快速决定，公开注册，电价上涨

特朗普政府今日暂停了美国的SNAP食品福利计划，这是这项反饥饿项目六十年来首次中断。

The Trump administration suspended SNAP food benefits in The US today, the first time since the anti hunger program began sixty years ago.

那么恢复该计划的方案是什么？我是斯科特·西蒙。

And so what is the plan to bring it back? I'm Scott Simon.

我是阿伊莎·罗斯科。这里是NPR新闻的《晨间要闻》。正值开放投保季，如果您没有通过工作或医疗保险获得保障，现在是时候选购保险了。

And I'm Ayesha Roscoe. This is Up First from NPR News. It's open enrollment season. If you're not insured through your job or Medicare, it's time to go shopping for coverage.

但由于保费上涨和政府停摆，今年的投保将有所不同。我们将为您详解。

But with higher premium costs and a government shutdown, signing up this year will be different. We'll tell you how.

电价上涨在新泽西和弗吉尼亚州引发民愤，并成为下周州长选举的影响因素。

The rising cost of electricity has sparked anger in New Jersey and Virginia and is becoming factor in next week's elections for governor.

这种不满情绪正在全国蔓延。请继续收听，我们将为您带来开启周末所需的新闻资讯。

And the frustration is sending a current through the country. Please stay with us. We've got the news you need to start your weekend.

本信息由全球汇款应用Wise为您呈现。使用Wise管理资金，您始终享受中间市场汇率且无隐藏费用。立即加入数百万用户行列，访问wyze.com。条款适用。

This message comes from Wise, the app for using money around the globe. When you manage your money with Wise, you'll always get the mid market exchange rate with no hidden fees. Join millions of customers and visit wyze.com. Ts and cs apply.

本消息来自《Dateline》原创播客《致命婚约》。跟随Josh Mankowicz讲述这个关于性、谎言与背叛的扭曲故事，真相将让你猜至最后一刻。现在搜索'致命婚约'即可订阅。本消息来自《修正历史》节目。在关于阿拉巴马州谋杀案的七集系列中，节目聚焦Kenny Smith案，该案件曾引发死刑辩论的核心争议。

This message comes from the Dateline original podcast, deadly engagement. Join Josh Mankowicz as he tells a twisted story of sex, lies, and betrayal that will keep you guessing until the very end. Search deadly engagement to follow now. This message comes from revisionist history. On revisionist history, the Alabama murders, the seven episode series looks at the case of Kenny Smith, which led to the center of the debate on capital punishment.

在任意播客平台均可收听。

Listen wherever you get your podcasts.

《我们共同的自然》是一段与马友友和我——安娜·冈萨雷斯共同踏上的音乐之旅，穿越这个复杂国度的旅程。

Our common nature is a musical journey with Yo Yo Ma and me, Anna Gonzalez, through this complicated country.

我们深入洞穴、登上船只、攀爬山径，与人们相遇，聆听他们的故事，当然也演奏音乐——这一切都是为了重新与自然建立联结。

We go into caves, onto boats, and up mountain trails to meet people, hear their stories, and, of course, play some music, all to reconnect to nature.

在WNYC电台收听《我们共同的自然》，各大播客平台均可订阅。

Listen to our common nature from WNYC wherever you get podcasts.

六十年来首次，本周五数百万民众将无法获得SNAP食品福利。两位联邦法官表示这项暂停措施可能违法。

For the first time in six decades, there are no SNAP food benefits available for millions of people today on Friday. Two federal judges said this pause is likely unlawful.

特朗普总统表示，尽管政府停摆，他仍考虑维持SNAP计划的运行。

President Trump said he's open to keeping SNAP going despite the government shutdown.

但问题在于方式和时机？NPR的詹妮弗·卢登现在加入我们。詹妮弗，感谢你的到来。你好。特朗普政府表示目前没有资金来支持SNAP计划。

But the question is how and when? NPR's Jennifer Ludden joins us now. Jennifer, thanks for being with us. Hi there. Trump administration says there's just no money available to fund SNAP.

两位联邦法官对此有何看法？

What did both of the federal judges say about that?

他们表示国会已提供了超过50亿美元的紧急资金，正是为应对此类情况准备的。法官驳回了政府关于无法合法使用这笔资金的论点，指出政府不仅能够而且必须使用。罗德岛州的约翰·麦康奈尔法官要求尽快落实，而波士顿的英德拉·塔尔瓦尼法官则表示官员还可以动用海关税收的更多资金，但将决定权留给了他们。

Well, they said congress has provided more than $5,000,000,000 in emergency funds, and it's for exactly this kind of situation. They rejected the administration's argument that it cannot legally use that. They said it not only can but must. In Rhode Island, judge John McConnell junior called for this to happen as soon as possible. The other judge, Indra Talwani in Boston, said officials could also tap more money from customs revenue, but she left that decision up to them.

两位法官要求政府在周一前提交具体执行方案。

Both judges gave the administration until Monday to come back with a plan for how it will proceed.

这是否意味着依赖这项补助的人们能很快领到款项？

But does this mean that people who count on this assistance might see it sometime soon?

这是个好问题，但目前唯一能确定的是我们真的不知道。首先，政府会上诉吗？其次，如果他们仅动用应急资金，这与SNAP计划11月90亿美元的预算相差甚远，民众将无法获得符合资格的全额补助。政府还表示，在停摆期间计算部分付款是项复杂的后勤难题，可能需要时间处理。

That is a good question, and the only answer right now is we really don't know. I mean, first, will the administration appeal? Second, if they agree to only tap the contingency funds, that falls well short of SNAP's November budget, which is $9,000,000,000. So the people would not get the full amount they qualify for. And in that case, the administration has said, you know, calculating partial payments is a logistical nightmare that could take time, especially in the middle of a shutdown.

至于特朗普总统，在裁决公布几小时后，他通过社交媒体回应称已指示律师团队与法院澄清SNAP资金的合法拨付方式，并表示若能实现，他将'很荣幸像支付军队和执法部门薪资那样提供这笔资金'。

And then for as for president Trump, a few hours after these rulings, he addressed them in a social media post. He said he's instructed his lawyers to clarify with the court how they can legally fund SNAP. And if they do, he said, it will be my honor to provide funding just like I did with the military and law enforcement pay.

如果政府决定向民众支付部分常规SNAP食品福利，具体会如何分配？运作机制是怎样的？

If the administration decides to pay people, at least some part of their regular SNAP food benefits, how would that break down? How would it work?

我们确实不清楚。这种情况前所未有。我还没见过公开的执行方案。不过我曾与农业部一位负责SNAP项目的员工交谈，对方也承认这将极具挑战性，甚至超出物流范畴。出于对报复的担忧，这位要求匿名的员工表示自己无权接受媒体采访。

We really don't know. Again, this has not happened before. I've not seen a public plan for how to do it. I did speak, though, with an agriculture department employee who works on SNAP, and they agreed it would be challenging and even beyond logistics. This person asked me not to use their name for fear of retribution, and also they're not authorized to speak with media.

但对方提到几个难点：若资金有限，是只发放给最贫困群体？还是按常规额度的一半发放？或是四分之三？各州政府肯定想参与决策。此外如何在各州间分配部分资金？这名员工怀疑本届政府可能会给某些州分配更多SNAP资金。

But they said for one thing, if you have partial funding, do you give it only to the most needy? Or do you give people, you know, half their regular amount? Maybe three quarters, And states would wanna say in that. But, also, how do you divide partial funding among states? I know the employee wondered if this administration might decide to give some states more SNAP money than others.

那么詹妮弗，从今天起无法获得联邦食品援助的数百万人将面临什么处境？

And, Jennifer, where does this leave the millions of people who aren't getting federal food aid beginning today?

斯科特，他们将陷入困境。这笔从民众食品预算中消失的金额非常庞大，持续时间也未可知。食品政策专家表示，再多的食品银行援助也无法弥补这个缺口——当然援助确实有帮助。我们看到更多州和城市正在调拨资金。昨天裁决公布后，俄克拉荷马州长立即宣布将每周拨款100万美元给食品银行，为SNAP受助人提供最长七周的援助。

Scott, it it leaves them in need. You know, it is a lot of money that is disappearing from people's food budgets. We don't know for how long. Food policy experts say no amount of amping up food banks can come anywhere close to making up this difference, but, of course, it does help, and we see more states and cities shifting money for it. Soon after yesterday's rulings, Oklahoma's governor announced a vote to send a million dollars a week to food banks for SNAP recipients for up to seven weeks if needed.

这里是詹妮弗·拉顿。非常感谢。

And here's Jennifer Lutton. Thanks so much.

谢谢。

Thank you.

COVID医保注册今日在healthcare.gov（平价医疗法案市场）启动。

COVID enrollment begins today on healthcare.gov, the Affordable Care Act Marketplace.

那些无法通过工作、联邦医疗保险或医疗补助获得健康保险的人，现在需要自行购买保险。

People who don't get health insurance through their job, Medicare, or Medicaid have to now shop for coverage.

今年的注册季将有所不同。NPR的Selena Simmons Duffin现在加入我们。Selena，感谢你的到来。

And this year's sign up season will be different. NPR's Selena Simmons Duffin joins us now. Selena, thanks for being with us.

你好，Scott。很高兴和你一起。

Hi, Scott. Good to be with you.

今年注册这些计划的人需要了解什么？

What do people who enroll in these plans need to know this year?

他们需要知道保费可能会大幅上涨，这是因为国会2021年首次通过的所谓增强补贴即将到期，过去几年数百万人依赖这项额外补助来购买医疗保险。实际上，2400万人拥有这些计划，他们包括小企业主、农民和牧场主。今年开放注册开始时，联邦政府停摆，这些补贴成为核心议题。要么立法者达成协议使保费保持与今年相当，要么保费成本将大幅上涨。

Well, they need to know that their premiums might be significantly higher, and that is because something called enhanced subsidies that congress first passed in 2021 are expiring, and that extra help to buy health insurance is something that millions of people have relied on in the last few years. In fact, 24,000,000 people have these plans. They're small business owners, farmers, ranchers. And as open enrollment begins this year, the federal government is shut down, and these subsidies are a central issue. Either lawmakers make a deal and premiums stay about the same as they have been this year, or they don't and premium costs go way up.

保费可能上涨多少？

How much could they go up?

平均而言，明年人们需要为同样的保险计划支付双倍费用。这相当多，对吧？但具体到每个人，可能会更多，也可能更少。

On average, people will have to pay double next year for the same plan. That's a lot. Right? But from person to person, it might be more than that. It might be less.

这取决于你的居住地、年龄、收入等因素。需要说明的是，即使没有协议，仍会有一些联邦补贴，只是不会那么慷慨。

It depends on where you live, your age, your income, and more. Also, to be clear, there will still be some federal subsidies even if there's no deal. They just won't be as generous.

对于通过这种方式获得医疗保险的人，您认为最好的建议是什么？

What would seem to be the best advice for people who get their health insurance this way?

是的，我认为最好的建议是：在了解你个人情况和具体计划变化之前不要恐慌。这个建议来自杰里米·史密斯。奥巴马医改开放注册期是他一年中最忙的时候。他在西弗吉尼亚州查尔斯顿的'首选服务'机构工作，职责就是帮助人们注册这些保险计划。

Yeah. I would say the best advice is don't panic until you see what's happening with your plan in your circumstances. The source of that advice is Jeremy Smith. Obamacare open enrollment is his busiest time of the year. He works for an organization called First Choice Services in Charleston, West Virginia, and their job is to help people sign up for these plans.

我想我们已经预约了超过300个咨询。

We've already booked, I think, over 300 appointments.

他表示，今年打电话咨询的人们都很焦虑。

And he says, you know, this year, people who are calling are anxious.

关于费率上涨的报道很多，所以他们很紧张。我们只是鼓励他们完成整个流程，查看新的计划和价格，因为在完成申请前，我们也不清楚他们具体会看到什么方案。

There's been a lot of stories about rate increases, so they are nervous. And we are just encouraging them to to go through the process and look at the new plans and prices, because we don't know exactly what they're gonna be looking at until we do the application.

他表示，你不该袖手旁观任由现有计划自动续约，因为2026年的费用可能会有巨大变化。

He says what you shouldn't do is be hands off and let your current plan auto renew because the cost for 2026 might be dramatically different.

是的，莉娜。国会是否有机会达成协议延长增强补贴？

Yes, Lina. Is there a chance congress could make a deal that would extend the enhanced subsidies?

是的，我认为可能性不小。民主党正全力推动延长补贴，许多共和党人也表示愿意协商。问题在于如何让各方坐到谈判桌前。因此，一个选择是暂缓几周再签约，以防立法者达成协议后你的选择发生变化。

Yeah. I would say there's a decent chance. Democrats are pushing hard to extend the subsidies, and many Republicans say they're open to a deal. The problem has just been getting everyone to the table to negotiate. So because of that, one option would be to wait to sign up for a plan for a few weeks in case lawmakers do make a deal and your options change.

还有件事我想提一下，今年有个变化受到的关注远低于保费上涨。

There is another thing too that I wanted to mention that's different this year that is getting a lot less attention than the premium cost increases.

是什么变化？

And what's that?

特朗普政府将用于协助民众注册保险计划（如首选服务）的联邦导航员补助金削减了90%。他们在特朗普首个任期内就这么做过，我询问了杰里米·史密斯这对他的预算意味着什么。

Well, the Trump administration cut 90% from federal navigator grants available to organizations that help people sign up for plans like First Choice Services. They also did this in president Trump's first term, and I asked Jeremy Smith what that means for his budget.

这导致我们的导航员项目资助员工从约12人缩减至仅剩1人。

That puts us down from around a staff of 12 to only one that's funded through the the navigator program.

他们成功说服西弗吉尼亚州的基金会资助了三名新员工。他们还对网站进行了调整，帮助人们自助完成注册流程。

They were able to get some West Virginia foundations to fund three additional staffers. They also made some changes to the website to help walk people through how to enroll by themselves.

当然，还有像我这样的行政人员——虽然我个人过去两年没怎么参与注册工作——但我会卷起袖子全力以赴。我是拿固定薪水的，所以会尽可能多花时间投入工作，帮助尽可能多的人。

And then, of course, some of our admin like myself, where I haven't done a lot of enrollment work, personally the last couple years, I'll be rolling up my sleeves and, you know, I'm salary, so I'll be working as many hours as possible just to get in there and help as many people as we can.

他确实提到这场关于医保计划的政治斗争也有积极一面：公众对开放注册期的关注度比往常高得多。史密斯表示很高兴看到人们开始重视这件事。

He does say there is a silver lining to the political fight over these plans. There's a lot more awareness of open enrollment than usual, and Smith says he's happy that people are paying attention.

这里是莉娜·西蒙斯·达芬。非常感谢。

And here's Lena Simmons Duffin. Thanks so much.

不客气。

You're welcome.

新泽西州和弗吉尼亚州将在下周选举新州长，高昂的电费已成为决定性因素。

People in New Jersey and Virginia vote for new governors next week. The high price of electricity has become a deciding factor.

这两个州的电价去年都出现了两位数增长。现在连线NPR记者斯科特·霍斯利。早上好。

Both states have seen double digit power price increases in the last year. NPR's Scott Horsley joins us now. Good morning.

早上好，阿伊莎。

Good morning, Ayesha.

那么，电力问题为何会成为今年竞选活动中如此敏感的话题？

So how did electricity become such a hot button issue on the campaign trail this year?

嗯，在全国范围内，我们看到电价上涨速度超过了整体生活成本，这是政客们忽视就会自食其果的问题。要知道，二十五年前我住在加州时，对电价和供电问题的愤怒曾导致州长格雷·戴维斯下台，为一位名叫阿诺德·施瓦辛格的州长铺平了道路。弗吉尼亚州尤其是新泽西州的电价涨幅特别大——新泽西州居民用户的电费在过去一年上涨了约21%。新泽西州费尔里·迪金森大学的政治民意调查负责人丹·卡西诺表示，这加剧了该州长期存在的高生活成本问题。

Well, around the country, we have seen power prices climbing faster than the overall cost of living, and that is a problem that politicians ignore at their peril. You You know, I lived in California a quarter century ago when anger about both the cost and availability of electricity drove governor Gray Davis out of office and opened the door for a governor named Arnold Schwarzenegger. So the price hikes in Virginia and especially New Jersey have been particularly large. You know, the cost of electricity for residential customers in New Jersey has jumped about 21% in the last year. Dan Casino, who runs a political poll at Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey, says that just adds to perennial concerns about the high cost of living in that state.

有时候我们讨论负担能力是指房产税，有时候是房价，有时候是日用品开支，但我们始终在讨论负担能力。而现在，电力成为了讨论负担能力的新焦点。

Sometimes affordability, we're talking about property taxes. Sometimes we're talking about housing prices. Sometimes we're talking about groceries, but we're always talking about affordability. And electricity is just now the new way to talk about affordability.

目前电费在普通家庭预算中占比仍然较小，平均约2.5%。但当其他开支都在增加时，高昂的电费确实令人头疼。

Now electricity is still a relatively small part of a typical family's budget, about two and a half percent on average. But when so many other things are also getting more expensive, a big power bill can really be a pain.

是什么推动了这些价格上涨？

What's driving these price increases?

嗯，通常来说这是供需共同作用的结果。新泽西和弗吉尼亚同属大西洋中部电网，该电网已淘汰部分老旧化石燃料电厂，但清洁能源建设速度却比其他地区慢。与此同时，人工智能热潮催生的新建数据中心导致这些州的电力需求激增。这是个复杂的难题。卡西诺说，对于因电费上涨而愤怒的选民而言，这就像罗夏墨迹测验（能反映出各自不同的关注点）。

Well, as usual, it's a mix of supply and demand. Both New Jersey and Virginia are part of a Mid Atlantic power grid that has retired some of its old fossil fuel power plants and has been slower than some other parts of the country to add new clean energy sources. At the same time, we have seen a burst of new demand for electricity in those states from all the new data centers that have sprung up as part of the artificial intelligence boom. So it's a complicated puzzle. Casino says it can be kind of a Rorschach test for voters who are just angry about their rising power bills.

问题在于选民们不明白为何会发生这种情况。他们只是责怪自己不喜欢的人。民主党人说，哦，都是特朗普的错，或者指责贪婪的电力公司。共和党人则说，这都是民主党的责任。所以每个人都在把责任推给自己看不顺眼的对象。

The problem is voters don't understand why this is happening. They just blame whoever it is that they don't like. So democrats say, oh, it's Donald Trump, or they blame greedy electric companies. Republicans say, well, it's the Democrats. So everyone's just blaming whoever they don't like for it.

在新泽西州，现任州长是民主党人。在弗吉尼亚州，现任州长则是共和党人。虽然两人都不参与本次选举，但两党希望接替他们的候选人都被问及将如何解决这个问题。

In New Jersey, the incumbent governor is a Democrat. In Virginia, the incumbent is a Republican. Neither of them is on the ballot, but the candidates from both parties who hope to replace them are being asked how they plan to tackle this problem.

这些非大选年的州长竞选常被视为后续全国性议题的预演。电价问题会成为明年其他地区选举的影响因素吗？

These off year governors races are are often seen as kind of a dress rehearsal for issues that later go national. Are electricity prices going to be a factor in other parts of the country in next year's elections?

有可能。要知道，其他州也在应对类似挑战，尽管全美大部分地区并未像新泽西和弗吉尼亚那样出现两位数涨幅。当前全美电力需求增速比过去二十年多数时期都快。与此同时，特朗普政府采取措施限制新的太阳能和风能发电，而作为全国主要电力来源的天然气价格也在上涨——部分原因是我们出口了更多天然气。赌场分析师表示，选民们未必会深究这些细节，但如果他们对电费账单和整体生活成本不满，这可能会影响明年大选的投票倾向。

They could be. You know, other states are wrestling with some of these same challenges, although most parts of the country are not seeing double digit price hikes like New Jersey and Virginia are. Nationally, demand for electricity is growing faster now than it did for most of the last two decades. At the same time, the Trump administration has taken steps to limit new solar and wind generation, and natural gas, which is the number one source of electric power generation in the country, is getting more expensive, partly because we are exporting more of our natural gas. Now casino says voters may or may not sift through all those details, but if they're unhappy about their electric bills and the overall cost of living, that could be a factor in the voting booth next year.

人们感到无助，他们想找人担责，希望政府能采取行动。这种无助感无论是来自电价上涨、房租攀升还是通货膨胀都无关紧要。当选民感到无助时，他们总要找个出气筒。如果你恰好是这个出气筒，那对现任者来说就太不利了。

People feel helpless, and they want to blame somebody, and they want someone in the government to do something about it. And it almost doesn't matter if the helplessness comes from the electricity rates or from the rent going up or from inflation. When voters feel helpless, they're gonna blame somebody. And if you are that somebody, it is a bad time to be an incumbent.

去年全球各地都出现了这种情况，左右两派的政客都因民众对高生活成本不满而受到惩罚。

We saw that around the world last year when politicians on the left and the right were punished because people were unhappy with the high cost of living.

以上是NPR记者斯科特·霍斯利的报道。非常感谢您的参与。

That's NPR's Scott Horsley. Thank you so much for joining us.

很高兴和你在一起。

Good to be with you.

这是2025年11月1日周六节目的开场，我是斯科特·西蒙。

And that's up first for Saturday, 11/01/2025. I'm Scott Simon.

我是阿伊莎·罗斯科。

And I'm Ayesha Roscoe.

今天的播客由戴夫·米斯蒂奇制作，埃琳娜·特威里克和盖比·奥康纳协助。我们的编辑团队包括哈迪尔·阿尔沙尔希、凯瑟琳·莱德洛、梅丽莎·格雷、拉斐尔·南姆和黛安·韦伯。迈克尔·拉德克利夫担任本期节目导演。

Dave Mistich produced today's podcast with help from Elena Twerick and Gabe O'Connor. Our editor has been Hadil Al Shalshi along with Katherine Laidlaw, Melissa Gray, Rafael Nam, and Diane Weber. Michael Radcliffe directed today's program.

技术总监是大卫·格林伯格，工程支持来自尼莎·海因斯和达米安·赫林。

Our technical director was David Greenberg with engineering support from Nisha Hynes and Damien Herring.

我们的高级监制编辑是香农·罗兹，执行制片人是埃比·斯通，副执行主编是吉姆·凯恩。

Our senior supervising editor is Shannon Rhodes. Eby Stone is our executive producer, and Jim Cain is our deputy managing editor.

明天的周日故事栏目，我们将探讨小型家庭生育率下降将如何影响我们社区的未来。

Tomorrow on the Sunday story, we take a look at how decreasing birth rates in smaller families will affect the future of our communities.

广播里我们还能为您提供更多内容，请访问stations.npr.org查找您当地的NPR电台开始收听，让广播陪伴您的整个周末。

And there's so much more that we can give you on the radio, so please find your local NPR station at stations.npr.org and start listening. Build the weekend around it.

没错，这就像糖果，而且不用等到万圣节就能享用。

Exactly. It's like candy, and you don't have to wait for Halloween.

对吧？吓一跳吧。

Right? Boo.

想听无广告插播的播客吗？亚马逊Prime会员可通过Amazon Music收听无赞助广告的《Up First》，您也可以支持NPR的重要新闻报道并获取《Up First Plus》会员服务，请访问+.npr.org。

Wanna hear this podcast without sponsor breaks? Amazon Prime members can listen to Up First sponsor free through Amazon Music, or you can also support NPR's Vital Journalism and get Up First Plus at +.npr.org. That's +.npr.org.

本周《Consider This》将解析一些疯狂的经济趋势：家庭生育率下降将如何影响全球经济，私募信贷市场的崛起及其潜在风险，以及政府停摆导致的医疗成本上升。每天下午通过NPR应用或任意播客平台收听。

This week on consider this, unpacking some wild economic trends. Families are having fewer kids, how that will ripple in the global economy, plus the rise of private credit markets and the hidden risk they pose. And we're breaking down the rise in health care costs tied to the government shutdown. Listen every afternoon to consider this on the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.

在NPR的《Throughline》播客中，讲述那些支撑互联网运行的海底电缆的故事。

On the Throughline podcast from NPR, the story of the undersea cables that run the Internet.

其他历史学家将其比作阿波罗登月计划。

Other historians have compared it to the Apollo missions of going to the moon.

请在NPR应用或你获取播客的任何平台收听《Throughline》。

Listen to Throughline in the NPR app or wherever you get your podcasts.