stans are sometimes their most zealous, so often deprived of the parental support and acceptance they need.

2023年，《纽约客》音乐记者阿曼达·佩特鲁西奇评述了泰勒·斯威夫特价值十亿美元的‘时代巡演’。

In 2023, New Yorker music journalist Amanda Petrusich reviewed Taylor Swift's billion dollar eras tour.

在她对这场盛会的分析中提到，尽管斯威夫特粉丝在线上的占有欲显得强大而可怕，但在现实中却呈现出完全不同的形态。

In her analysis of the bash, she remarked that while Swippy's online possessiveness seems both mighty and frightening, it took a totally different shape in person.

在五彩斑斓的亮片与狂喜（非药物，而是情感上的狂喜）交织的氛围中，佩特鲁西奇看到，守护‘斯威夫特主义者’的团结感，足以让人陷入狂热。

Amid the ravel of rainbow sequins and ecstasy, the feeling, not the drug, Petrusich could see how protecting a sense of Swifty solidarity could drive someone to delirium.

她写道：‘社群——我们最原始的人类愉悦之一——已被新冠疫情、政治、科技和资本主义摧毁。’

She wrote, community, one of our most elemental human pleasures, has been decimated by COVID, politics, technology, capitalism.

斯威夫特的表演或许固定而完美，但观众席中发生的一切却是混乱、狂野、仁慈而美丽的。

Swift's performance might be fixed, perfect, but what happens in the crowd is messy, wild, benevolent, and beautiful.

尽管线上聚集空间颇具吸引力，但它们无法替代真实的互动，这就是为什么虚拟粉丝互动往往会变得如此激烈和幻觉般疯狂。

As diverting as online gathering spaces can be, they are no stand in for the real stuff, which is why virtual fan interactions can turn so brutal and hallucinatory.

在发布一张来自巡演路上的Instagram幻灯片时，斯威夫特写道：‘这次巡演已经成了我的全部个性。’

Captioning an Instagram carousel from the road, Swift posted, this tour has become my entire personality.

如果粉丝们多年来一直混淆她在台前幕后的各种形象，而斯威夫特本人甚至可能都不完全了解自己，那么他们又如何能真正了解她，进而据此维护或指责她呢？

How could a fan know Swift wholly, then defend or chastise her accordingly, if after so many years of conflating her personas both on and off stage, Swift might not even fully know herself?

2003年，一项针对833名中国青少年的调查发现，那些崇拜自己真正了解的人——如父母和老师，这些人能对他们的生活产生切实影响——整体上自尊心更强，学业成就更高。

In 2003, a survey of 833 Chinese teenagers found that those who worshiped people they really knew, like parents and teachers who could make tangible contributions to their lives, had overall higher self esteem and educational achievement.

而崇拜流行歌手和运动员则预示着相反的结果。

Glorifying pop stars and athletes predicted the opposite.

自信心更低，自我认同感更弱。

Lower confidence, weaker sense of self.

这一发现支持了名人崇拜的‘吸收成瘾模型’，该模型认为，粉丝通过建立拟社会关系来弥补现实生活中缺失的部分。

This finding supports the absorption addiction model of celebrity worship, which suggests that stans pursue parasocial relationships to make up for shortages within their real lives.

但他们在试图通过追随偶像来确立个人身份的过程中，反而迷失了自我。

But in their attempts to establish personal identities through standem, they wind up losing themselves.

当现代心灵缺乏滋养时，有时它会试图在根本不存在乳汁的诡异之处吸吮。

When the modern mind is starved of nourishment, sometimes it tries to nurse in uncanny places where no milk can be found.

在私人和公共领域，崇拜都是去人性化的过程。

In both private and public spheres, worship is dehumanizing.

被神化并非如此令人欣慰。

To be deified is not so flattering.

这种动态关系会剥夺一个人展现复杂性与犯错的空间，从而为所有人埋下痛苦的种子。

The dynamic risks annihilating a person's room for complexity and blunders, and this sets up everyone for suffering.

将凡人的言语像圣经经文一样过度解读，最终却发现解读是错误的，你便可能发动一场十字军东征。

Overanalyze a mortal's words like biblical scripture only to find out the interpretations were false, and you can start a crusade.

当粉丝感到被偶像背叛时，他们常常会反抗，而惩罚往往并不平等。

When stans feel betrayed by their heroes, they often revolt, and punishments are not distributed equally.

除了极少数例外，女性偶像——作为母亲的角色——往往因最轻微的过错而遭受最严酷的惩罚。

With few exceptions, female idols, the mothers, suffer the harshest penance for the mildest crimes.

一位女性名人越边缘化，我们赋予她的人性就越少。

And the more marginalized a female celebrity is, the less humanity we allow.

我想知道，如果泰勒·斯威夫特而不是碧昂丝在《早安美国》上宣布进入一个新的素食时代，粉丝们会不会表现得如此刻薄？

I wonder if Taylor Swift instead of Beyonce had gone on Good Morning America to announce a new vegan era, would stans have behaved as caustically?

正如加拿大政治专栏作家萨布丽娜·马托在2016年所写，那些在公众视野中同时被崇拜与厌恶的女性，往往既是受害者又是反派。

As Canadian political columnist Sabrina Mato wrote in 2016, women, who are objects of simultaneous worship and disgust in the public eye, become both victim and villain.

酷儿音乐评论家指出，某些同性恋男性消费者对女性流行偶像的追捧背后，潜藏着一种阴险的厌女情绪。

Queer music journalists have noted a sinister misogyny underlying certain gay male consumers' engagement with female pop icons.

女性艺术家长期以来为粉丝提供了一个表达她们自身难以言说的女性气质的出口。

Women artists have long offered fans a kind of mouthpiece for a femininity they couldn't always express.

在迷因文化和推特敌意的推动下，这种对待方式变得更加贬低。

With meme culture and Twitter belligerence, this treatment has grown even more denigrating.

曾经我们或许只是将女性的声音当作自己的声音来代言，而现在我们却是在她们之上发声，”酷儿娱乐评论家杰雷德·理查兹说道。

Once we may have merely ventriloquized women's voices as our own, now we speak over them, said queer entertainment critic, Jared Richards.

在我的家庭中，我对待母亲的态度，曾经与狂热的名人崇拜者并无不同。

In my own family, my attitude toward my mother was once not so different from that of a rabid celebrity worshiper.

成长过程中，每当我父母表现出一丝人性的弱点，我对黛尼斯的怨恨就会加倍。

Growing up, whenever either of my parents exhibited any hint of human fallibility, I always felt twice as acrimonious toward Denise.