最高法院FTC案、ACA延期投票、泽连斯基访问伦敦

最高法院审理一宗可能大幅扩大总统权力的案件。

The supreme court hears a case that could significantly expand presidential power.

如果法院支持特朗普政府，将意味着总统可以解雇独立机构负责人。

If the court sides with the Trump administration, it would mean presidents could fire heads of independent agencies.

这样的裁决会动摇联邦政府的稳定吗？

Would a ruling like this destabilize the federal government?

我是莱拉·法尔丁。

I'm Leila Faldin.

这是艾米·马丁内斯，这里是NPR新闻的《Up First》节目。

That's Amy Martinez, and this is Up First from NPR News.

如果国会不采取行动，数百万依赖政府医疗补贴的人年底可能会面临保费飙升。

Millions of people who rely on government subsidized health care could see their premiums skyrocket at the end of the year if congress does not act.

参议院将于本周进行投票。

Senators will vote this week.

或许没有一个问题比这更关乎美国民众的负担能力。

There is perhaps no single question that has greater stakes for affordability in America.

但立法者能否在补贴到期前达成协议？

But can lawmakers strike a deal before the subsidies expire?

乌克兰总统今日在伦敦会晤英国、法国和德国领导人。

And Ukraine's president is in London today to meet with the leaders of Britain, France, and Germany.

欧洲正抵制特朗普总统和平计划中的某些让步，但他们实际能有多大影响力？

Europe is pushing back against some concessions in president Trump's peace plan, but how much influence do they actually have?

请继续关注我们。

Stay with us.

我们将为您带来开启一天所需的新闻资讯。

We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

最高法院今日将审理一宗可能大幅扩张总统权力并削弱部分监管机构权力的案件。

The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments today in a case that could vastly expand the president's power and erode the power of some regulatory agencies.

法院的保守派多数已表现出允许这种情况发生的倾向。

The conservative majority on the court has already signaled a willingness to let that happen.

NPR的安德烈娅·许将为我们解析。

NPR's Andrea Hsu is here to explain.

今天法庭上可是个大日子，安德莉亚。

So big day in court, Andrea.

告诉我们这个案件的核心内容是什么。

Tell us, what this case is all about.

是的。

Yeah.

这个案件始于丽贝卡·斯劳特的解雇事件。

Well, this case started with the firing of Rebecca Slaughter.

她曾是联邦贸易委员会的民主党籍委员。

She was a Democratic commissioner on the Federal Trade Commission.

该独立机构的主要职责是保护消费者免受不正当竞争侵害。

That's the independent agency tasked with protecting consumers from unfair competition.

今年三月，她收到白宫邮件通知被免职，并非因为任何不当行为，而是因其继续任职与特朗普总统的施政重点不符。

And back in March, she got an email from the White House informing her that she was being removed from office, not because of any wrongdoing, but because her continued service was inconsistent with president Trump's priorities.

她提起诉讼称总统无权解雇她，因为联邦法律明确规定只有在效率低下、玩忽职守或职务不端的情况下才能罢免FTC委员。

She sued saying the president can't fire her because federal law clearly states that FTC commissioners can only be removed for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.

好的。

Okay.

那总统没有指控斯劳特女士涉及这些行为吗？

And the president didn't accuse slaughter of any of these things?

没有。

No.

下级法院也认为她不能被解雇。

And the lower court agreed that she couldn't be fired.

法官援引了1935年最高法院对'汉弗莱执行人案'的判决。

The judge cited a nineteen thirty five supreme court decision called Humphrey's executor.

那个案件涉及一位因政策分歧被罗斯福解雇的联邦贸易委员会专员。

And a, that case involved an FTC commissioner who was fired by FDR over policy disagreements.

因此法院一致裁定，总统没有宪法赋予的权力以法律允许之外的理由解雇专员。

So the court ruled unanimously that the president has no constitutional power to remove the commissioner for reasons other than those allowed by law.

法院给出的理由是联邦贸易委员会的职责本质上并非纯行政性质，而主要是司法和立法性质的。

The reason they said was because the FTC's duties are not purely executive in nature, but actually predominantly judicial and legislative.

我快速算了一下，安德里亚。

I did some quick math, Andrea.

那是九十年前的事了，那个1935年的案例。

That was ninety years ago, that case, that 1935 case.

那为什么现在又要重新辩论这个问题？

So why is it being debated all over again now?

简而言之，因为特朗普政府认为最高法院在1935年判错了。

Well, in short, because the Trump administration thinks the Supreme Court got it wrong back in 1935.

他们辩称联邦贸易委员会不仅从事司法和立法工作，当时也确实行使了行政权力，而今天更是如此。

They argue that the FTC wasn't just doing judicial and legislative work, that it did exercise executive power back then and far more so today.

他们认为宪法明确规定总统掌握所有行政权力。

And they say the constitution spells out clearly that the president holds all the executive power.

是的。

Yes.

他依赖协助他的官员，包括联邦贸易委员会等独立机构，但他必须能够罢免其中阻碍他施政的人。

He relies on officers who assist him, including at independent agencies like the FTC, but he must be able to remove those among them who stand in his way.

否则，他如何对选举他的民众负责？

Otherwise, how could he be accountable to the people who elected him?

今年秋天早些时候，我就此与詹姆斯·伯纳姆交谈过。

I spoke with James Burnham about this earlier this fall.

他是一名律师，曾在两届特朗普政府中任职。

He's an attorney who served in both Trump administrations.

我认为免职保护从一开始就是违宪的。

I think the removal protections have been unconstitutional from the beginning.

我不认为存在所谓的独立机构。

I don't think there is such a thing as an independent agency.

那么请告诉我们，被解职的联邦贸易委员会专员将向法庭提出什么论点？

So tell us then about the argument that the fired FTC commissioner will bring to court.

斯劳特对政府解读宪法的方式提出了异议。

Well, slaughter takes issue with the administration's reading of the constitution.

以下是她上周告诉我的内容。

Here's what she told me last week.

宪法并没有规定总统在任期内可以为所欲为。

The constitution does not say the president must do whatever he wants when he's in office.

宪法规定总统必须确保国会通过的法律得到忠实执行。

It says he must take care that the laws passed by congress be faithfully executed.

她指出，包括那些规定总统只能因故撤职官员的法律。

Including, she says, laws that say the president can only remove officers for cause.

她表示，自罗斯福总统以来，历任总统都认同这一制度安排，直到现在。

She says all the presidents since FDR have agreed with this setup until now.

上周五，华盛顿特区巡回上诉法院维持了对另外两名独立机构成员的解雇决定，涉及功绩制保护委员会和国家劳工关系委员会。

Now a, on Friday, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the firings of two other independent agency members, the Merit Systems Protection Board and the National Labor Relations Board.

法院认为，由于这些机构行使重要的行政权力，1935年的总统法案并不适用。

The court found that because those agencies wield significant executive powers, the 1935 president doesn't apply.

好的。

Alright.

那么我们还需要关注哪些方面？

So what else should we be listening for?

嗯，可能会讨论另一个独立机构——联邦储备委员会。

Well, there will probably be talk about another independent agency, the Federal Reserve.

要知道，许多人警告说，如果最高法院裁定总统可以任意理由解雇联邦贸易委员会委员，那么他也能解雇美联储成员，这将导致经济陷入混乱。

You know, many people have warned that if the Supreme Court says the president can fire FTC commissioners for any reason, then he can also fire members of the Fed, which would send the economy into chaos.

目前最高法院的保守派大法官们称美联储是一个结构独特、历史特殊的准私营实体，暗示可能会为其制定特殊豁免条款。

Now conservative justices on the Supreme Court have called the Fed a uniquely structured quasi private entity with a distinct history, suggesting they might create a special carve out.

实际上还有一个关于此事的独立案件，法院将在本月晚些时候审理。

There's actually a whole separate case on this, which the court will hear later this month.

这里是NPR的安德鲁·舒。

That's NPR's Andrew Shu.

非常感谢。

Thanks a lot.

不客气。

You're welcome.

疫情期间推出的增强版医疗补贴将于本月到期，除非国会迅速采取行动。

The enhanced health care subsidies that were created during the COVID pandemic will expire at the end of the month unless congress acts quickly.

加州共和党人凯文·基利表示，现在是两党合作避免保费大幅上涨的时候了。

California Republican Kevin Kiley says it's time for both parties to work together to avoid major spikes in premiums.

或许没有任何问题比解决这些税收抵免到期问题更能影响美国未来一年的经济可负担性。

There is perhaps no single question that has greater stakes for affordability in America in the coming year than doing something about the expiration of these tax credits.

那么过去几周两党针对这些补贴采取了什么行动？

So what have the parties done in the last few weeks about those subsidies?

NPR国会记者黛尔德丽·沃尔什一直在关注此事。

NPR congressional correspondent Deirdre Walsh has been watching.

所以，迪尔德丽，作为上个月结束政府停摆协议的一部分，民主党人获得了参议院对医疗保健法案的投票承诺。

So, Deirdre, as part of the deal to end the shutdown last month, democrats were promised a senate vote on health care.

他们将提出什么方案？

What will they be presenting?

嗯，目前还没有两党协议。

Well, there is no bipartisan deal.

所以民主党上周提出了自己的计划，即将现有税收抵免政策延长三年，本周四将就此进行投票。

So Democrats rolled out their own plan last week, which is a three year extension of the existing tax credits, and there's gonna be a vote on Thursday on that.

参议院少数党领袖查克·舒默表示所有民主党人都会投票支持该计划。

Senate minority leader Chuck Schumer says all Democrats are gonna vote for that.

他说共和党人无法就自己的任何计划达成一致，目前摆在桌面上的唯一选择就是直接通过这项延期方案。

He says Republicans can't agree on any plan of their own, and the only option on the table right now is to pass this straight extension.

民主党人正努力降低医疗成本。

Democrats are fighting to lower health care costs.

共和党人则陷入内斗。

Republicans are fighting with one another.

但民主党的方案预计无法获得在参议院推进所需的60票。

But the Democrats' plan is not expected to get the 60 votes needed to advance in the Senate.

好的。

Okay.

那么参议院共和党人想要什么？

So what do Senate Republicans want?

他们意见分歧。

Well, they're split.

部分共和党人确实支持延长补贴政策。

Some Republicans do back extending the subsidies.

要知道，目前有2400万人依赖这些补贴，但共和党议员表示需要设定某种收入门槛来限制补贴受益人群，并进行一些改革。

You know, 24,000,000 people currently rely on them, but GOP lawmakers say there needs to be some kind of income cats to limit who gets these subsidies and some reforms.

参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩驳回了民主党提出的三年延期方案。

Senate majority leader John Thune dismissed the three year extension that Democrats are proposing.

他表示这不是一个严肃的提案。

He says it's not a serious proposal.

路易斯安那州共和党人比尔·卡西迪正敦促图恩和共和党领导人就其提案进行投票表决。

Louisiana Republican Bill Cassidy is pushing Thune and Republican leaders to allow a vote on his proposal.

该提案将重新分配政府用于补贴ACA计划的资金，改为直接发放给消费者并建立医疗储蓄账户。

That would redirect money the government spends to subsidize ACA plans and instead give them directly to consumers and set up health care savings accounts.

卡西迪在《福克斯周日新闻》上讨论过这个方案。

Cassidy talked about this on Fox News Sunday.

我们希望提供额外选择——既能降低保费，又能让账户里有资金帮你支付医疗费用。

We wanna give an additional choice, one in which your premium is lower and that you have money in an account to help pay for it.

所以桑恩尚未决定共和党是否会提出替代方案进行投票。

So Thune hasn't decided if the Republicans are even gonna put up an alternative for a vote.

即使共和党真的推进类似卡西迪的计划，该方案在参议院也缺乏足够的支持票数。

Even if Republicans do move forward with something like Cassidy's plan, that doesn't have the votes to advance in the senate either.

要知道，这些正在演变为表态性质的投票。

You know, these are shaping up to be messaging votes.

目前各方并未就真正能成为法律的方案达成一致。

Right now, there's not an effort to get agreement on something that can actually become law.

好的。

Okay.

那么众议院方面呢？

So what about the house?

众议院议长迈克·约翰逊计划本周提出一项医疗保健法案。

Well, house speaker Mike Johnson is planning to release a health care bill this week.

他承诺本月进行投票，但我们尚未获悉具体内容细节，且他并未与任何民主党人进行协商。

He's promising a vote this month, but we don't have any details on what's gonna be in it, and he's not negotiating with any Democrats.

和参议院共和党人一样，众议院共和党内部也存在分歧。

Like senate Republicans, house Republicans are also divided.

有些人支持卡西迪提到的健康储蓄账户方案，但也有一些来自摇摆选区的众议院共和党人正与民主党合作推动法案。

Some like the health savings account approach Cassidy's talking about, but there are other house Republicans from swing districts who are teaming up with Democrats to push bills.

他们呼吁将这些补贴延长一两年，同时进行一些改革。

They call for one or two year extensions of these subsidies with some reforms.

我们已经讨论了参议院和众议院的情况。

So we've talked about the senate and the house.

那白宫方面呢？

What about the White House?

总统在这场辩论中持什么立场？

Where is the president, on this debate?

目前总统基本上处于观望状态。

Well, the president has mostly been on the sidelines.

上周我与一些竞争激烈选区的共和党人交谈时，他们表示已主动联系总统和白宫，讨论政策及政治层面需要以某种形式延长这些补贴的问题，但特朗普总统尚未支持任何具体立法。

You know, some Republicans from competitive districts I talked to last week say they've reached out to him and the White House to talk about the policy and the politics about the need to extend these subsidies in some form, but president Trump has not endorsed any legislation.

两党成员在一个问题上达成共识。

Members of both parties agree on one thing.

如果特朗普不尽快 Republican, 不尽快处理达成, 这些医疗保险费的重大上涨将在明年一月发生, 而且肯定会成为2026年中期选举的重要议题。

If Trump doesn't get involved to negotiate some kind of deal soon, these major increases in health care premiums are gonna happen in January, and they will definitely be a major issue in the twenty twenty six midterms.

这里是NPR的Deirdre Walsh。

That's NPR's Deirdre Walsh.

希望那些不是狼在敲门, Deirdre, 只是狗。

Hopefully, those are not wolves at your door, Deirdre, just dogs.

感谢您的时间。

Thanks for your time.

谢谢。

Thank you.

特朗普总统正在重复一个熟悉的模式。

President Trump is repeating a familiar pattern.

他提出了一项和平计划来结束俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争。

He suggests a peace plan to end Russia's war in Ukraine.

他或他的谈判代表先与一方交谈，再与另一方交谈，在与俄罗斯会谈后，他将乌克兰总统泽连斯基置于尴尬境地。

He or his negotiators talk to one side then the other, and after talking to Russia, he puts president Volodymyr Zelenskyy on the spot.

以下是特朗普周日晚在肯尼迪中心对记者说的话。

Here's what Trump told reporters Sunday night at the Kennedy Center.

我认为俄罗斯对此没有意见，但我不确定泽连斯基是否同意。

Russia is, I believe, fine with it, but, I'm not sure that Zelensky is fine with it.

他的人民喜欢这个方案，但他本人还没看过。

His people love it, but he hasn't read it.

乌克兰官员一直呼吁修改白宫的提案，他们认为该提案偏袒俄罗斯，甚至可能是俄方起草的。

Ukrainian officials have been calling for changes to that White House proposal, which they see as favoring perhaps even written by Russia.

NPR的劳伦·弗雷尔正在伦敦报道，泽连斯基正在那里与部分欧洲盟友会晤。

NPR's Lauren Freyer is in London where Zelensky is meeting with some of his European allies.

劳伦，泽连斯基称周末与特朗普特使史蒂夫·维特科夫及其女婿贾里德·库什纳的会谈'具有建设性，尽管并不轻松'——但今天在伦敦的气氛可能大不相同。

So Lauren Zelensky called the weekend talks with a president Trump special envoy Steve Witkoff and his son-in-law Jared Kushner, quote, constructive, though not easy today in London, though, might be much different.

要友好得多。

Much friendlier.

泽连斯基今天与英国、法国和德国的领导人会面。

Zelensky's meeting today with leaders of Britain, France, Germany.

这三个国家是他最大的支持者，顺便说一句，它们也是除美国外北约预算最高的三个国家。它们正领导一个自愿联盟，通过援助、武器，甚至可能在未来达成和平协议时派遣法英维和部队来帮助保卫乌克兰。

They're three of his biggest supporters, the three NATO countries with the biggest budgets besides The US, incidentally, and they're leading a coalition of the willing to help, defend Ukraine with aid, with weapons, possibly even with French and British peacekeepers on the ground if and when there is a peace deal.

我咨询了欧亚集团欧洲区总经理穆杰塔巴·拉赫曼。

I asked Mujtaba Rahman, the Europe managing director at the Eurasia Group.

这是一家风险评估公司。

It's a risk analysis firm.

他表示今天会议的目的是

And he said the goal of today's meetings is

让各国领导人拥抱泽连斯基，表明欧洲依然坚定支持乌克兰及其立场，并在实质内容上逐步向乌克兰和欧洲的立场靠拢。

For leaders to put their arms around Zelensky to demonstrate that Europe remains very supportive of Ukraine in the Ukraine position and then to inch the substance, more closely to the Ukrainian and the European position.

这正是你提到的欧洲领导人团结支持乌克兰模式的下一步行动。

And this is the next step of that pattern you mentioned, a European leaders rallying behind Ukraine.

上周晚些时候，特朗普政府发布了一份修订版的国家安全战略，其中多次提及欧洲。

Now late last week, the Trump administration published a a revised national security strategy, which referenced Europe quite a bit.

而且，劳伦，这似乎让很多人感到担忧。

And and, Lauren, it seems like it's got a lot of people worried.

这让欧洲许多领导人不寒而栗，因为它声称移民正导致欧洲文明被抹除，并暗示美国将支持这里的极右翼政党。

It sent chills down the backs of many leaders in Europe because it said immigration is leading to civilizational erasure in Europe, and it suggested that The US would support far right parties here.

或许最具揭示性的是，克里姆林宫发言人赞扬了这份文件，称其符合俄罗斯总统普京的愿景。

And perhaps most tellingly, the Kremlin spokesperson praised this document and said that it is in line with Russian president Vladimir Putin's vision.

因此这份文件加剧了欧洲本就存在的疑虑——特朗普政府无论是在总体立场上，还是在乌克兰谈判中，都更倾向于俄罗斯而非其传统的欧洲盟友。

And so this document has sort of fueled suspicion already existing here in Europe that the Trump administration is more aligned with Russia than its longtime allies in the rest of Europe, both in general and in these Ukraine talks.

好的。

Okay.

那么这对美国与欧洲的关系意味着什么？对欧洲在这些谈判中的角色又有什么影响？

So then what does this then say about The US relationship with Europe as well and also maybe the role of Europe in these negotiations?

是的。

Yeah.

这是又一个熟悉的模式。

It's another familiar pattern.

模式。

Pattern.

要知道，欧洲各国正在为争取谈判席位而努力，而特朗普政府基本上对他们置之不理。

You know, Europeans are fighting for a seat at the negotiating table here, and the Trump administration has been largely ignoring them.

就在上周，一家德国杂志刊登了一份欧洲领导人电话会议的泄露记录，法国总统马克龙等人在其中表示担心美国会在谈判中背叛乌克兰。

I mean, last week, a German magazine published a leaked transcript of a phone call among European leaders in which, French president Macron and others said they're worried that The US will betray Ukraine in these talks.

而这些谈判事关欧洲的安全。

And these are talks that involve European security.

我是说，英国表示过去两年俄罗斯潜艇侵入其水域的次数增加了30%。

I mean, The UK says Russian submarine incursions into its own waters have jumped 30% in the past two years.

所以现在欧洲正忙着自筹国防资金，这些防御原本很大程度上自二战以来都是由美国保障的，但在特朗普政府时期已不再如此。

So you've got Europe scrambling to fund its own defense now, defense that was largely sort of guaranteed by The US since World War two, and that's no longer the case under the Trump administration.

这是NPR的劳伦·弗雷尔在伦敦的报道。

That's NPR's Lauren Freyer in London.

非常感谢。

Thanks a lot.

不客气。

You're welcome.

以上就是12月8日星期一的《晨间速递》内容。

And that's Up for Monday, December 8.

我是艾米·马丁内斯。

I'm Amy Martinez.

我是莱拉·法德尔。

And I'm Leila Faldel.

您能收听到《晨间速递》的新闻，全赖像您这样的听众支持。

The news you hear on Up First is possible because of support from listeners like you.

当您向当地NPR电台捐赠时，就是在支持国内外一线记者的工作。

When you give to your local NPR station, you help keep journalists on the ground here at home and around the world.

您可以通过donate.npr.org/upfirst进行捐赠。

You can make a donation at donate.npr.org/upfirst.

想获取更多新闻和访谈，请收听我们的广播节目《晨间版》。

And for more news and conversations, listen to our radio show, morning edition.

您可以在当地NPR电台或npr.org上收听。

You can find it on your local NPR station or at npr.org.

本期《Up First》节目由Krishanav Kalimore、Dana Farrington、Miguel Masias、Mohamed El Bardisi和HJ Mai编辑。

Today's episode of Up First was edited by Krishanav Kalimore, Dana Farrington, Miguel Masias, Mohamed El Bardisi, and HJ Mai.

节目由Katie Klein、Nia Damas和Christopher Thomas制作。

It was produced by Katie Klein, Nia Damas, and Christopher Thomas.

我们得到了Stacy Abbott的工程支持，技术总监是Carly Strange。

Got We engineering support from Stacy Abbott, and our technical director is Carly Strange.

明天再会。

Join us again tomorrow.

想听无广告插播的播客吗？

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks?

亚马逊Prime会员可通过Amazon Music收听无广告版《Up First》，您也可以支持NPR的重要新闻报道，在plus.npr.org订阅《Up First Plus》。

Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at plus.npr.org.

网址是plus.npr.org。

That's plus.npr.org.