维生素D专家：最快导致痴呆的途径及关于阳光的危险谎言！

那就像一种隆隆声。

It's like a rumbling.

然后随着它越来越近，你会听到更高音调的声音。

And then as it gets closer, you hear the higher pitched sounds.

这是一个基本的物理原理。

This is a fundamental physics principle.

因此当阳光照射时，存在非常短的波长——紫外线B，与维生素D相关。

And so when the sun is shining, there's very short wavelengths, ultraviolet B, involving vitamin D.

但在另一端，还有这种红外光（我们稍后会讨论）或者说红光。

But at the other end, there's this infrared light, which we'll talk about, or red light.

它的波长非常长，能够穿透得非常非常深。

It's very long wavelength, and it can penetrate very, very deeply.

这一点非常重要，因为我们讨论的是人体。

That's very important because what we're talking about is the human body.

如果阳光要对人体产生影响，它的作用必须不仅仅停留在皮肤层面。

And if the sun is going to have an effect on the human body, it's got to be more than just the skin.

这篇论文确切展示的是，根据斯科特·齐默尔曼在文章中的说法，太阳的红外光能够穿透至约八厘米深度，并且从根本上与线粒体产生特异性相互作用。

So that's exactly what this paper showed, is that basically infrared lights from the sun is able to penetrate probably up to about eight centimeters according to Scott Zimmerman in this article, and it fundamentally interacts with specifically the mitochondria.

它对线粒体有什么作用？

And what does it do to the mitochondria?

让我们先退一步谈谈线粒体，因为这是核心所在。

So let's back up and talk about the mitochondria because this is central.

线粒体之于细胞，就如同引擎之于汽车。

The mitochondria to the cell is like the engine in your car.

引擎产生动力使车轮转动，但在此过程中会导致引擎周围产生热量。

The engine produces locomotion that causes the wheels to spin, but in the process of doing it, it causes heat to surround the engine.

如果不处理这些热量，引擎就会停止运转。

And if you don't deal with that heat, it will shut down the engine.

这会使效率降低，并最终导致引擎停机。

It will make it more inefficient, and eventually it will shut it down.

那么所有内燃机都具备什么？

So what do all internal combustion engines have?

它们有一个冷却系统。

They have a cooling system.

它们有一个散热器。

They have a radiator.

它们有一个油底壳。

They have an oil pan.

它们有一个水泵。

They have a water pump.

这正是细胞为线粒体必须具备的。

And that's exactly what the cell has to have for the mitochondria.

线粒体内的不是热量，而是氧化应激。

It's not heat in the mitochondria, it's called oxidative stress.

特别是氧化应激会导致线粒体破坏，进而引发这类疾病。

And it's specifically oxidative stress that causes destruction destruction of the mitochondria and leads to these types of diseases.

因此氧化应激导致线粒体功能异常，从而引发糖尿病。

So oxidative stress causes the mitochondria not to work well, this leads to diabetes.

氧化应激导致线粒体功能不佳，从而引发痴呆症。

Oxidative stress makes the mitochondria not work so well, this leads to dementia.

这一点已经阐述清楚了。

This has already been laid out.

这并不存在太大争议。

This is not that controversial.

争议的部分在于我们该如何应对？

The controversial part is what do we do about it?

这篇论文的作者们（其实不止他们）通过文献综述发现，线粒体会自行制造冷却系统，而这个冷却系统就是褪黑素。

So what these guys in this paper showed was that, and not just them, but reviewing the literature, is that the mitochondria makes its own cooling system, and that cooling system is melatonin.

现在你可能会想：等等，褪黑素不是我们大脑在入睡前分泌的那种物质吗？

Now, you might be thinking, wait a minute, melatonin, that the stuff that we take that our brain makes right before we go to sleep?

没错，完全正确，事实正是如此。

Yeah, it's absolutely correct, that's what happens.

问题在于这并非大脑产生的褪黑素。

The problem is that this is not melatonin that's made in the brain.

这不是通过血液供应传递、告诉我们该睡觉的那种褪黑激素。

This is not melatonin that goes through the blood supply and goes through our blood and tells us it's time to go to sleep.

这是细胞线粒体内产生的褪黑激素，它是一种强大的抗氧化剂，能从根本上防止氧化应激的发生。

This is melatonin that's made in the cell, in the mitochondria, and it's a powerful antioxidant that basically prevents the oxidative stress from occurring.

斯科特·祖尔曼和罗素·赖特在这项研究中提出，进入人体的红外辐射能够刺激并上调褪黑激素等多种因子，这些因子能保持线粒体冷却，实际上还能提高线粒体的能量输出。

What Scott Zurman and Russell Ryder showed proposed in this was that basically the infrared radiation that's coming in to the body is able to stimulate and upregulate melatonin and a number of other factors that keep the mitochondria cool and can actually improve the energy output of the mitochondria.

这确实让我感到震惊，我作为重症监护医生对此深有共鸣的原因有两个。

So this was actually mind blowing to me, and I'll tell you why I resonated with this as a critical care physician, because there was two things that bothered me the most.

第一，SARS-CoV-2病毒。

Number one, SARS CoV-two virus.

当它进入人体后，会与一种叫做ACE2受体的物质相互作用。

When it comes into the body, it interacts with something called the ACE two receptor.

你可能听说过ACE2受体。

You may have heard about the ACE two receptor.

好的。

Okay.

这里是病毒实际附着在细胞上并被内化的位置。

This is where the the virus actually latches on to the cell and gets internalized.

那么这个ACE2受体究竟是什么？

So what is this ACE two receptor?

它是为全人类存在仅仅作为一个受体，还是它实际上有某种功能？

Is this Was this there for all of humanity just to be a receptor, or does it actually have a role?

事实证明它确实有功能，令人震惊的是，ACE2受体参与缓解氧化应激。

It turns out it actually has a role, and mind blowingly, the ACE2 receptor is involved in mitigating oxidative stress.

换句话说，它是细胞为线粒体提供的另一部分冷却系统。

So in other words, it's another part of the cell's cooling system for the mitochondria.

正在发生的是，当病毒附着在细胞上时，基本上就消除了这一功能。

What's happening is that the virus, when it attaches to the cell, is basically eliminating that action.

想象一下，有一群人带着各种不同的引擎以不同温度运转，换句话说。

And so imagine you have a bunch of people with various different engines running at different temperatures, in other words.

有些人患有慢性疾病，我们知道他们的引擎运转过热。

You've got some people with chronic disease and we know their engines are running hot.

我们还有其他人完全健康，他们过得相当不错。

We have other people who are completely healthy and they're doing quite well.

他们的引擎运行得既好又凉爽。

Their engines are nice and cool.

他们完全没有问题。

They have no problems at all.

现在想象新冠病毒来了，SARS-CoV-2正在感染所有人。

Now imagine COVID comes and SARS CoV-two is infecting everybody.

其作用趋势是——因为它破坏了所有人的ACE2受体（这个受体具有冷却引擎的功能），换句话说，它导致每个人的引擎都过热运行。

What that tendency is to do is because it's knocking out everybody's ACE-two receptor, which has the ability to cool down the engine, in other words, it's causing everybody's engine to run hot.

换句话说，可以这样想象：

In other words, picture it this way.

你正开车行驶在路上，仪表盘显示温度正常，突然出现一座名为COVID-19的大山需要翻越。

You're you're you're driving along in your car and your thermometer is there, and all of sudden there's this big hill that you have to climb called COVID nineteen.

谁能成功翻越这座山？谁又会失败呢？

Who's gonna make it over that hill and who's not gonna make it over that hill?

能翻过那座山的人，是那些引擎散热良好、温度运行正常的人。

The people that make it over the hill are those with great cooling engines whose temperatures are running great.

翻不过那座山的人，是那些引擎温度计显示过热的人。

The ones that don't make it over that hill are the ones that have the thermometer on their engine running hot.

这些人会在山顶耗尽力气无法前进，最终只能停在路边，引擎盖掀起，冒着蒸汽。

Those are the ones that poop out at the top and can't make it, and they're the ones pulled over to the side of the road with the hood up and the steam coming out engine.

你明白我说的意思吗？

Of Do you understand what I'm saying?

当然，明白。

Of course, yeah.

所以我很清楚为什么没看到他们预测的情况——那些呼吸科病人涌入ICU。

So this makes perfect sense to me why I wasn't seeing what they were predicting, which is these respiratory patients coming into the ICU.

我在ICU看到的是哪些人？

Who was I seeing in the ICU?

就像我们讨论过的，我看到的是痴呆症患者、糖尿病患者、肾病患者。

I was seeing people with dementia, as we talked about, diabetes, kidney disease.

这些就是那些生病的人。

These are the ones that were sick.

另一件真正触动我并与之产生共鸣的事情是——这一点甚至毫无争议——我们在疫情初期就了解到，入院时维生素D水平较高的患者恢复得非常好。

The other thing that really hit me and resonated with this was, and this was not even controversial, we knew early on in the pandemic that people who came into the hospital and had higher levels of vitamin D did really well.

他们没有死亡。

They didn't die.

他们的死亡风险更低。

They didn't have the same chances of dying.

而维生素D水平低的人，死亡风险要高得多。

People who had low vitamin D levels, they had much higher chances of dying.

所以我们当时会检测这些维生素D水平。

So we would check these vitamin D levels.

想象一下，你身处疫情前线照顾这些病人，反复看到这些数据都表明维生素D水平能高度预测患者死亡率。

Think about this, you're there at ground zero and you're taking care of these patients, and you see this data over and over and over again that vitamin D is very predictive of who's going to die.

显然，你会怎么做？

Obviously, what are you going to do?

尽管这是一项关联性研究，关联性并不意味着因果关系，你还是会给人们补充维生素D并试图提高其水平。

Even though this is an associative study, that association doesn't mean causation, you're going be giving people vitamin D and try to get those levels up.

问题在于我们补充了维生素D，但它并没有产生多大效果。

The problem is that we gave vitamin D and it really didn't have much of an effect.

你们是在补充阶段给的？

You gave it in supplement time?

是的。

Yeah.

人们会来到医院。

People would come into the hospital.

像这样？

Like this?

没错。

Exactly.

正是如此。

Exactly.

就像这样。

Just like that.

事实上，我自己也在补充。

In fact, I was supplementing myself.

我是说，反正也没什么损失，对吧？

I mean, what have you got to lose, right?

我今天早上已经吃了维生素D片。

I already took my vitamin D tablet this morning.

虽然很难过量，但也是有可能的。

It's very hard to overdose, but it's possible.

所以你发现用维生素D治疗患者很困难，但给他们药片并没有太大效果。

So you noticed that it was hard to treat people with vitamin D, but giving them a tablet didn't really do much.

没错。

That's correct.

为什么？

Why?

我认为事实是这样的：我们发现体内维生素D水平高或正常的人比那些水平低的人表现更好。

Well, this is what I believe is the fact is we saw that people with high levels of vitamin D or normal levels of vitamin D did better than those that had low levels.

我相信这只是其他因素的标志。

I believe that that was a marker of something else.

换句话说，体内维生素D水平较高意味着这些人晒太阳的时间更长。

In other words, people who had higher levels of vitamin D meant that they were out in the sun more.

他们比那些维生素D水平很低的人户外活动更多。

They were outside more than those of the people that had very low vitamin D levels.

维生素D水平低的人告诉我，这些人很少出门晒太阳。

The people with low vitamin D levels were telling me these were people that were not getting outside into the sun.

那么真正的关键因素是什么？

And so what's the real factor here?

真正起主导作用的是什么？

What's doing the heavy lifting?

我提出——斯科特·齐默尔曼和拉塞尔·莱德也会提出，而且我可以告诉你许多其他科学家都同意这个观点——太阳的红外辐射在线粒体层面产生了抗氧化应激的效果，而维生素D只是标志着谁获得了红外光照射、谁经常出门活动。

I would propose, and Scott Zimmerman and Russell Ryder would propose, and I can tell you a number of other scientists that would agree with me on this, is that infrared radiation from the sun is causing an effect at the mitochondrial level in terms of oxidative stress, and that vitamin D was just the marker of who was getting the infrared light and who was not, who was going outside and who was not going outside.

所以当阳光普照时，大部分情况下你接收到的都是红外线。

So when the sun is shining, for the most part, you're getting infrared lights.

你接收到的是太阳发出的完整生物光谱。

You're getting the entire the entire biological spectrum from the sun.

我们可以从最长波长的远红外线，一直到最短波长的紫外线B（能生成维生素D的波段）。

We can go to the longest wavelength, which is far infrared, all the way to the shortest wavelength, is ultraviolet B, which makes vitamin D.

换句话说，当你在自然环境中时，接收到的光线光谱范围非常广。

So in other words, when you are outside in a natural environment, you're getting a very broad spectrum of light.

正因如此，如果你能接触到红外线，通常也会同时合成维生素D。

And so because of that, if you're getting infrared light, you're also going to be making vitamin D.

这两者你都能获得。

You're getting both.

但冬季会出现变化——尤其是英格兰这样的纬度地区，当太阳位置较低时。

Now that can change because in the wintertime, when the sun is lower in the sky, especially in England, this is a special issue at that latitude.

当太阳低垂天际时，光线必须以倾斜角度穿透大气层。

When the sun is low in the sky, it's got the light has to penetrate through obliquely through the atmosphere.

正因如此，来自太阳的短波辐射，如紫外线B，无法很好地穿透。

And because of that, short wave radiation from the sun, like ultraviolet B, does not make it very well.

所以一年中有某些时期，你无法从太阳获得足够的紫外线B，甚至可能完全得不到紫外线B。

So there's times of the year where you're not getting enough ultraviolet B or maybe even no ultraviolet B from the sun.

而紫外线B正是制造维生素D的关键。

Which makes the vitamin D.

也就是制造维生素D所需的部分。

Which makes the vitamin D.

这样你就会缺乏维生素D。

And that you're gonna be deficient.

你需要额外补充。

You need to supplement.

然而在同一时期，虽然由于太阳高度角低且缺乏紫外线B辐射导致维生素D不足，但仍有足够的长波红外线能够穿透大气层。

However, during that same period of time, you're not getting enough vitamin D because there's no ultraviolet B radiation, that sun is low, but it's still enough to allow that long wavelength penetrating infrared light to still come through.

那么这些设备产生的就是这种长波红外线吗？

So is the long wave infrared light the type of thing that we see these gadgets doing?

确实如此。

Absolutely.

具体来说，你能看到红光是因为那不是红外线——可见光范围内的红光。

And and I would say just to be specific is because you can see that as red light there, that's not infrared light because you can see it.

严格来说，红外线是完全不可见的。

So infrared light technically is completely invisible.

但这些设备确实会发出红外线，只是肉眼看不见。

But this these do give out infrared light, but you just can't see it.

没错。

Exactly.

它位于光谱中靠近红色光的那一端。

So it's toward that red end of the spectrum.

像UCL的格伦·杰弗里正在研究670纳米的红光，随机对照试验已证明这种可见红光确实能提升线粒体效率。

And people like Glenn Jeffrey out of UCL is actually doing research at six seventy nanometers of red light and has shown in randomized controlled trials that that type of light right there at six seventy, the type that you can even see, actually does improve mitochondrial efficiency.

他通过多项随机对照试验证实了这一点。

He's shown this in a number of randomized controlled trials.

它能改善视力，你要知道眼睛后部的视网膜含有非常丰富的线粒体。

It improves eyesight, you have to realize that the retina at the back of your eye is very rich in mitochondria.

他通过调控葡萄糖和线粒体输出来证明了这一点。

He's shown this in terms of managing glucose and output from mitochondria.

这些方法之所以如此有效，是因为随着年龄增长，皮肤开始变得松弛，这是由于成纤维细胞（即皮肤中的细胞）原本负责生成胶原蛋白。

And the reason why these things work so well is because what's going on here is as you get older, your skin starts to become more saggy because the fibroblasts, or the cells in your skin, they're designed to make collagen.

胶原蛋白是让皮肤保持柔软细腻的骨架结构。

And collagen is the skeleton that makes your skin soft and subtle.

是的。

Yeah.

别在意我，请继续

Don't mind me, please carry

不，不。

No, no.

所以我妻子用的正是同样的东西。

So this exactly my wife uses the same thing.

这真是个有趣的收费项目。

This is a fun charge.

目前的情况是，能够深度穿透的红光正进入皮肤，激活你成纤维细胞中的线粒体，产生更多能量，这些细胞需要这些能量来沉积胶原蛋白。

What's going on right now is that red light, which can penetrate very deeply down, is going into the skin, and it is activating the mitochondria in your fibroblast to produce more energy, which those cells need to deposit collagen.

因此当你沉积胶原蛋白时，皮肤会感觉更紧致，因为随着年龄增长，胶原蛋白的沉积会越来越少。

So when you deposit collagen, that's gonna give the skin a more tight feel, because as you get older, that collagen deposition is gonna get less and less and less.

所以这能帮助我保持年轻容貌？

So this is gonna help keep me looking young?

这正是它的全部意义所在。

That's the whole point of it.

你是说这些设备的光线能穿透大约六七厘米？

And you're saying that the the light in these penetrates, what, six or seven centimeters?

还是

Or

红外线的话大约能穿透八厘米。

Infrared is it does about eight centimeters.

这种红光会稍微弱一些，因为这种光，显然你能看见它，所以它的波长要短一些。

This red light would be a little bit less because this light light, obviously, you can see it, so it is a little bit shorter wavelength.

但是，没错，这种红光，比如比黄光或蓝光能穿透得更深。

But, yes, this light, the red light, can penetrate deeper than, for instance, yellow light or blue light.

特别是这种光能与线粒体相互作用，从而增强效果。

And it's this light particularly that interacts with the mitochondria to increase that.

那我们是不是应该全身都用这个？

So should we be putting this all over our body?

因为，好吧，它对皮肤有好处，但如果它能深入渗透，想必身体其他部位也能从中受益，比如其他线粒体。

Because, okay, it's good for my skin, but if it's penetrating deeper, presumably there's other parts of my body that would benefit from that, another mitochondria.

你这么说很有意思。

It's interesting you say that.

我提到的那个由伦敦大学学院的格伦·杰弗里进行的研究中，他让年轻人摄入大量葡萄糖，按理说每个人的血糖都会飙升。

The study that I'm referring to with Glenn Jeffrey out of University College London, he took young people in this study, he gave them a bunch of glucose, And everybody who gets a bunch of glucose should have a spike in their blood sugar.

然后他随机在他们背部照射红光，观察会发生什么。

And he randomized them on their backs to see what would happen when he shined red lights on their backs.

接受红光照射的人血糖峰值较低。

And the people that got the red light had lower spikes.

换句话说，似乎线粒体的代谢速度加快，导致他们血液中的葡萄糖峰值降低。

In other words, it seemed as though the mitochondria were metabolizing faster, which caused less of a spike of the glucose in their blood.

他通过检测线粒体代谢的副产物——二氧化碳来证实这一点。

The way he confirmed that is looking for the byproducts of the mitochondrial metabolism, which is carbon dioxide.

当我们呼吸和代谢时，我们呼出二氧化碳，这是线粒体代谢的结果。

So when we breathe, when we metabolize, we're breathing out carbon dioxide, which is the result of a mitochondrial metabolism.

事实上，那些接受光照的人呼出气体中的二氧化碳水平更高。

And in fact, in those people that had the light on, it showed a higher level of carbon dioxide in the exhaled breath.

说回你的问题，关键在于我们是否应该全身都接受这种光照。

The whole point of that is to get back to your question is whether we should be this all over your body.

他仅通过背部照射就实现了全身性的效果。

He was able to get that effect systemically with just putting the light on the back.

这是一种全身性的作用能力。

That was a systemic ability.

我们对线粒体并非全然了解，但现有认知表明它们能相互沟通，且无需全身照射就能产生系统性效果。

We don't understand everything about the mitochondria, but what we do seem to understand is that they can communicate with each other, and that you don't need to have this all over the body to have systemic effects.

不过就这个具体案例而言，若想让此处皮肤更显年轻，自然需要针对该部位进行照射。

In this particular case though, if you want to have the skin here to be more younger looking, then it makes sense that this is where you need to have it.

如果想改善身体其他部位的年轻态，那么光线可能就需要聚焦在那个特定区域。

If you want to have a particular other part of your body to look younger, then perhaps that's where the light needs to go.

真有意思。

So interesting.

这类红光疗法研究需要多长时间才能观察到效果？

How long did it take in those studies to see the effect of red light therapy like this?

这是个非常好的问题。

Well, that's a very good question.

据我与格伦·杰弗里交流所知，他在十五分钟内就观察到了改善效果。

If you talk to Glenn Jeffrey, which I have, he noticed an improvement in fifteen minutes.

十五分钟。

Fifteen minutes.

他在十五分钟内注意到了什么？

What did he notice in fifteen minutes?

他说他研究过果蝇、蚊子、蜜蜂和人类体内的线粒体，每次结果都一样。

He said he has studied the mitochondria in fruit flies, in mosquitoes, in bees, and in human beings, and it's the same every time.

他表示在这种特定环境下，经过约十五到二十分钟的这种光线照射后，会有一个开关被激活，之后就不再需要额外刺激。

He says after about fifteen to twenty minutes of this type of light, in that type of setting, there is a switch that turns on, and you don't need further stimulation.

额外刺激不会产生更多效果。

Further stimulation doesn't do anything more.

这是非常奇特的现象。

It's a very bizarre thing.

你可能会认为给予的光线越多，效果就越显著。

You would think that the more light that you gave, the more the effect would be.

但事实并非如此。

It's not.

大约十五分钟后，线粒体内会发生某种变化。

After about fifteen minutes, there's something that changes in the mitochondria.

关于这种现象发生的具体位置，存在一些理论推测。

Are certain theories about where this might be.

可能位于电子传递链的复合体四上。

This might be in the electron transport chain, complex four.

这些都是非常专业的技术细节。

These are very technical things.

实际上有许多研究团队正在对此进行探索。

There's a lot of studies that are actually There's a number of groups that are actually looking at this.

整个光生物调节科学领域都在研究这个现象。

There's a whole area of science called photobiomodulation, which is looking at this.

但十五分钟确实是所需的关键时长。

But fifteen minutes is really what it takes.

所以我们讨论的并不是很长的时间。

So we're not talking about a long period of time.

这确实非常有趣。

This is really interesting.

回到我在重症监护室的经历，维生素D并没有奏效。

So getting back to my experience in the intensive care unit, The vitamin D wasn't working.

这些患者濒临死亡，我清楚地意识到对这些患者而言，COVID是一个代谢问题。

These patients were dying, and it became clear to me that COVID was a metabolic issue for these patients.

当我意识到这一点时，严格来说疫情仍在持续，因为人们仍在感染，但涌入医院的人潮和我们在重症监护室看到的患者数量已急剧下降。

By the time I had realized this, pandemic arguably is still going on because people are still becoming infected, but the rush to come into the hospital and the number of bodies that we were seeing circulating through the intensive care unit had dropped dramatically.

那时我意识到，红外线灯可能对这些COVID-19患者非常有益。

And at that point, I was able to see that potentially infrared lights may be very beneficial in these patients with COVID-nineteen.

当时巴西有一项研究。

Now, there was a study in Brazil.

他们选取了病情严重到需要住院但尚未严重到需在重症监护室插管的COVID患者。

They took COVID patients that were sick enough to be admitted to the hospital, but not too sick to be intubated in an intensive care unit.

他们做了一项了不起的尝试。

And they did something tremendous.

他们实际制造了一种可以给患者穿上的治疗背心。

They actually manufactured a jacket that they could put on patients.

这件夹克内部装有LED灯泡，能精确发出940纳米的红外辐射。

And on the inside of this jacket were these LED bulbs that gave off infrared radiation at exactly nine forty nanometers.

他们让患者穿上夹克，并随机决定哪件夹克开启或关闭。

They put the jackets on, and they randomized the sign which jacket was turned on and which jacket was turned off.

这是双盲实验，因为人眼无法看到这件夹克发出的光。

It was blinded because the light coming from this jacket could not be seen by the human eye.

甚至不足以产生足够的热量。

It wasn't even enough to produce enough heat.

他们对30名受试者进行了这项实验，并进行了随机分组。

And so they they did this on 30 subjects, and they randomized them.

15人接受了治疗。

15 did it.

所有30人都穿着夹克。

All 30 had the jackets on.

其中15人的设备是开启状态。

15 had it turned on.

另外15人则没有开启这个功能。

15 did not have it turned on.

然后他们观察这些患者。

And they watched them.

这些患者发生了什么变化？

What happens to these patients?

他们观察的每一项指标都具有统计学意义。

Every single endpoint that they looked at was statistically significant.

这是什么意思？

What does that mean?

这意味着两组之间的差异不可能是偶然产生的。

It means that the differences between these two groups could not have been from chance.

确实存在实质性差异。

There was a real difference.

穿着开启功能夹克的那组患者，其血氧饱和度有所改善，呼吸更深更有力，白细胞数量也有所提升。

The group that had the jacket turned on had improvement in their oxygen saturation, could take breaths in more deeply and stronger, had improvements in their white blood cells.

不仅如此，他们的心率、呼吸频率等各项指标都有所改善，所有这些都具有统计学意义。

And not only that, had improvements in their heart rate, their respiratory rate, all of these statistically significant.

但最重要且令人震惊的数据是住院时间的长短。

But the most important and mind blowing statistic was the length of stay in the hospital.

他们每天穿戴这件背心15分钟，持续七天。

So they had these jackets on for fifteen minutes once a day for seven days.

未开启背心功能的对照组，平均住院时间为12天。

In the group that did not have the jacket turned on, their average length of stay was twelve days in the hospital.

而开启背心功能的组别，住院时间仅为8天。

For those that had the jacket turned on, it was eight days.

这相差了整整四天。

That was four day difference.

当你意识到住院患者每天要花费数千美元时，这个差距就非常惊人了。

That's tremendous when you realize that it costs thousands of dollars to hospitalized patients.

考虑到某些治疗流感的药物仅通过缩短症状24小时就能获得FDA批准，这个效果就显得尤为显著。

It's a huge amount when you think about the fact that there are certain drugs that get FDA approved for influenza, for instance, by just cutting short the symptoms for twenty four hours.

这不仅仅是二十四小时。

This is not just twenty four hours.

患者提前四天出院。

People were discharged from the hospital four days faster.

当我看到那项研究时，这就足以说服我了。

When I saw that study, that was enough for me to convince me.

我是说，显然只有30名受试者，对吧？

Mean, obviously it was 30 subjects, right?

我们应该进行更大规模的研究。

We should do a bigger study.

我们应该做几百人的研究，对吧？

We should do a couple 100, right?

这样做才理想。

That would ideal to do.

但事实上仅用30名患者就能显示出统计学显著性，这足以让我决定：从现在起，所有我接诊的需要插管的COVID-19住院患者，都会让他们接受这种体外治疗。

But the fact that with just 30 patients, they could show statistical significance, that was enough for me to say every patient from now on that I see that comes in with COVID-nineteen that's hospitalized, that they're asking me to go intubate, to bring to my ICU, these patients are going to get outside.

我没有他们在巴西制作的那件夹克。

I don't have that jacket that they made in Brazil.

甚至不知道该如何制作那件夹克。

Don't even know how I would make that jacket.

那是他们为研究特制的。

They made it for the study.

而且市面上买不到。

And it's not commercially available.

也没有940纳米波长的光源——那是他们在研究中使用的。

There's no 940 nanometer lights, which is what they did in the study.

但我清楚这一点。

But I do know this.

我知道阳光中含有940纳米的光波，如果我能把患者带到户外，或许他们的状况会好转。

I do know that sunlight has 940 nanometers in it, and if I could just take these patients outside, maybe they could improve.

所以我的愿望实现了。

So I got my wish.

我有个病人躺在病床上。

I had a patient on the floor.

他当时每分钟需要35升100%纯氧，通过高流量吸氧。

He was on 35 liters a minute, 100% oxygen through his high flow.

通过鼻子吗？

Through his nose?

通过他的

Through his

鼻子，血氧饱和度勉强维持，因为他感染了新冠肺炎。

nose, barely saturating because he had COVID-nineteen.

我被叫去会诊，因为他可能需要插管或转入重症监护室。

I was asked to go see him because he was potentially needing to be intubated or brought to the intensive care unit.

我简直不敢相信，因为我已经好几个月没见过这样的病例了。

I could not believe it because I had not seen one of these in months.

于是我下楼走进病房，推开了门。

So I went down, walked into the room, opened the door.

那是个隔离病房。

It was in isolation.

我戴着口罩，全副武装。

I had a mask on, the whole nine yards.

房间里一片漆黑。

The room was completely dark.

窗帘紧闭着。

The blind was closed.

他女儿在场。

His daughter was there.

他对我说的第一句话是：医生，我还有多少时间？

And the first words out of his mouth to me was, Doc, how much time have I got?

简直是一场灾难。

I mean, it was a catastrophe.

那里没有光线，没有昼夜节律。

Like, there was no light, no circadian rhythm.

这家伙当时很抑郁。

This guy was depressed.

我立刻打电话给我的呼吸治疗师，立即叫来了值班护士。

I immediately called my respiratory therapist, immediately called the charge nurse.

我们把所有人召集起来，我说：'我们需要把这家伙弄到外面去。'

We got everybody together, and I said, We need to get this guy outside.

那是个阳光明媚的日子。

It was a bright and sunny day.

我们怎么才能把他弄到外面去？

How are we gonna get this guy outside?

35升，100%纯氧。

35 liters, 100%.

我的呼吸治疗师金设法把几个氧气瓶组装起来，我们成功把他扶上轮椅，推到了户外。

We my respiratory therapist, Kim, managed to put a couple of oxygen tanks together, and we were able to get this guy into a wheelchair, and we wheeled him outside.

几周后他告诉我，他说：'你知道吗，你们第一天把我带到阳光下时——因为我们连续这样做了七天——那种感觉太棒了。'

And he told me this weeks later, but he says, you know, that first day that you got me outside in the sun, because we did this for like seven days in a row, he said, that felt so good.

仅仅一天后，他的氧气需求量就从35升降到了15升。

He, after just one day, dropped down from 35 liters to 15 liters.

15升什么？

15 liters of?

氧气。

Of oxygen.

然后降到12升，第二天降到8升，接着又降到5升。

And then down to 12, and then down to eight the next day, and then down to five.

五天时间。

Five days.

他为了保持...吸入的氧气量

The amount of oxygen he was inhaling to keep Correct.

他

Him

换句话说，我们正在逐步减少给他的供氧量，以维持他的血氧饱和度在90%以上。

So in other words, we were titrating down the amount of oxygen that we had to give him to maintain a saturation in the 90s.

五天后，他出院回家时已无需吸氧。

In five days, he was discharged home without oxygen.

显然，这只是个例，对吧？

Now, obviously, that's an anecdote, right?

这并非研究数据。

That's not a study.

但我正在评估让人们在阳光下活动十五到二十分钟的风险。

But I'm looking at the risks of getting people out in the sun for fifteen, twenty minutes.

这样做风险并不大。

There's not a lot of risk to that.

而如果存在益处，我认为值得尝试。

And if there's a benefit, I thought it was worthwhile doing.

我们需要进行更大规模的随机对照试验。

We need to have larger randomized controlled trials.

但这促使我开始探究阳光中究竟是什么因素促成了这种变化。

But it got me down the road to looking to see what was it about sunlight that was affecting this change.

你猜怎么着？

And you know what?

有大量数据支持。

There's ample data.

实际上欧洲曾做过一项研究，当时他们说：'好，现在有新冠疫情'。

There was a study actually that was done in Europe where they said, Okay, here's COVID.

疫情正在加剧。

COVID's going up.

疫情何时会加剧？

When does COVID go up?

是因为温度变化导致的吗？

Is it because of temperature that changes?

还是因为湿度变化？

Is it because of humidity?

这两个问题的答案都是否定的。

And the answers to both of those were no.

你知道是什么预测了各国在2020年首次疫情爆发的时间吗？

Do you know what predicted when countries were to have their first surge in the 2020?

确实有一项关于这个的研究。

There was a study that was actually done on this.

是纬度。

It was Latitude.

疫情从芬兰开始，然后蔓延至整个欧洲大陆。

It started in Finland and then went down the entire continent.

2020年最后一个出现疫情爆发的国家是希腊。

The last country in the 2020 to have a COVID surge was Greece.

随着太阳直射点向南半球移动，当阴影开始笼罩欧洲时，我们就看到一个接一个的国家开始爆发疫情。

So as the sun is literally pulling down into the Southern Hemisphere, as the shadow starts to go over Europe, that's when we start to see COVID surges one by one by one.

确实如此。

There was yeah.

这是因为新冠病毒和太阳不是朋友吗？

Is is that because COVID and the sun aren't friends?

所以，如果阳光让病毒更难传播，比如我把新冠病毒放在这张桌子上，然后让阳光照射，病毒就会死亡。

So if I it makes it harder to spread because, you know, if I put COVID on this table and then I put sunlight on the table, the COVID is going to die.

是的，有可能。

Yeah, it's possible.

不过我们现在知道新冠病毒可能不太通过接触传播，更多是通过空气传播。

Although we now know that COVID probably doesn't spread too much through contact, it's more of an airborne thing.

爱丁堡大学曾做过一项研究，专门探讨了我们之前谈到的维生素D问题。

So there was a study that was done at the University of Edinburgh, and they looked at this very question that we had talked about earlier about vitamin D.

他们研究了美国冬季的情况，排除了美国南部地区，因为在那里冬季仍能获取一些维生素D。

They looked at The United States in wintertime, and they eliminated the Southern part of The United States because in the Southern part of The United States, you can actually get some vitamin D in the wintertime.

所以他们只研究了美国北部地区，结果发现特定地区阳光越充足，新冠死亡率就越低。

So they just looked at the sort of the Northern portion of The United States, and they were able to show that the more sunlight there was in particular areas, the lower the mortality from COVID nineteen.

于是他们说：这个发现很有意思。

So they said, This is interesting.

那英国的情况如何呢？

What about in England?

于是他们在英格兰进行了完全相同的研究，果然不出所料，他们无需排除英格兰的任何地区，因为整个国家在冬季都获取不到维生素D。

So they did the exact same study in England, and sure enough, of course, they didn't have to eliminate any part of England because the whole country doesn't get any vitamin D in the wintertime.

研究显示，正如你所知，英格兰某些地区相比其他地区能获得更多阳光照射。

What they showed was that, again, certain parts of the country in England, as you know, get more sunlight than other parts.

而那些阳光更充足的地区，新冠死亡率确实更低。

Well, those areas that got more sunlight had lower mortality from COVID-nineteen.

随后他们采用相同的研究方法，将目光转向意大利。

Then they took the same, they predicated the same study and they looked in Italy.

发现了完全一致的结果。

Exactly the same finding.

他们将此研究成果公开发表。

And they published this.

他们在研究中特别指出——这点让我非常震惊——如果存在因果关系，这可能揭示出一种潜在的公共卫生干预措施。

And they said in their study, and this is what really amazed me, they said, If this is causal, they say, they said that this might actually show a possible public health intervention.

这一现象完全与维生素D无关的事实，意味着背后另有其他因素在起作用。

The fact that it is completely independent of vitamin D means that there's something else going on.

2011年瑞典有一项研究。

There was a study in 2011 in Sweden.

是的。

Yes.

这与当前研究有关联吗？

Is that linked to this?

不，这是完全不同的研究，但瑞典研究同样非常重要。

No, this is a completely different study, but that's also a very important study.

这项瑞典研究具有开创性意义。

So the Swedish study is groundbreaking.

该研究调查了20,030名瑞典女性的日光暴露习惯。

This was a study where they asked 20,030 Swedish women about their habits in sunlight.

他们将受试女性分为三类：很少接触阳光的、适度接触阳光的，以及频繁接触阳光的群体。

They divided these women into three categories: those women that did not get a lot of sun, those that got a moderate amount of sun, and those that got a lot of sun.

研究人员对这些女性进行了长达20年的跟踪，详细记录了每位死亡者的死因。

And they followed them for twenty years, and they kept a track of each one that died and what they died of.

当他们完成研究后，结果令人震惊：那些大部分时间在户外活动或户外时间最长的女性，因癌症、心血管疾病和非心血管疾病导致的死亡率最低。

And when they were done with that, were astonished because what they found was that the women who had spent the large amount of their time outside, or spent the most amount of time outside, had the least amount of mortality from cancer, from cardiovascular disease, and non cardiovascular disease.

而那些户外时间最少的女性，这些疾病的死亡率最高。

And those that spent the least amount of time outside had the highest levels of that.

两组之间的差异如此显著，以至于研究表明：在瑞典，户外时间最长且吸烟的女性，其死亡率与那些户外时间较少且不吸烟的女性相同。

The magnitude difference between those two was so much that they were able to show that women who, in Sweden, who spent the most amount of time outside and smoked had the same mortality as those women that did not spend as much time outside and did not smoke.

两者死亡率相等。

They were equal.

两者死亡率相等。

They were equal.

换句话说，不常在户外晒太阳这一行为，其导致的死亡风险与吸烟相当。

In other words, being in that category of not spending much time outside in the sun was the same risk factor for death as smoking.

他们如何确定这与运动无关？

How do they know it wasn't linked to exercise?

他们是如何确立因果关系的？

How are they able to establish causation?

因为那是个

Because that's a

绝对是个好问题。

Absolutely, that's an excellent question.

随着深入探讨，关键在于这是一项关联性研究，明白吗？

So the difference here as you go up is this is an association study, Okay?

问题在于如何从关联性中推导出因果关系？

So the question is how can you get causation from association?

你无法直接得出。

You can't.

但若参照布拉德福德·希尔准则，当存在剂量反应曲线时，就有可能构建强有力的因果论证。

But if you look at the Bradford Hill criteria, there is a way that you can potentially make a strong argument for causation if there's something called a dose response curve.

换言之，如果你不仅能比较两组数据，而是三组或更多，并能证明随着变量增加，输出结果相应变化，这就强烈暗示可能存在因果关系。

In other words, if you can show, you're not just comparing two things, but you're comparing three or more, if you can show that as you increase the variable that there is a change in the output, that is strongly suggestive of potentially causation.

顺便一提，这正是我们证明吸烟导致肺癌时所采用的方法。

By the way, this is exactly what we did to show that smoking causes lung cancer.

显然，我们无法进行随机对照试验。

Obviously, we can't do a randomized controlled trial.

在这里，你被分配吸烟，你不被分配吸烟。

Here, you get to smoke, you don't get to smoke.

我们将进行二十年的随访，看看谁会得肺癌。

We'll follow-up in twenty years to see who has lung cancer.

这正是我们所做的。

This is exactly what we did.

我们证明了吸烟与癌症风险之间存在如此强烈的关联，以至于我们能够通过关联性断言吸烟导致肺癌。

We showed that there was such a strong association with cancer risk, with smoking, that we were able to say through association that smoking causes lung cancer.

顺便说一下，英国皮肤科医生理查德·韦勒去年刚完成了一项与瑞典研究非常相似的研究，只是规模大了10倍，而且同时涵盖了男性和女性。

By the way, Richard Weller, who's a dermatologist in England, did just last year a very similar study as to the Swedish study, except it was 10 times bigger, and he did it with both men and women.

他得出了相同的结果。

He found the same results.

这是一项英国生物银行的研究。

It was a UK biobank study.

他发现了什么？

What did he discover?

他发现无论是通过日光浴还是户外活动，利用太阳辐射数据，他都能通过问卷和居住地信息证明：人们接触的光线越多，癌症死亡率风险就越低。

He discovered that either from solariums or being outside using solar radiation data, he was able to show both on their questionnaire and also where they lived, that the more light that they had, the lower their risk of mortality cancer mortality.

所以问题是：这会增加黑色素瘤风险吗？

So the question was, does it increase melanoma?

什么是黑色素瘤？

What's melanoma?

黑色素瘤是一种皮肤癌。

Melanoma is a skin cancer.

这就是最大的风险。

So that's the big risk.

这是所有人都担心的大问题。

That's the big risk that everybody is concerned about.

你晒太阳就会得皮肤癌。

You go out into the sun, you're going to get skin cancer.

他能够在这项研究中证明，这项英国生物库研究（Richard Weller主持）涵盖了约三四十万参与者。

And he was able to show in that study, this was like three hundred four hundred thousand people in this study, UK Biobank study, Richard Weller.

他的研究表明，黑色素瘤发病率没有统计学意义上的增加风险，但非皮肤癌死亡率有所降低。

He was able to show that there was no statistical increased risk of melanoma incidence, but there was a reduction in non skin cancer mortality.

好的，这就是权衡点。

Okay, so here's the trade off.

如果你在英格兰晒太阳，好处是非皮肤癌死亡率会降低。

If you want to go out into the sun in England, the benefits are you're going to have a reduction in non skin cancer mortality.

所以除了皮肤癌以外的所有癌症。

So everything other than skin cancer.

正确。

Correct.

另一方面，黑色素瘤发病率并未增加。

On the other hand, there's no increase in melanoma incidence.

这促使他撰写并发表了一篇专栏文章。

So that caused him to write an op ed and publish it.

事实上，你可以查阅这篇专栏文章。

Actually, you can look up this op ed.

这是一篇很棒的专栏。

It's a great op ed.

它发表在《Journal of Investigative Dermatology》上，题为《Time for a Rethink》，他在文中详细阐述了相关论点。

It published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology called Time for a Rethink, where he goes through the arguments.

他已经实际证明，全球各地的人们正在做出许多改变。

And he's actually shown, and there's been a number of changes that people are making around the globe.

现在有些公共卫生组织表示，虽然我们过去常说太阳是致命激光，应该不惜一切代价避开它。

So public health organizations that are saying now, you know, before we have said that, you know, the sun is a deadly laser, and you should avoid it at all costs.

我们可能需要重新思考这个观点。

We may need to rethink that.

所以你的意思是，每天在阳光下待十五分钟基本上能激活我体内的某个开关，改善线粒体功能，从而影响我健康的多个方面？

So you're telling me that essentially fifteen minutes in the sun every day turns on a switch in my body that improves my mitochondrial function, which is going to impact a variety of different parts of my health.

这基本上就是你想表达的吗？

Is that essentially what you're saying?

基本上，是的。

Essentially, yes.

而且这是在我们在户外度过的时间越来越少的环境下。

And this is in an environment where we are spending less and less and less time.

举个例子，如果我们身处三百年前的英国船只上，我过来跟你说：看到这个黄色的小水果了吗？

Put it in perspective, if we were on a British ship three hundred years ago, and I came to you and I said, do you see this little yellow fruit?

只要吃一点点这个黄色水果，你周围看到的船员们患的这些疾病都会消失。

Just by eating a little bit of this yellow fruit, all of this disease that you're seeing around you with your fellow shipmates is gonna go away.

这听起来简直难以置信。

That that would seem almost incredulous.

对吧？

Right?

嗯。

Mhmm.

但事实正是如此。

But that's exactly the case.

二十一世纪的坏血病正是缺乏阳光导致的。

We are the scurvy of the twenty first century is the lack of sunlight.

所有活动都在室内进行。

Everything is inside.

我们回避户外活动。

We avoid the outside.

我们回避不适感。

We avoid discomfort.

我们回避高温环境。

We avoid high temperatures.

我们回避低温环境。

We avoid low temperatures.

过去我们常外出运动。

We used to go out and play sports.

如今却在平板上玩虚拟运动。

We now are playing virtual sports on pads.

我们的窗户经过特殊设计，尤其是在南加州这里，专门用来阻隔红外线。

We have windows that are specifically designed, especially here in Southern California, to eliminate infrared lights.

为什么呢？

Because why?

因为红外线一旦进入室内，就会导致温度上升。

Infrared lights comes in and it heats up.

关于红外线有个有趣的现象我们没提到，那就是我们与红外线的互动方式。

One of the interesting things, we didn't mention this about infrared light, is the way that we interact with infrared light.

你可以亲自验证这一点。

You can tell this on your own.

你走到户外闭上眼睛。

You go outside and close your eyes.

你能感知到太阳在你身体的哪一侧。

You can tell which side of your body the sun is on.

这是因为红外线不仅能穿透你的身体，还能轻易穿透衣物。

And the reason is is because that infrared light not only can penetrate through your body, it's also penetrating through clothes very easily.

你能感受到这一点。

And you can feel that.

你所感受到的热量，正是红外线穿透衣物和皮肤，与皮下深处的热感受器相互作用的结果。

That that heat that you're feeling is the infrared light going through this going through the clothes, going through the skin, and interacting with your heat receptors that are well below the surface.

所以这一切。

So all of this.

好了，各位。

Alright, guys.

我想我接到史蒂夫了。

I think I got Steve.

客人已经到了。

The guest is here.

准备好了吗？

Ready?

请进。

Come in.

天啊。

Oh my god.

你在干什么？

What are you doing?

这是Boncharge面膜。

This is Boncharge face mask.

它对瑕疵、皱纹有好处，还能清洁皮肤。

It's good for blemishes, wrinkles, clears up the skin.

这是红光。

It's red light.

你以前没用过吗？

Have you not used it before?

没有。

No.

以前从没试过这个。

Never tried this before.

它真的非常非常好用。

It's really, really good.

它用红光照射你的脸部，有助于促进胶原蛋白的生成。

It shines red light on your face, which helps increase and boost collagen production.

其实是我太太让我知道这个的。

I actually found it out because of the missus.

看到她戴着它，连续几个晚上都把我吓得不轻。

Seeing her wearing it, she terrified me a couple of nights in a row.

我原以为这是用来吓人的，但实际上对皮肤真的非常非常好。

I thought it was to scare people with, but actually, it's really, really good for your skin.

所以他们是播客的赞助商，而且我已经坚持每天使用大约一年半了。

So they are a sponsor of the podcast, and, I've been using it every day for about a year and a half now.

哇。

Wow.

你要试试看。

You're going.

哇，史蒂夫。

Wow, Steve.

我要走了。

I'm going.

那太棒了。

That's great.

是的。

Yes.

而且，Boncharge全球配送，提供便捷退货服务，所有产品享有一年质保。

And, Boncharge ships worldwide with easy returns and a year long warranty on all of their products.

请访问bondcharge.com/diary，全场商品可享25%折扣。

So visit bondcharge.com/diary for 25% off on any product site wide.

但你必须通过该链接下单。

But you have to order through that link.

网址是bondcharge.com/diary，优惠码diary。

That's bondcharge.com/diary with code diary.

无论你是刚入行的新手还是已在税务和簿记行业工作多年，如果你想加入一个致力于你学习与成长的资深专业团队，我们的赞助商Intuit——TurboTax和QuickBooks的开发者，将为你提供真正的职业机遇。

Whether you are a novice you've been in the tax and bookkeeping industry for years, if you want to work with an experienced team of professionals who are invested in your learning and growth, there's a real career opportunity with our sponsor Intuit, the maker of TurboTax and QuickBooks.

他们的自主学习平台Intuit Academy为你提供了一条获取必要技能的途径，让你在拓展税务和簿记职业时充满信心，而且他们的团队支持力度极大，拥有庞大的资深持证专业人士网络，随时在你学习与积累经验时提供帮助。

Their self paced training Intuit Academy presents you with a pathway to gain the necessary skills that you'll need to feel confident expanding your career within tax and bookkeeping, and their team is extremely supportive too, with a large network of experienced credentialed professionals right by your side as you learn and gain experience.

除了这些技能提升机会，他们还提供灵活的工作安排，无论是全职、兼职、远程、现场办公，甚至允许你自选工作时间，按照自己的节奏成长。

On top of all of this upskilling, they also offer flexible working schedules, whether that's full time, part time, virtual, on-site or even letting you select your hours to grow at the pace that you want to grow at.

Intuit目前正在扩大其税务和簿记专业人才网络，如果你想按照自己的条件与他们共建职业生涯，只需访问intuit.com/expert，我会把链接打在屏幕上，就是intuit.com/expert。

Intuit is currently growing their network of tax and bookkeeping professionals, so if you want to build a career with them on your own terms just head to intuit.com/expert I'll put that on the screen that's intuit.com/expert.

普通美国人和英国人在室内的时间平均有多长？

How long does the average American spend indoors, the average Brit spend indoors?

好问题。

Good question.

两者几乎相同。

They're almost identical.

我觉得英国人在户外的时间比美国人稍多一些。

I think the Brits spend a little bit more time outside than Americans.

美国人上次的数据是93%，英国人是92%。

The last number for Americans was 93%, and Brits was 92%.

我们生来就该待在户外吗？

Were we born to be outside?

我想是的。

I think so.

你认为我们的祖先可能大部分时间都在户外度过。

You think our ancestors probably spent a huge amount of time outside.

没错。

Yeah.

当我说户外时，这也涉及到我们还没讨论过的其他几个新字母开头的话题。

If you think about when I say outside, that also brings into play a number of other of the new start letters that we haven't talked about.

锻炼。

Exercise.

你在户外更有可能进行良好的锻炼。

You're much more likely to do good exercise outside.

你在户外更有可能呼吸到新鲜空气。

You're much more likely to get air.

户外空气才是真正优质的空气。

That's that's the right type of air outside.

关于红外线的另一个要点是，树木对红外线具有高度反射性。

The other aspect about infrared light briefly is that trees are highly reflective of infrared light.

换句话说，在有树木的环境中，你能获得比更多这种有益的红外线，相比身处混凝土丛林。

In other words, if you're in an environment where there are trees are present, you're gonna get much more of this beneficial infrared light than if you're in a concrete jungle.

植物喜欢这样的环境。

So plants like this.

事实上，我们监测亚马逊森林砍伐的方式，就是通过卫星成像观察红外线反射情况。

In fact, the way that we measure deforestation of the Amazon is through satellite imaging that looks at infrared light because it reflects infrared light back.

因此最理想的状态，就是在绿树成荫的户外度过时光。

So the best situation to be in is to be outside on a day where there's lots of green trees.

户外活动时，我们

We've

知道

known

几十年来我们已经知道，居住在绿地环境中的人在糖尿病、高血压、死亡率等所有方面都表现更好

for decades that people who live in green spaces do much better in terms of diabetes, do much better in terms of hypertension, mortality, all of these

这些

things.

抑郁症

Depression.

抑郁症，所有这些方面，是的

Depression, all of these things, yeah.

当你思考这一点时，你提出了一个关于相关性的问题

And when you think about this, you bring up a point in terms of correlation.

我们怎么知道这不是抑郁症？

How do we know it's not depression?

我们过去常说，住在绿地的人更有钱

We used to say, well, people who live in green spaces have more money.

这些人确实能获得更多资源。

The people have they have more access to things.

也许这就是我们所观察到的现象。

Maybe that's what we're seeing.

我必须告诉你这项研究。

I just have to tell you this study.

在肯塔基州南路易斯维尔有个名为'绿色心脏'的研究项目。

There was something called the Green Heart Study in South Louisville, Kentucky.

他们做了件了不起的事。

They did an amazing thing.

他们选取了肯塔基州南路易斯维尔四平方英里的城区，测量了每个人的超敏C反应蛋白水平。

They took this four square mile area in South Louisville, Kentucky, urbanized area, and they measured everybody's HSCRP.

什么是HSCRP？

What is HSCRP?

高敏C反应蛋白。

Highly sensitive C reactive protein.

它是炎症的标志物，与中风和心脏病发作等不良事件相关。

It's a marker of inflammation and it's been correlated to bad things like stroke and heart attack.

所以如果你的CRP水平高，那可不是好事。

So if you have high levels of CRP, that's not good.

他们测量了大约700人的数据。

So they measured about 700 people.

然后他们做了一件非凡的事。

And then they did something extraordinary.

他们购买了8000棵成熟树木，挖坑栽种，将8000棵树种植在这四平方英里的区域内。

They purchased 8,000 mature trees, dug holes, and planted 8,000 trees into four square mile area.

这些都是带叶子的树。

And these are trees with leaves on them.

两年后，他们回来重新测量研究中所有700人的HRCRP水平，结果下降了13%到20%，这相当于中风风险降低了约10%到15%。

Two years later, they come back and they measure all 700 people in their study, repeat the HRCRP, dropped by thirteen to 20%, which correlated to about a 10 to 15% reduction in strokes.

这些人的社会经济地位并未改变。

These people didn't change their socioeconomic status.

他们并未实施任何锻炼计划。

They didn't institute an exercise program.

因此，这实际上从根本上动摇了我们关于绿色空间优势源于其他未测量因素的观点。

And so really, it kind of shoots in the heart the idea that the advantage that we see with green spaces has to do with something else that we're not measuring.

其实我相信我们也会谈到新鲜空气，比如这些植物，但规模要大得多。

I actually believe that we'll talk about fresh air too, that things like these plants, but much bigger.

这有点像盆栽植物。

This is kind of like a bonsai plant.

但户外的树木确实有益处。

But trees outside, they actually have a benefit.

它们所代表的，是那些不依赖身体其他部分的事物，却能通过连锁反应放大整体效益。

And what they represent, again, is these things that don't leverage the other parts of your body in terms of the chains that make all of the chains bigger because they're they're they're having a benefit.

但如果你待在室内，就无法获得这种益处。

But you can't get the benefit of this if you're inside a house.

那么针对这一点，我该在生活中做出哪些改变来充分利用它呢？

So what should we do about this in terms of how what changes should I make in my life to capitalize on this?

这个品牌叫做Boncharge。

This is a this brand here is called Boncharge.

他们生产这些产品。

They do these Yeah.

这些红光设备。

These red light devices.

他们有红光桑拿、毯子和面罩之类的产品。

They do, like, red light saunas, blankets, masks.

他们其实是我的赞助商，因为我开始使用这个产品后，他们可能发现了。

They're actually a sponsor of mine because I I started wearing this, and I think they they found out.

我开始使用是因为我女朋友。

And I started wearing it because of my girlfriend.

对。

Yeah.

她每天都用，我就好奇了。

And she was wearing it every day, I got curious.

于是就像往常一样，我一开始总是持极度怀疑态度。

And so I as I always do, I'm always super skeptical.

确实。

Sure.

所以我上网查阅了一些研究资料，结果让我大吃一惊。

So I went on online and started looking at some of the research, and I was shocked.

是啊。

Yeah.

从直觉上讲，我完全无法理解一个红光面罩或任何红光设备能对我的健康产生——在我看来——如此深远的影响。

It made no intuitive sense to me that a a red light mask or any, like, red light device could have a profound like, what I see as a profound impact on my health.

就像，我最初根本不相信这事。

Like, I didn't believe it Yes.

一开始确实不信。

To start with.

没错。

Yes.